Iron battalion, running water soldier.
If we compare the Forbidden City to a camp,
Then the emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties were like soldiers in running water.
No one can regard the Forbidden City as their only one.
But the imperial tomb has its own uniqueness,
Like the emperor's personal luxury private house,
Unlike the Forbidden City, it repeats too much.
Every mausoleum,
There is a unique story,
Everyone has a puzzling mystery that fascinates people.
The satellite map shows the controlled terrain very intuitively.
According to the precedent, Yongzheng's mausoleum should be built at the boundary of Qingling Mausoleum in Zunhua County, with his father Kangxi as his companion. So he once took Dongling Jiufeng chao yang shan as his eternal home, but Yongzheng did not build a mausoleum there, but set up another mausoleum in Yizhou. After that, people have different opinions, saying that Yongzheng changed his mind and usurped the throne, and was buried next to Kangxi Jingling; Second, sejong (Poulnot. ) I was overjoyed, killing people like hemp, taking credit for myself, and setting up another mausoleum to show myself. This statement does not conform to historical facts. But why did he move the tomb? According to "Engineering History", in order to abolish the site of chao yang shan Mausoleum in Jiu Feng, he once sent a message: "This place is close to Xiaoling Mausoleum and Jingling Mausoleum, which is in line with my original intention, and people who are proficient in geomantic omen are adding bricks and tiles here, thinking that although the scale is large and the shape is incomplete, the people in the cave are really useless with sand and stones." So he sent Wang Yunyang and Gao Qi, governor of Liangjiang, to choose another mausoleum site.
Is this tomb really extraordinary? Just arrived at the main entrance, I was trapped by a mystery.
Only the Qing Xiling Mausoleum has built three stone archways with the same shape outside Dahongmen, one in front and one in the left and right, and two stone kylins have been set outside Dahongmen. Other mausoleums, such as the Ming Tombs and the Qing Dongling Mausoleum, are stone archways. Why are there three stone archways in Qing Xiling? There are two stone kylins outside the door.
Gossip explanation: When Yong Zhengdi was a prince, he lived in a Lama Temple for a long time. There are three tall archways, a huge shadow wall and a pair of stone lions in the south courtyard of Yonghe Palace. Yong Zhengdi, who likes to find his own way, thinks that he can become an emperor, which is closely related to his family's geomantic omen. So I moved the style of the house I lived in to the house I lived in after my death, and built three stone archways and two stone kylins in Dahongmen, Qing Xiling.
In June, 2000 165438+ 10, Qing Xiling and Qing Dongling were listed as world cultural heritage by the 24th World Heritage Committee.
Mysterious gossip of stone arch 2: suppressing water monsters. It turns out that this place is a big pool, where old turtles who have already cultivated their achievements live. When people buried large puddles for construction, in order to contain more and more water, local state officials put big seals into the water to suppress them. In order to suppress the monster for a long time, they specially built two stone archways, each with a height of 12.5 meters and a width of 310.85 meters, with five doors and six columns.
The exquisite relief of the royal stone carving is amazing in fineness, paying attention to the golden dragon with five claws, which is exclusive to the mausoleum. The image of the dragon is powerful and domineering.
The stone unicorn, which is not found in other tombs, still stands in its original position after hundreds of years. It is not easy to be a real royal cultural relic.
Huabiao, also called Huan Biao, Biao Mu or Shu Mu, is a wooden pillar used in ancient China to indicate the king's submission or guide the way. It appeared in the era of Yao and Shun, and Yao put up wooden signs on the road for people to write remonstrances and criticize the current abuses. Watches in ancient China were all made of wood. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, stone pillars were erected in front of palaces, bridges and tombs. , also known as Shinto pillar and stone pillar.
The memorial buildings of Shengde and the tree monuments in the pavilion are used to show the achievements of the emperor? . Double eaves rest on the top of the mountain, with yellow glazed tiles on top. Built on a square blue and white stone base. There is an arched doorway on each roof.
