-From where?
Bai Juyi's Pipa Tour in Tang Dynasty
-Original works
In the tenth year of Yuanhe, Yu moved to Sima, Jiujiang County. Next autumn, seeing off guests in Songpukou and listening to those who play the pipa in the middle of the night will have the clank of iron in Kyoto. Asked male, Ben Chang 'an advocates women, learns the pipa from the old and faded Mu and Cao, and devotes himself to being a good girl. Then he ordered wine and asked Aauto Quicker to play some songs. When I was young, I told myself my happiness. Now I am wandering, haggard and wandering between rivers and lakes. After two years as an official, I feel at ease and feel that I have moved towards the future. Because of long sentences and songs, every 616 words are called pipa xing.
In the evening, I bid farewell to a guest on Xunyang River. Maple leaves and mature rushes rustle in autumn.
I, the host, have dismounted, my guest has boarded his boat, and we raise our cups, hoping to drink-but, alas, there is no music.
Although we drank a lot of wine, we were not happy. When we were leaving each other, the river mysteriously widened in the direction of the full moon.
We heard a sudden sound, a guitar crossed the water, the host forgot to go home and the guests left.
We followed the melody, asked the player's name, and the voice was interrupted ... and then she reluctantly answered.
We moved the boat closer to hers, invited her to join us, and summoned more wine and lanterns to start our party again.
However, before she came to us, we called a thousand times and urged her for a thousand times, but she still hid half of her face behind her guitar from us.
... she turned the tuning pin and tested several strings, and even before she played, we could feel her feelings.
Every string is a kind of meditation, and every note is a kind of deep thinking, as if she were telling us the pain of her life.
She frowned, bent her fingers, and then started her music, letting her heart share everything with us bit by bit.
She brushes the strings, twists them slowly, sweeps them and plucks them, first "Nishang" and then "Six Yao". (Six Works: Green Waist)
Big strings hum like rain, and small strings whisper like secrets.
Humming, whispering-and then mixing together, like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade.
Between Guan Ying's words, the bottom of the flower is slippery, so you can't swallow the spring scenery and flow under the ice.
The ice spring is cold and astringent, and the strings condense, and the condensation will never stop. (Take a short break: take a gradual break)
The depth of sadness and the hiding of sadness are more told in silence than in voice.
A silver vase suddenly burst, pouring out a stream of water, jumping out of the conflict and blow between armored horses and weapons.
Before she put down the pick, her stroke was over, and all four strings made a sound, just like tearing silk.
The east ship was silent, and the west ship was silent. We saw the white autumn moon entering the river.
She tied it thoughtfully on the rope, stood up and smoothed her clothes, serious and polite.
Tell us how she spent her girlhood in the capital and lived in her parents' house in Toad Hill.
She mastered the guitar at the age of thirteen, and her name ranked first in the list of musicians.
Her art even attracted the appreciation of experts, and her beauty attracted the envy of all major dancers. (take a job: v)
How did the aristocratic youths in Wuling compete generously? Countless red silks were given to a song.
The silver comb inlaid with shells was broken by her rhythm, and the bloody skirt was stained with wine. (silver grate: cloud grate)
Season after season, joy followed, and neither the autumn moon nor the spring breeze attracted her attention.
Until her brother went to war, and then her aunt died, and the night passed, and the night came, and her beauty disappeared.
Lengma was at the door, so at last she gave her wife to a businessman.
Who, first of all, stole money, accidentally left her and went to Fuliang to buy tea a month ago.
She has been taking care of an empty boat in the estuary, with no companions except the bright moon and cold water.
Sometimes in the middle of the night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears.
Her first guitar note made me sigh. Now, after listening to her story, I feel even sadder.
We were all unhappy until the end of the day, when we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? !
A year ago, I left the capital and came here. Now I am a sick Jiujiang exile.
Jiujiang is so far away that I haven't heard music, neither strings nor bamboo sounds for a whole year.
My residence is near the town by the river, low and humid, and the house is surrounded by bitter reeds and yellow rushes.
What can you hear here in the morning and evening? ? The cuckoo's bleeding cry, the ape's sobbing.
