There is a chain under the lion's big mouth. There is a lion's head in the middle of the chain, and many wavy lines are carved next to it. There are two huge front feet under the chain.
The claws of the stone lion are very sharp, like a knife. The hair on the head is neat and wavy. Very imposing, worthy of being the overlord of grassland!
There are two friction marks on the left and right sides of the lion's chin, which seems to be a "fake beard", and this "fake beard" is covered with a chain, which looks like a "fake beard" growing on the chain and connected with the big chin. There are many lines on it, which are very beautiful, like a gray stream of water.
This stone lion is very big, with a big tail in the middle, just like a twist.
6. There seems to be a lot of water waves moving on the front foot side of the stone lion. Its claws are like half a moon, covered with dust and very dirty, while the claws on its hind feet have many different lines, such as waves, circles and triangles, just like being scratched by a horse. This is very terrible. This stone lion is both terrible and majestic.
7. Stone lions have many postures. Some are like a lucky cat, so cute with a wave of its front paws; Some stone lions are sitting in front of the gate, as if guarding it. They are very powerful.
8. There are countless stone lions on the Lugou Bridge.
9. The placement of stone lions is also regular and symmetrical, and the position is the same as the custom of male left and female right in China.
10. The lion has six wavy beards under its nose, a big mouth under it, and a stone bead inside those sharp teeth.
1 1. This stone lion has a white spot on its eye. His eyes are like two eggs. There is a big nose in the middle of his eyes, which is covered with a layer of ash.
12. The stone lion has a pair of big and fierce eyes on his head, which looks terrible.
13. Walking on the walking ladder, there are many stone lions with different shapes on both sides.
14. Some stone lions are playing with the top ball. They look very cute.
15. Some stone lions are waving to tourists as if welcoming them.
16. Some stone lions stare at you mercilessly with their eyes, as if they were angry that tourists had disturbed their rest.
17. People in China have always regarded the stone lion as an auspicious thing. Among the many scenic spots in China. Stone lions of all shapes can be seen everywhere.
18. A pair of stone lions were placed in front of the gates of ancient official temples and huge houses to guard the town houses.
19. Until modern times, in front of the gates of many buildings, there was still such a Shishi town residential nursing home.
20. Looking closely, these two stone lions are exactly the same. However, I suddenly found a ball at the foot of the left stone lion and a little lion at the foot of the right stone lion.
2 1. Generally speaking, the stone lions in the north are atmospheric in appearance and simple in carving; The stone lions in the south are more aura, lively in shape and diverse in carving. The cubs are lively and lovely, not only under the lioness's palm, but also on the lion's back.
The difference between stone lions is that the lion is the king of all animals. Put it in front of palaces, mansions and yamen, it has the meaning of intimidating the town and subduing all animals, symbolizing the honor and power of feudal emperors.
The ball under the lion's hoof symbolizes the unity of the whole world and the power of the ruler. The caressing of young lions by males and females also symbolizes the prosperity and reproduction of children.
Some people think that the mouths of two lions are at an angle of 45 degrees, which means happiness and peace. In addition, the number of zits carved on the head of the stone lion shows the level of its master status, with thirteen being the highest, that is, there are 13 zits carved on the head of the stone lion in front of Yipin Palace, which is called "Thirteen Guarantees"; Below the first-level officer, one section will be reduced for each lower level; There are no stone lions in front of the door below the seven-product official.
Visible behavior is also a reflection of feudal hierarchy. Shishi is a kind of god beast, which can drive away many kinds of evil spirits and enhance the official prestige or master's yang. There used to be a couple in front of many big houses.
If the window sees the adverse effects, you can put a pair of stone lions facing the window to resolve the evil spirits, which is meaningful for life. All industries that live by mouth, such as lawyers and artists, can put on a prestige in the office, which helps to make money.
Lions are the mascots of gatekeepers and can also be used to decorate buildings. The cultural meaning of stone lions has never been unified.
One view is that lions are auspicious animals and can drive away evil spirits. The book "A Brief Introduction to the Situation in Beijing" says: "The stone is also real, and the lion thinks it is. It is hard to say that it is not easy for seniors to start a business. "
As a kind of architectural decoration, stone lions are often used in palaces, temples, yamen (ancient organs) and at the gates of senior officials, nobles and wealthy businessmen. In modern times, stone lions are usually placed in front of some shops.
Shishi is a lion carved from stone, which is often used as an ornament in traditional buildings in China. It can be seen in palaces, temples, pagodas, bridges, mansions, gardens, tombs and buttons in China.