This one is very thin and likes to carry heavy things. So under the stone tablet is his shape.
There are two huge stone tablets in the stone tablet building, each weighing 56.55 tons. The front of the stone tablet is engraved with Yong Zhengdi's great achievements in Manchu and Chinese, with about 5,000 words. This is an important material to praise Yongzheng.
Further ahead are all kinds of stone statues. Stone statues are stone figures and beasts placed in front of the mausoleum of the Emperor, also known as "Weng Zhong". It is the epitome of imperial power.
In the Ming Dynasty, whenever grand ceremonies were held, in addition to civil and military officials and military ceremonies, animals such as lions and elephants were also kept in cages and placed on both sides of the Imperial Road to strengthen imperial power. After the emperor died, he needed the same ostentation and extravagance, so he set up a stone statue student in front of the mausoleum. This practice began in the Qin and Han dynasties, and has been used by emperors and dignitaries since then, but the number and image are different.
Five pairs of stone statues were installed in the north of the seven-hole bridge in Tailing and on both sides of Shinto. They are "lions, elephants, horses, civil servants and military commanders". The sculpture is simple and shows its own charm.
Are civil servants and military commanders in line? Do they think it is cute?
This is a famous watchtower. The stone carving technology in Qing Dynasty developed greatly, and the carving of watchtowers became more and more exquisite. The cloud ornaments on the cloud pillars are lifelike and full of three-dimensional sense. I'm afraid only the palace garden can do this kind of handwriting and tolerance.
As a part of the mausoleum building, a large memorial building complex, the configuration of the stone statue students is not customized. When the Tailing Mausoleum was built, it was not set up because of geomantic omen. Until the 13th year of Qianlong (1748), in order to show filial piety, Emperor Qianlong set up five pairs of stone statues regardless of the opposition of his ministers, which caused twists and turns between him and his ministers.
At the end is the Dragon and Phoenix Gate.
Longfengmen: Mausoleum-style and archway-style buildings in Qing Dynasty. It consists of six stone pillars and four sections of glazed walls. It has three doors and is a flame arch.
Come to an intuitive satellite map, which is easier for everyone to understand.
Behind Longfengmen is a three-hole stone arch bridge, which enters the main part of Tailing. After a few hundred meters, you can see the three-way three-hole stone arch bridge and the small monument building. Behind the small monument building is the square in front of Long En's door. There are two courts and classrooms in the square. They are used as guards on duty when making cakes, sweets and sacrifices. There is an east-west courtyard on the east side of the square, which, as the name implies, is a kitchen warehouse. The courtyard of the God Kitchen Library includes three God Libraries in the north, east and south, and a sacrificial pavilion in the southeast corner. There is also a well pavilion on the south side of the wall of the kitchen library, which is convenient for taking water.
Cross two three-hole stone bridges and enter the palace area. This will be another legend.
Tailing Mausoleum is the mausoleum of Yongzheng, the earliest, largest and most complete mausoleum in Xiling. Tailing was once considered stolen, so in 1980, National Cultural Heritage Administration approved the cleaning and excavation of Tailing underground palace. However, after digging 2 meters along the stolen hole, it was found that the soil below was intact. The stolen hole only dug 2 meters and did not steal the tailings. Therefore, there is no further excavation.
There was once a legend that Yong Zhengdi's sudden death of a headless corpse became a mystery in the history of China. There were even rumors that the mausoleum was built with gold, but all this is only speculation at present. All the answers can only be archaeological excavations. ?
This is a tombstone pavilion, which contains the posthumous title Monument. The tablet is engraved with the emperor's temple number, posthumous title and emblem: Sejong Jingtian Changyun Jianzhong, Wu Yingming, Kuan Renxin, Yi Rui Sheng Da, Xiao Zhi Cheng Xian Emperor.
Further north is Long En Gate. Inside the gate, the magnificent Long 'en Hall is in the center, and the east and west halls are on both sides respectively, forming a spacious quadrangle with Long 'en Gate, giving people a solemn feeling.