I often pick up the wine and drink it alone in the spring morning with flowers and the autumn night with moonlight shining.
Of course, there are folk songs and bagpipes in the village, but they are rough and harsh, and they are harsh in my ears.
Tonight, when I heard you playing the guitar, I felt that my hearing was illuminated by wonderful music.
Don't leave us. Come, sit down. Play it for us again. Translate the travel notes of pipa for you.
... she was moved by my words, stood there for a while, and then sat down to play her strings-they sounded even sadder.
Although the tune was different from what she had played before, all the listeners covered their faces.
But which of them cried the most? ? This Jiujiang official. My blue sleeves are wet.
-translation of works.
In the tenth year of Yuanhe, he was demoted to Sima of Jiujiang County. The following autumn, I went to Songpukou to see Fujian off. At night, I heard a woman on the neighboring ship playing the lute, carefully examining the sound, which was quite Beijing-like. I asked her about her history. She used to be a musician in Chang 'an. She used to learn pipa skills from famous pipa players Mu and Cao. Later, when she was old, she married a businessman. So I ordered the wine to be set and let her play some music to her heart's content. After the performance, she looked sad and told the happy past when she was young, but now she is wandering and haggard, wandering between rivers and lakes. I have been a local official for two years, and my mood has always been very peaceful. However, her words touched me, and I felt exiled that night. So I wrote this seven-character song, sang it and gave it to her. A word * * * 6 16, entitled Pipa.
In the evening, I went to Xunyang River to see the guests off, and the maple reeds were rustled by the autumn wind.
My guests and I dismounted from the boat to bid farewell and drank useless music.
If you don't drink well, it will be even sadder. When we left, there was a Leng Yue in the boundless river.
Suddenly I heard the sound of pipa from the river; I forgot to return, and the guests didn't want to leave.
Find the sound source and ask who is playing the pipa. Pipa stopped for a long time, but it was still silent.
We moved the boat closer, invited her out to meet us, and asked the servants to add more wine to rekindle the banquet.
It was a long time before she came out slowly, holding the pipa in her arms and covering her face.
She turned the piano shaft tightly, plucked the strings and tried to play a few times, but before playing it into a tune, she had feelings first.
The sad voice of the strings suggests meditation, as if telling her life's unhappiness.
She kept her brow down and played slowly and continuously, pouring out endless sadness in her heart.
Close it gently, twist it slowly, wipe it, pick it, and play "Colorful Feather" first, then "Liuyao".
The voice of the big string is heavy and heavy, like a storm, and the small string is light and quiet, eager and fine, like people whispering.
Noise and tangles play alternately, just like pearls, big and small, falling off the jade plate one by one.
For a while, it is like a flowering oriole singing tactfully and smoothly, and for a while, it is like spring water flowing under the ice.
It seems that the cold and astringent pipa sound of the ice spring began to condense, and the condensed but unsmooth sound gradually stopped.
It seems that another kind of sadness and hatred is secretly breeding. At this time, the sound is more moving than the sound.
Suddenly, the pipa sounded suddenly high, like a silver bottle bursting and water rushing; It's like playing a team of fighters, whistling with swords and guns.
At the end of the song, the plectrum crossed from the middle of the strings, and the four strings roared as if tearing the cloth.
It turns out that boats and cruise ships in the east and west are very quiet, and only the autumn moon reflected in the middle of the river is white.
She thoughtfully put the pick away and inserted it on the strings; Then tidy up your clothes, get up and stand, and converge your facial expressions (sadness and resentment when you think deeply).
She said that she is a famous singer in Beijing, and her hometown is in Ling Ran, southeast of Chang 'an.
At the age of thirteen, he learned to play the pipa, and his name was registered in the first part of Jiao Fang Philharmonic Orchestra.
Every time I perform, I marvel at the master of art, and every time I make up Chengdu, I envy my fellow singers.
All the rich children in Beijing are vying to give me a reward. Whenever a song is played, I don't know how many colored silks to give.
The beat of the silver grate at the bridgehead is often broken and scattered, and the red skirt is stained with wine without regret.
Year after year, I spent my time laughing and playing, and the good times of autumn and spring were wasted.
