The spacewalk during Shenzhou VII requires higher assessment of astronauts. Because the pressure in the spacesuit is lower than normal, it may release nitrogen in human tissues and form air embolism in blood vessels, leading to decompression sickness and even endangering people's lives. Therefore, after the astronauts put on the spacesuit, they must fully absorb the oxygen in the airlock, assist the working astronauts to return to the inner cabin (i.e. the orbital module), close the inner door, and then the airlock begins to decompress to vacuum, which is consistent with the vacuum state outside the spacecraft. At this time, the astronauts can leave the cabin. When returning to the cabin after completing the mission of leaving the cabin, it is necessary to decompress the spacesuit to a certain extent, and then inflate the airlock.
"Astronaut extravehicular activity is a difficult and high-risk activity." According to experts, the spacewalk of Shenzhou VII requires astronauts to do full experiments and training on the ground, and the ground training is generally carried out in a neutral pool with certain requirements for specific gravity. This kind of pool is usually built in a large test room. There is a spaceship in the pool, which uses the buoyancy of water to simulate the weightlessness in space. Then the astronauts trained in the pool for entry and exit operations.
Experts say that "Shenzhou VII" will have several necessary conditions for astronauts to walk in space. First of all, it will provide the environment and conditions for astronauts to live and work outside the cabin, the most important of which is the extravehicular spacesuit, which has many functions such as meteor prevention, vacuum heat insulation and shielding, air tightness, pressure maintenance, ventilation and temperature regulation. The gloves of the spacesuit are both sealed and elastic, and the helmet is transparent and sealed. Secondly, the extravehicular backpack has a control system and a communication system, and the control system is equipped with a jet device, so that the astronauts can control the walking direction. It is reported that space suits and backpacks are complex in structure, technically difficult and expensive. A set of spacesuits produced in the United States is about $65,438 +0.5 million. Third, of course, there must be astronauts with skilled technical operation, good health and stable psychological quality.
In order to adapt to the vacuum environment, "Shenzhou VII" spacesuit is much better than "Shenzhou VI" in air tightness, communication, excretion, communication, power supply and movable joints.
At the time of "Shenzhou 5", China's manned space flight was only an assessment of a person going into space one day. At that time, Yang Liwei only stayed in the return module, and the door of the orbital module was closed. Although "Shenzhou VI" is almost the same as "Shenzhou V" in appearance, the difference is that two astronauts will enter the orbital module from the return module and engage in multi-person and multi-day space flight procedures. Experts made an image metaphor, "Two astronauts are active in' one room, one living room'. Speaking of Shenzhou VII, astronauts will not only move in the "one room and one living room", but also walk out of the "living room" and walk in space through the window on the side of the orbital module. Shenzhou VII has higher requirements for astronauts' life support system, extravehicular equipment and structural air tightness, so Shenzhou VII will be obviously different from Shenzhou VI in appearance and related systems will be different.
Usually, after the spacecraft is launched into space, astronauts will make adaptive preparations in the airlock room for 2-3 hours before leaving the cabin. They will wear extravehicular spacesuits, carry backpacks and carry supplies in the airlock. The spacesuit worn by astronauts who walk in space is huge, and the weight on the ground reaches 125 kg, which is not as easy as wearing a hat on the ground. It can only be put on with the help of other astronauts. "So, there will be at least two astronauts on Shenzhou VII, so that we can cooperate with each other. As for how many people will leave the cabin, it is uncertain. It is estimated that a person walks in space. "
Shenzhou VII will have three astronauts, one will walk out of the cabin, one will meet in the orbital module, and there will be people in the return module. Extravehicular activities will include walking, operating, screwing and other installation equipment to prepare for the establishment of a space station in the future.