Xipeidian is the place where lamas recite scriptures. Long 'en Hall is the largest in the mausoleum area, with three warm pavilions, a bright room in the middle, a shrine and a fairy building, and curtains hanging to worship the memorial tablets of the emperor and queen. There is a treasure bed in the West NuanGe, and a sandalwood throne is placed on the bed to worship the tablets of concubines. When the emperor visited the mausoleum, the emperor, the king and the public all wore plain clothes. When the ceremony was held, the emperor wore royal robes, and the princes and ministers who accompanied the sacrifice also wore dresses to attend the sacrifice.
The left and right wire ovens are used for burning paper respectively.
Entering the Long En Hall, I looked up and was attracted by the complicated ceiling.
Well, the following is the cosplay time of Yongzheng.
Yong Zhengdi (A.D. 1678 13 February 65438- 1735 10/28 October), the fourth son of Emperor Kangxi, succeeded to the throne after his death and became the third emperor of the Qing Dynasty.
Yongzheng is a very complicated and contradictory historical figure. He is an outstanding politician who is brave in innovation and diligent in being in power. He reformed and rectified Kangxi's accumulated evils in his later years, swept away the decadent wind, cleared the bureaucracy, stabilized the rule, enriched the state treasury and reduced the burden on the people. But after all, he was a feudal emperor with great shortcomings and limitations, and his succession to the throne was also very doubtful.
On reward for merit: Yongzheng first abolished the poll tax for thousands of years and implemented the "land equalization system" which was beneficial to the poor peasants, which was a major change in China's tax system; The establishment of the military department has popularized the memorial system. In the Ming dynasty, power was concentrated in the cabinet, so power came into being. Qing Yongzheng further concentrated power in the hands of the emperor and founded the Ministry of War. The minister of military affairs directly deals with all localities and ministries to understand the local situation and convey the emperor's will. The implementation of the reform of land flowing into streams in ethnic minority areas has hit and restricted the separatist regime and privileges of chieftains, which is conducive to the economic and cultural development of ethnic minority areas. In addition, Yongzheng made many commendable achievements, such as punishing corruption, liberating untouchables, pacifying Rob's hiding in Tenzin, and sending ministers to Tibet, which contributed to the unification and development of China.
Yong Zhengdi Zhu Pi on display. Modern times are commonly known as red-headed documents.
Out of the Long 'en Hall, two bronze table relics still stand after hundreds of years of wind and rain.
A close look at the details is touching, and royal things do not hesitate to pay for work.
A pair of bronze cylinders were made during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty and were used to put out fires.
Walk slowly into the backyard. . .
This is the door of the back bedroom, like death, and the quality of the building is the same as that of the Forbidden City.
There are two doorposts in the back bedroom. Fifteen palaces, Fangcheng, Minglou, Baocheng, Baoding, Underground Palace and other buildings. The fifteenth palace is the place where the imperial harem worships. The platform consists of two parts, with a stone incense burner in the middle and stone vases and paraffin strings on both sides. There are three kinds of five offerings, all of which are carved in blue and white, so they are called "fifteen gongs". The altar is made up of two giant stone carvings, and there are many exquisite carving patterns around Sumeru, such as the legendary "Eight Immortals" pattern.
This is Erzhumen, a mausoleum system in Qing Dynasty, located in the middle of Shinto not far north of Lingmen. It consists of two quadrangular stone pillars and a clip building. The top of the stone pillar is looking up at the sky. Although this building is called the door, in fact, the coffin does not pass through here, nor does undertaker. It is a purely ceremonial building and has no practical value.
One of the five mountains.
To the north of the 15th Gongtan, Fangcheng and Minglou stand tall, which is the tallest building in the whole mausoleum. The majestic Fangcheng holds up the exquisite and colorful Ming building high and embeds it in the blue sky, forming a beautiful picture.
Through the ticket gate, I saw the legendary dumb courtyard.