Jiao Fang's brothers joined the army, and the aunt in charge died. I am old and faded in the past.
Cars and horses in front of the door reduce diners, and you have to marry a businessman when you are old.
The businessman only pays attention to profit, but despises parting. Last month, he went to Fuliang to buy tea and handle the goods.
He left, leaving me alone at the mouth of the river. Moonlight around the boat Bai Rushuang, the river is so cold.
I often dream of having fun as a teenager in the middle of the night, and I wake up crying in my dream and stain my face.
I shook my head and sighed when I heard the pipa, and it was even more embarrassing to hear her speak.
They are also poor people who are reduced to the end of the world. Why do you ask if you have met when you meet today?
I have been ill since I left the prosperous capital Chang 'an last year and was demoted to live by Xunyang River.
Xunyang is a desolate and remote place. There is no music, and you can't hear the orchestra all the year round.
Living near Ganjiang River, low-lying and humid, around the yard, try to plant some Huang Wei and bitter bamboo.
What can you hear here sooner or later? Full of sad cries of cuckoo apes.
The riverside flowers are as beautiful as a moonlit night in Qiu Jiang, so there is no alternative but to drink wine alone.
Are there no folk songs and village flutes here? It's just hoarse and harsh.
Listening to the music you play with the pipa tonight is like listening to the fairy sound in the sky, and my ears suddenly become open.
Please don't refuse to sit down and play another song. I want to write a new poem "Pipa" for you.
Moved by my words, she stood for a long time, turned and sat down, and then tightened the strings to dial an urgent tone.
It's so sad, it's not as monotonous as when it was first played. People here are hard of hearing and have been crying.
Which of you shed the most tears? Jiangzhou Sima's blue shirt has been soaked with tears!
-related instructions.
Yu: I am the same as Yu.
Move to the left: demote an official, demote. The ancient left is inferior, so it is called "moving left".
Next year: the second year.
Collision sound: describes the sound made by metal, jade, etc.
Kyoto tone: refers to the musical tone popular in the capital of Tang Dynasty.
Advocating women: singing girls. Advocate, ancient song and dance artist.
Good talent: at that time, it was a general term for Pipa master or Qufu master. It means "expert".
Commitment: commitment, here refers to marriage.
Do sth.
Jia (G incarnation) is a businessman.
Order wine: ask (one's men) to set the wine.
Quick: carefree.
Pity: melancholy eyes.
Drifting: drifting and falling.
Official: (Beijing official) transferred.
Calm down: indifferent and quiet.
Demotion or exile.
Pro: Creation.
Long sentence: refers to seven-character verse.
Song: Write a song.
Fan: All the time.
Text: Text.
Life: naming, title.
Xunyang River: Wanli Yangtze River flows through the north of Jiujiang, Jiangxi. Because Jiujiang was called Xunyang in ancient times, it is also called Xunyang River.
Whispering: Describe the sound of maple reeds being blown by autumn wind.
Host: The poet refers to himself.
Turn off the light: Turn on the light again. X: Here we go again.
Rotating shaft plucking: twisting the chord shaft and plucking the chord wire. This refers to tuning the strings and correcting the sound.
Depression: low voice.
Thinking: I am deeply touched.
Letter hand: handy.
Continuous play: continuous play.
Close: Fasten the rope. Twisting: the act of kneading strings. Wipe: dial it conveniently. Pick: the act of returning the ball backhand
"Nishang": namely "colorful feather", originally a western region music and dance, was voiced by Yang Yige in the Kaiyuan period of Tang Dynasty, and then flowed into the Central Plains.
Liu Yao: The title of Daqu, also known as Xerox, Green Waist and Luyao, is a kind of dance music.
Major chord: refers to the thickest chord.
Noisy: The voice is heavy and deep.
Minor chord: refers to the thinnest chord.
Keenness: subtlety promotes quietness, longing and subtlety.
Customs room: Yu Ying is called "Customs room". Birds sing.
Pharyngalgia: Obstruction is not smooth.
Difficult under the ice: the spring flow is blocked under the ice, which describes the music changing from smooth to cold.
Freeze: freeze.
Burst: sputtering.
End of song: end of music.
Plucking: A plucking tool used when playing strings.
