In Ming Dynasty, Ye's Annals of Grass and Trees recorded that the Yuan Dynasty emperor opened a landslide, "using two pieces of wood, hollowing it out, putting the human body into a coffin ... and drawing it, and then putting three rings (two hoops and a middle hoop)". Then, dig a deep ditch and bury it together. "Ten thousand Ma Ping." Kill camels on it and ride thousands of them. When the grass grows next year, the registered permanent residence will be moved away. I hope it is flat, but people don't know. "
This is how Genghis Khan was buried when he died. According to the notes of scholars in the Southern Song Dynasty, after Genghis Khan died in Ningxia, his body was transported to a place under the Kent Mountain in Mobei, and a deep pit was dug on the surface for a dense burial. His body was kept in a wooden coffin made by hollowing out the middle of a big tree. After the coffin is buried, backfill the soil, and then "Wan Ma Pingchuan". In order not to let outsiders see the ground-breaking traces, tents should be used around the Ma Pingchuan. When the grass grows on the ground of the tomb, it is no different from the surrounding grass, and the tent will be removed, so that the location of the tomb will not be revealed.
After the whole work was completed, the Mongols killed a small camel on the surface of the tomb. At this time, the female camel accompanying the young camel will howl sadly and remember the position. The next year, when she came to sacrifice, she brought this female camel. Where she killed the baby camel, the mother camel would cry sadly. In this way, people who come to sacrifice can find the exact location of the tomb.
Mongols are a clever people. They not only used force, but also used a high degree of wisdom to establish the largest country in the world at that time. The argument of finding ancestral graves by camels is an absurd argument based on the discrimination and exclusion of Mongolian by Han rulers in feudal times. Camel is a kind of domestic animal, and its life span will not be longer than that of human beings. It is not credible to find a grave by camel.
Before the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolians had their own unique funeral customs, which were characterized by thin burial and simple burial style. Mongols are nomadic people living on the grassland. They have no fixed place to live and their lifestyle is relatively simple and practical. Especially in the war years when the Mongols expanded on a large scale, the funeral ceremony was particularly simple. When they were buried, they sat the deceased in the center of a tent used before his death, surrounded by worshippers praying, horses, bows and arrows, tables with meat and milk, and finally put them underground. The purpose is that when the deceased lives in another world, they have tents to live in, horses to ride, meat and milk to eat.
After Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty, he implemented the Han method, and was gradually influenced by the funeral customs of the Han nationality, and began to use coffins for burial, but the coffins used were different from those of the Han nationality. After the death of the deceased, the two coffins were connected to form a log and then "nailed together with iron bars". Although they entered the Central Plains, the Mongols were still frugal when they died. Shrouds are usually worn clothes, and there are fewer items buried with them. Most of them are the weapons that the deceased liked before his death, such as bows and arrows, swords and the like.
However, the royal family in the Yuan Dynasty, especially after the death of the emperor, was slightly different from the general royal family and nobles. After the death of the emperor, there should be a burial ceremony first, and there should be more funerary objects. Only the emperor is buried, Han officials are not allowed to participate, and large buildings will not be built on the ground. There are no merit archways and tombstones. Everything seems so simple. In addition, in order not to leave clues and traces that can be found by grave robbers, the historical records of the emperor's burial place in the Yuan Dynasty are also pitiful, so that people feel that there is no tomb of the emperor in the Yuan Dynasty.
During the reign of Kublai Khan in the Yuan Dynasty, he found a way for himself and his descendants not to be robbed. Because of this, he made careful arrangements for the mausoleum of the Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty: he chose a sparsely populated land of geomantic omen as the burial place of the mausoleum, and then moved all the local population away, making this place an unknown blank. At the time of burial, Han officials are not allowed to attend the funeral ceremony of the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty or to reach the burial place. After the death of the emperor, it was announced that the emperor's body was transported back to Mobei for burial, and it was recorded in historical records to achieve the purpose of confusing the real with the fake, so that grave robbers could not start; There are not many buildings, too many funerary objects and tombstones in the mausoleum, which makes the appearance of the mausoleum look no different from that of ordinary tombs; When recording the emperor's mausoleum, only the clear place names of Mongolian nobles and royalty are recorded, and it is difficult for outsiders to detect that everything is a well-planned scam.
Incomplete records and intentional fabrications have made the Yuan Dynasty, a dynasty other than the Han nationality, more and more shrouded in mystery. In addition, many unique cultural customs and living habits of Mongolians are unknown to the outside world, which makes it difficult for future generations to understand the truth of history. This may be the reason why the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty did not have a mausoleum. Not without, but without.