Although the dumb courtyard or crescent city was invented at the beginning, it was not officially recorded in the Ming Dynasty. It is not mentioned in the official archives of the Qing Dynasty. There are clear records in the design of Qing Emperor's Mausoleum painted in thunder style. For example, in Xianfeng Dingling's "According to the quasi-thermal sample and the gray neutral sample of countersunk brick according to the size of Ping Zi sliding ruler", there are labels such as "Crescent City to Fangcheng Courtyard is three feet three inches deep", "Cave to Crescent City is thirteen feet nine inches deep" and "The epithelial height from the bottom of the big trough to the dumb courtyard is two feet three inches high". In the book, "according to the presentation, the iron sample is accurate, and the brick is buried in the gray neutral sample according to the size of the sliding ruler". I wonder if the word "Ba" in the dumb courtyard is misspelled or other reasons.
According to this paper, Crescent City and Dumb House seem to be two architectural names, so what is the naming basis of Dumb House? Many experts and scholars quoted folklore, saying that the imperial court was worried about water leakage at the entrance to the underground palace, so it used dumb people to work here. Whether it's Ming or Qing tombs, their tombs are heavily guarded, and ordinary people have no chance to enter the tombs. And there are many people involved in the design and construction of the mausoleum. If you really want to guard against it, I am afraid it is impossible to guard against it.
Mr. Hu Hansheng, an expert on the study of the Ming Tombs, thinks that the dumb courtyard is an image because it is a closed and deep small courtyard. People go in through the tunnel in Fangcheng, and then they are blocked by the wall with a glass screen. Now they can't walk straight, just like their throats are blocked, and the dumb can't speak.
There is a unified stone tablet in the Ming building. The base of the monument is Sumitomo, with dragon relief and colorful colors. The tablet is painted with vermilion, and the words "Emperor Sejong's Mausoleum" are engraved in Manchu, Chinese and Mongolian.
Exquisite dragon stone carvings create royal majesty everywhere.
Looking out from Baocheng, the mausoleum is surrounded by rare trees. For hundreds of years, it has now become a towering tree. There are tall walls on both sides of Fangcheng, and the tomb is called Baocheng. The huge mound rising in the middle of Baocheng is Yong Zhengdi's mausoleum, named Baoding. Tailing Baoding covers an area of more than 3,600 square meters, making it the best in Xiling Baoding. Below the top of the treasure is an underground palace with a huge project. In the underground palace, besides Yong Zhengdi, the filial piety queen and the imperial concubine Dunsu were buried. ?
From the satellite map, you can see the huge treasure dome. Grandpa four is really distinguished.
Panorama of Tailing Mountain.
The construction of Tailing Mountain lasted for eight years. Tailing Mausoleum is the largest mausoleum in Qing Dynasty and the core of Xiling. There are three tall and exquisite stone archways and a Shinto with a width of more than ten meters and a length of five kilometers, which runs through the north and south of the mausoleum. There are three pairs of stone beasts, a pair of civil servants and a pair of military attache on each side of Shinto. Tailing stone students use freehand brushwork to outline the images of people and animals with thick lines, and then use lines as thin as embroidery to express details and patterns. It embodies the unique carving techniques of stone carving art in Qing Dynasty.
The main building of Tailing starts from the southernmost flame archway, passes through a five-hole stone arch bridge, and starts the longest Lu Shen in Xiling-the 2.5-kilometer-long Tailing Lu Shen. Along the north of Lu Shen, Baoding is lined with stone archway, Dahongmen, display hall, Dabeilou, Seven-hole bridge, watchtower, stone statue, Dragon and Phoenix Gate, three-way three-hole bridge, posthumous title Monument Pavilion and God storage.
Looking back at the Tailing Mausoleum, the main buildings are lined up on a central axis, which is spectacular.
Explore the past, think about the isolated,
This is exactly what you can't get in your daily life.
The old thing is moonlight, with a calm breath.
When you are upset, touch old things,
A feeling similar to detachment arises spontaneously.
Time is sprinkled on old things and also on my heart.