Draw carefully: crossing four strings in the middle of the pipa with a pick is a right-handed technique, which is often used at the end of a song.
Ship: Ship.
Convergence: the convergence of facial expressions (deep resentment when thinking deeply).
Shrimp (há) Frog Mausoleum: Located in the southeast of Chang 'an, near Qujiang, it was a famous amusement area at that time.
Jiao Fang: The official organization in charge of conducting musical acrobatics and directing songs and dances in the Tang Dynasty.
Qiu Niang: the common name of song and dance prostitutes in Tang Dynasty.
Five Mausoleums: Outside Chang 'an, the tomb of five emperors in Han Dynasty.
Tie the head: send brocade, silk and other gifts to cabaret prostitutes.
Tulle: Thin and light silk.
Diàn silver comb (b √): This refers to the comb-shaped hair accessories embedded with flowers.
Clap your hands: beat the time.
Color reason: appearance aging.
Floating beam: the name of ancient county, which belonged to Raozhou in the Tang Dynasty. Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province is rich in tea.
Come and go: after leaving.
Dream crying makeup tears: crying in the dream, tears sprinkled on the face that has been evenly powdered.
Dry: the appearance of vertical and horizontal disorder.
Weight: again, weight and meaning.
Haw: Sigh.
Hum and ridicule: describe the noise of sound.
Pipa: Pipa sound, music played by pipa.
Temporary: suddenly.
Sit: Go back to the original place.
Speed up the rope: twist the rope tighter.
Turn: More and more.
Forward sound: just played monotonously.
Hide your face and cry.
Blue shirt: the dress color of civil servants in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, Bai Juyi was an assistant minister, so he took the blue shirt.
-Creative background.
In the 10th year of Yuanhe (AD 8 15), in June, the forces of the Tang Dynasty sent assassins to stab the prime minister Wu and the suggestion Pei Du at the head of Chang 'an Street. Therefore, the forces of the buffer region further demanded the removal of Pei Du, so as to stabilize the buffer region's "anti-frontier" heart. Bai Juyi advocated severely punishing the murderer, which was suspected of "exceeding authority"; Moreover, Bai Juyi often wrote allegorical poems, which offended the powerful people in the DPRK, so he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. Sima is the assistant of the secretariat. In the mid-Tang Dynasty, the placement of "criminal" officials was a disguised distribution. This incident had a great influence on Bai Juyi and was a turning point in his ideological transformation. Since then, his early fighting spirit has gradually worn away and his negative emotions have increased. In the autumn of the 11th year of Yuanhe (AD 8 16), Bai Juyi was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima for two years. He saw off guests in Jiangtou, Xunyang, and met a singer who was abandoned in his youth because of his artistic skills. She was unhappy, and combined with her professional experience, she wrote this famous Pipa Line (the original Pipa Line Preface) in the form of singing.
-Appreciation of works.
This is a famous masterpiece of realism. The full text takes the characters as clues, not only writing the life experience of the pipa girl, but also writing the poet's feelings, and then meeting in the sentence "We are both unhappy-to the end of the day". The singer's tragic experience is very specific and can be regarded as a bright line; The poet's feelings permeate between the lines, and with the constant changes of the music played by the pipa girl and her life experience, it can be regarded as a dark line. This one is bright and dark, one is real and one is empty, which makes the plot ups and downs. The story it tells is tortuous and touching, and the emotion it expresses can arouse people's voices. The language is beautiful but not flashy, refined but not obscure, the content is close to life and has a wide range of sociality, elegance and popularity.
The first part is about seeing Fujian crossing the river and suddenly hearing the sound of pipa, in order to explain it to the pipa girl.