But more often, "Shishi" refers to a pair of lions placed on the left and right sides of the gate. In the long historical years, these stone lions accompanied by vicissitudes witnessed the rise and fall of dynasties and became an indispensable ornament in the ancient buildings of China.
But there were no wild lions in ancient China, so when and where did these stone lion carving arts originate? How did you come to China and become a part of China art? The hometown of lions is in Africa, India, South America and other places. However, the image of the lion has long been known to our ancestors: there is a three-dimensional image of the lion in the exquisite painted prints of Zhou bronzes collected in the Song and Qing Dynasties.
It is said that lions come from the western regions. According to legend, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, lions were given as gifts to the emperor of China.
With the introduction of Buddhism into China, the lion revered by Buddhism has become a noble and majestic spirit beast in people's minds. China soon learned the carving art of stone lions from India, and the phenomenon of displaying tombs appeared. For example, the stone lion in front of Gaoyi Tomb in Ya 'an County, Sichuan Province is the oldest stone lion in China and a relic of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Therefore, lions appear more as mythical animals in China, and together with Kirin, they become the spirit beasts of China. Hui Lin, a monk in the Tang Dynasty, said, "Sister-in-law is a lion, and she went out of the Western Regions."
In the Tang Dynasty, the stone lion carving art reached its peak. Because of the vivid creative method, the stone lion is exactly like China.
The stone lions carved by China sculptors are magnificent and lifelike: the head has curly hair, the mouth is open, the neck is tilted, the four claws are powerful, and the expression is domineering ... After the Ming Dynasty, the stone lion carving art is not only higher than that of the Tang Dynasty, but also more widely used in people's lives. Palaces, mansions, tombs and even ordinary citizens' houses are guarded by stone lions; Stone lions are carved on the lintel eaves and stone railings as decoration.
For example, the world-famous Lugou Bridge, with 140 stigma on both sides, is carved with exquisite and lively stone lions. Various postures, rich expressions, different sizes and vivid sculptures.
By the Qing Dynasty, the sculpture of lions was basically shaped. "Yangzhou Painting Boat Record" stipulates: "The lion is divided into parts, face, body, legs, teeth, crotch, embroidered belt, bell, thread, rolling embroidered beads and chisel young." Stone lions generally take Mount Sumi as the base, and there is a brocade shop on the base.
Lions have different shapes. They are beautified in China. Their basic form is full of curly hair, magnificent. The shape of the lion has different characteristics in different dynasties: in the Han and Tang dynasties, it was usually magnificent and powerful; In the Yuan Dynasty, the body was slender and powerful; Ming and Qing dynasties were relatively docile.
There are rules for the placement of the stone lions. Generally speaking, they are male and female in pairs, and they are generally left male and right female, which conforms to China's traditional philosophy of Yin and Yang.
The lion placed on the left side of the door is generally carved into the right front paw to play with hydrangea or there is a hydrangea between the two front paws; The lioness on the right side of the door is carved into the left front paw to touch the cub or the cub is located between the two front paws. Decorative lion: an auspicious beast, the king of beasts, brave and invincible. It can not only ward off evil spirits, but also bring good luck, dispel all kinds of evil spirits and enhance the official prestige or the master's yang. If the window sees adverse effects, you can put a pair of stone lions in front of your mouth to turn evil spirits into life power.
All industries that make a living by mouth, such as lawyers and artists, can put on a prestige in the office, which helps to make money. However, the placement of lions is exquisite and cannot be placed at will.
Put lions of different qualities in different positions. 1, the lion should be placed in the northwest. This is because the lion was introduced to China from the western regions, so the northwest is its most active place, occupying a geographical position; Second, because lions are divinatory symbols and live in the northwest, the five elements belong to gold, so lions (especially bronze lions or golden lions) can play their best role in the northwest.
At the same time, the west is also suitable for placing lions. 2. Lions should be placed in pairs. Lions should be paired with a female lion and a male lion.
And it should be divided into men and women, and the left and right cannot be reversed. When placed, the lions can't go wrong as long as they take care of each other. If one of them is broken, you should immediately put on a brand-new pair of lions, and don't leave the other one in its place.
3. The lion's head will be fierce and suffocated outside. The feng shui layout is to prevent evil spirits from entering the house, so the lion's head should be outside the house. If placed in a window, the lion's head must also face out of the window.
3. What are the different meanings of different action forms of Shishi? Shishi is a lion carved from stone, which is often used as an ornament in traditional buildings in China. It can be seen in palaces, temples, pagodas, bridges, mansions, gardens, tombs and buttons in China. But more often, "Shishi" refers to a pair of lions placed on the left and right sides of the gate. Its shape is not the lion we see now, probably because most middle-earth people have never seen a real lion on the African grassland. However, some people say that lions in the western regions are different from those in Africa.
Shishiziba gate
People in China have always regarded stone lions as auspicious things. Among the many scenic spots in China. Stone lions of all shapes can be seen everywhere. A pair of stone lions were placed in front of the gates of ancient official temples and huge houses to guard the town houses. Until modern times, in front of the gates of many buildings, there were still such Shishi town residential nursing homes. Then, how did the custom of closing the gate with stone lions come into being and when did it originate?
Lions belong to feline mammals in zoology. Its male figure is vigorous, his head is big and his face is wide, he is bold in playing with fur and his posture is very fierce. Its origin is not in China, but in Africa, India, South America and other places. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian sent a mission to the Western Regions, which opened up the connection between China and other countries in the Western Regions and enabled the lion to enter China. "The history of the later han dynasty. Biography of the Western Regions: "In the first year of Zhang (AD 87), (an interest country) sent an envoy to offer a teacher (lion) and." It means that an interest country far away in West Asia (equivalent to today's Iran) sent an envoy to Liu Huan, the then Emperor of the Han Dynasty, and sent rare gifts: the lion and Fu Ba (a rare hornless animal). This caused quite a stir in Luoyang, the then capital. From then on, the lion, a guest from afar, began to enter the folk life of the people in China. He was not only treated with courtesy, but also loved by the people in China. He was honored as a "Rui beast" and was promoted to the status of the king of beasts comparable to a tiger. In Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica, it is said that "the lion is the first of all animals when he leaves the western countries." Lions have such good luck in China, and they also benefited from the introduction of Buddhism into China in the Han Dynasty. "Recorded under the Light" said: When Buddha Sakyamuni was born, he made a lion roar: "Heaven and earth are the only ones". Therefore, Buddhist stalks worship lions as solemn and auspicious beasts of God. In the future, Buddhists said that the sound shook the heavens and the earth, and all animals were frightened, so it was called "lion roar". Many temples in Mount Tai, a Buddhist holy place in China, are dedicated to Manjusri Bodhisattva riding a lion. It is said that Manjusri Bodhisattva, who specializes in the wisdom of human alliance, first rode a lion to Wutai Mountain, and Wutai Mountain became the Dojo of Manjusri Bodhisattva's statement. With such majesty, lions began to appear in front of imperial tombs and noble tombs in the Han and Tang Dynasties. But it was just placed in front of the tomb house. As a god beast in Shinto, it is often put together with stone horses. The stone sheep and other stone statues are put together, which plays a deterrent role and makes people feel awe. At this time, the stone lion has not yet entered the folk, and its shape is obviously different from that of the stone lion who later guarded the city gate, that is, there is no stone lion statue below.
In the remains of ancient stone lions in the Han and Tang dynasties, you can clearly see the tall stone pedestal.
Shishi went to the folk and became a gatekeeper beast. This custom was formed after the Tang and Song Dynasties. According to Mr. Cheng's Interesting Talk about the Stone Lion in Yuan Dynasty (see Literature and History Knowledge 1998 No.9), most residents in the capital of Tang Dynasty lived in "houses", which were residential areas with walls and doors for fire prevention and theft prevention. Most square doors are made into memorial archways with Fang's name written on them. Put a pair of big stones at the foot of each square column to prevent wind and earthquake. Craftsmen carve lions, unicorns, sea animals and other animals on big stones, which is both beautiful and auspicious. This is the prototype of guarding the gate with auspicious animals such as stone lions. Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Fang withdrew from the historical stage. In order to show off their momentum, some wealthy families simplified the original style of the square door and transformed it into a gatehouse. Like the stone pillars used in the original square gate, the stone pillars are carved with lions and other auspicious animals, and this style has been preserved. This custom is clearly recorded in the article "Analysis of Local Customs in Yuan Dynasty": "In the capital, show officials and taxpayers, and solve the problem. Most lions are cast from pig iron, and the left and right doors are connected, or Bai Shimin is used as mentioned above. " This is the earliest, most detailed and conclusive record of the appearance time of the gatekeeper stone lion in China. It can be concluded that the Yuan Dynasty was the beginning of China's gatekeeper stone lions from the palace to the folk. Most of the stone lions we saw squatted on a pedestal carved by a big stone, which is obviously a relic evolved from the original beryl.
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