From "I saw the guests off on Xunyang River in the dead of night" to "I still hid half my face behind her guitar so that we couldn't see it", I described my regret that there was no music at the farewell party, invited businessmen to play the pipa, described the timbre of the pipa in detail, and tried to shape the image of the pipa girl. The first sentence, "I see a guest off at night in Xunyang River", is only seven words, which roughly introduces the people (host and guests), the place (head of Xunyang River), the event (host sees a guest off) and the time (night); With the phrase "Maple leaves and mature rushes rustle in autumn" to dye the environment, the bleak feeling of farewell to Fujian in autumn night has spread. But it's bleak and lonely, so it starts from "We raise our glasses and hope to drink-but, alas, there is no music". The word "without orchestral strings" not only echoed the later phrase "without strings or bamboo for a whole year", but also paved the way for the appearance and performance of pipa girls. Because the foreshadowing of "No strings" and "We are unhappy after drinking all, and we are leaving" is very strong, then "When the river mysteriously widens to the full moon" is used as an environment for baking and dyeing, which constitutes a strong sense of depression, and makes "We heard a sudden sound and a guitar crossed the water" have a strong hollow footstep to prepare for the sudden change below. From Autumn's Bleak, No Chord and Farewell at Night to Sudden Smell, Sounding for Sound, Quietly Asking, Moving Boat, to Inviting to See, it can be said to be "yet we called and urged a thousand times before she started toward us". But "inviting to meet" is not so easy. It takes a long-awaited process before she will "come out". It's not that she cares about identity Just like "I" is eager to listen to Yue Xian's pipa, it is "eager to write the hatred of the end of the world", but she is "but we called it a thousand times before she set off for us", because she is full of "the hatred of the end of the world", so it is inconvenient to say it and she doesn't want to see anyone. Because of this, the poet used the voice to cut off the portrait ... Then, she reluctantly answered, still hiding half of her face behind the guitar from us to express her indescribable pain. The description of this pipa girl's appearance is vivid and touching. She didn't see the pipa before she heard it, and her inner pain was slightly revealed before she heard it, which caused many suspense for the development of the next story.
The second part describes the pipa girl and the pipa music she plays, and reveals the inner world of the pipa girl concretely and vividly.
Pipa girl is "yet we called and urged a thousand times before she started toward us" because of "frustration in life". Through the description of pipa timbre, she shows her superb playing skills. Tap the string (close) with your fingers, knead the string (twist) with your fingers, dial (wipe) conveniently, and dial back (pick) backhand, which is skillful and natural. Thick strings are heavy and majestic "like showers", thin strings are as thin as whispers, and crisp and round as beads falling on a jade plate, which are also described from the perspective of vision and hearing. During the performance of "Nishang" and "Liu Yao", there are always six sentences of "thinking on each string, thinking on each tone", which are described by "She frowned, stretched out her fingers, and then began to play" and "She brushed the strings, twisted them slowly, swept them and plucked them", and "She seemed to tell us about her life's pain" and ". In the following fourteen sentences, when copying music with the help of the phonology of language, various vivid metaphors are used to enhance its vividness. The big string is like rain, which not only uses the overlapping word "noisy" to describe the sound, but also uses "like a downpour" to visualize it. The same is true of "whispering as a secret". That's not enough. "Humming, whispering-and then mixing together" reproduces the interlaced features of two melodies, such as "like a shower" and "like a whisper". If we use the metaphor of "like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade", the visual image and auditory image will be exposed at the same time, which is dazzling and dazzling. The melody is constantly changing, and there are two artistic conceptions: first "slippery" and then "astringent". "Off-site" sound is light and smooth, which is like "flower bottom", and the beauty of visual image strengthens the beauty of auditory image. The sound of "choking" is sad and choked, which is like "flowing under the ice" The coldness of visual image intensifies the coldness of auditory image. From "indifference" to "silence" is a process of "silence". The poet's quatrains of "Going into mourning and hiding deeply, silence is better than sound" describe the artistic realm with lingering sound and endless meaning, which is amazing. At this point, I thought it was over. Who knows that "sadness and dark hatred" has accumulated infinite power in the process of "the voice gradually subsided" and cannot be suppressed. In the end, just like the "silver bottle bursting", the water slurry burst, and like the "iron horse standing out", the sword roared and suddenly pushed the undercurrent of "Ningjue" to a climax. It was only at the climax that I received a painting and came to an abrupt end. Although the song is over, the soul-stirring and soul-stirring musical charm has not disappeared. The poet takes the environmental description of "the east boat is quiet, the west is quiet, and we see the white autumn moon entering the heart of the river" as the side lining, leaving readers with a broad space with lingering charm.
The third part writes the story of pipa girl.
From "meditation" to "being awakened from a dream by her hot tears": The poet tells the life story on behalf of the merchant woman, and the experience from the girl to the merchant woman is like the agitation and silence of the pipa. Just like after the invitation, the details of playing the pipa were omitted; After the song, the inquiry about life experience was also omitted, and two sentences describing the portrait were used to transition to "soliloquy": the expression of "thoughtful" was obviously related to the inquiry, reflecting the contradiction between her inner desire to talk and rest; A series of actions and expressions such as "letting go", "inserting strings", "tidying clothes", "getting up" and "smoothing her face" show her psychological activities of overcoming contradictions and freeing her mind from her chest. After soliloquy, I wrote a gripping elegy for the pipa girl's half-life experience in a lyrical style of resentment, admiration and tears, which complemented the music of Let Her Heart Share Everything with Our Heart Little by Little, and completed the image-building of the heroine. The image of the heroine is extremely vivid and true, and it is very typical. Through this image, the tragic fate of musicians and artists who were insulted and damaged in feudal society was deeply reflected.
The fourth part is the poet's deep feelings.
From "her first guitar note made me sigh" to "this Jiujiang official" at last. My blue sleeves are wet ",the poet's twenty-six sentences are the fourth paragraph. After the poet demoted Jiujiang, he felt lonely, felt his own life experience and expressed his sympathy for the pipa girl. Both the poet and the pipa girl have fallen from the prosperous capital to this remote place. The poet's sympathy is full of sighs for his own misfortune, and the pipa sound of "complaining about life and failing to achieve" also tells the poet's grievances. Excited by the fate of the pipa girl, the poet sighed, "We are all unhappy-forever and ever, we meet. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " And expressed the feeling of being in the same boat. Poetry is lively, step by step, dotted everywhere. Strong feelings, tears of the lost through the ages, also triggered an opportunity of love at first sight for the lost through the ages.
This poem reveals the unreasonable phenomena such as bureaucratic corruption, the decline of people's livelihood and the burying of talents in feudal society by describing the superb playing skills and unfortunate experiences of the pipa girl, expressing the poet's deep sympathy for her and the poet's resentment at her innocent demotion.
This poem is very artistic.
First, he combined the singer and the singer's thoughts and feelings, saying that you are talking about me and I am talking about you. Fates are the same and closely related. After the lute girls narrated their life experiences, the poet thought that they were "neither of us is happy-forever old"; After the poet told her life story, the pipa girl was "... moved by what I said, and she stood there for a while". After the pipa girl played another song, the poet was even more "this Jiujiang official. My blue sleeves are wet. " Intimate friends are touching everywhere, and there is love everywhere.
Secondly, the technique of writing scenery and music in the poem is superb, closely combined with writing life experiences and expressing sadness, and the atmosphere is consistent, so that the work is immersed in a sad and sad atmosphere from beginning to end.
Thirdly, the language of the work is vivid, strong in generalization and simple and flexible, so the whole poem is well-known and easy to recite. For example, "However, before she came to us, we called for it a thousand times and urged it a thousand times, but she still hid half of her face behind her guitar from us"; "Don't feel dark and hate life, and speak more in silence than in voice"; There were fewer and fewer chariots and horses in front of the door, and finally she married herself to a businessman. Sometimes in the middle of the night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears; "We are not happy-until the end of the day, we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " , and so on are beautiful and moving sentences!
-About the author-
Bai Juyi (772-846), a native of Xinzheng, Henan Province, was born in Taiyuan, Lotte, Xiangshan, and drunk. He was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty and one of the three great poets in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen * * * advocated the new Yuefu movement, and together with Liu Yuxi, they called the world "Bai Yuan" and "Bai Liu". Bai Juyi's poems have a wide range of themes, diverse forms and simple and popular language, and are known as "the poet's magic" and "the king of poets". Official to Hanlin bachelor, Zuo Zanshan doctor. In 846 AD, Bai Juyi died in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan. Up to now, there are Bai's "Changqing Collection", and the representative works include Song of Eternal Sorrow, Charcoal Man, Pipa Travel and so on.