China will carry out the Shenzhou VII manned space mission in the second half of this year. At present, all preparations are proceeding as planned. It is reported that the "Shenzhou VII" flight will achieve a number of major technological breakthroughs. First of all, the number of astronauts will increase to three; Second, it will realize the first spacewalk of Chinese astronauts; Third, after the spacecraft enters the predetermined orbit, it releases a small satellite (referred to as "companion satellite" in this paper) at the right time, and so on.
What can "companion star" do? According to Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao, the mission of this "companion star" is to take close-up photos of Shenzhou VII flying in orbit with a CCD stereo camera. At that time, we will get the first three-dimensional external photograph of China spacecraft in orbit. This photo, set in space, shows the unique scenery of "Shenzhou VII" running at high speed, and will become a permanent historical witness of the Chinese nation's flying.
Did Shenzhou VII just send a robot "photographer" into space? Ha ha, of course not!
Prior to this, China has successfully launched several small satellites, and the technology of small satellites has reached maturity. Shenzhou VII took its companions into space, which is of even greater significance.
First of all, it is the change in the means of launching small satellites. In the past, China's small satellites were all launched into orbit by launch vehicles; This time, the small satellite was placed at the front end of the Shenzhou VII orbital module. When the spacecraft enters the predetermined orbit, it can be ejected automatically according to the instruction or released manually by the astronauts. The release method is more flexible. Choosing an opportunity means that you can release it when you want.
Secondly, the "companion star" can be used as a reconnaissance satellite. According to Hong Kong media, the companion of Shenzhou VII is equipped with a CCD stereo camera similar to Chang 'e-1, which can take high-definition images on the ground. The "companion star" was released into orbit by "Shenzhou VII" to take photos and reconnaissance of the surface of interest.
Third, "companion star" can be a very terrible space weapon. Can be released by the spacecraft to carry out the task of attacking enemy space targets; It is also the most effective and loyal "bodyguard" of our ship-when the enemy attacks our ship, our ship can release the "companion star" in time and use the weapons it carries to destroy the enemy's attack weapons or perish together with them.
Carrying the expectations of 65.438+0.3 billion people in China and the eyes of the world, the Shenzhou VII manned spacecraft was launched at 265.438+0: 00 on the 25th. This is another miracle that China gave to the world in this extraordinary year of 2008, and it is also another bright light that the Chinese nation's spirit of self-improvement shines.
Just entering 2008, some parts of southern China suffered a rare freezing rain and snow disaster. Under the strong leadership and command of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, we have carried forward the national spirit of self-improvement and overcome difficulties. The disaster has just receded, and the Wenchuan earthquake has brought unprecedented challenges to the whole country and nation. The beautiful homes in the disaster area were instantly destroyed and tens of thousands of compatriots were killed. Many difficulties lie ahead of us. It is the national spirit of self-improvement, which once again makes us stand up the unyielding backbone and write a heroic epic of earthquake relief.
People will never forget it. The burning torch of Beijing Olympic Games and Paralympics lit a lighthouse over the Bird's Nest in Beijing, which made the world feel the splendid civilization of China for 5,000 years, and attracted athletes from more than 200 countries and regions to meet for "one world, one dream". The Olympic spirit of "swifter, higher and stronger" pursued by athletes from all countries has been sublimated in Beijing, which complements the spirit of self-improvement of the Chinese nation and leaves valuable spiritual wealth for the world Olympic movement and the Chinese nation. [www.gwdq.cn Official Documents Collection]
At the moment, the Shenzhou VII manned spacecraft is traveling in space, and the astronauts are ready to take a spacewalk. Every move of the three astronauts always affects the hearts of the people of the whole country, and the pace of exploring the mysteries of the universe attracts the attention of the whole world. The brilliant achievements of China's space industry come from the persistent pursuit and unremitting efforts of several generations of astronauts in China for more than 50 years of self-reliance and hard struggle, and are also the fruitful results of the national spirit and scientific spirit of self-improvement.
From earthquake relief, the successful hosting of the Beijing Olympic Games to the flying of the Seven Gods, the world can always get the same answer from the people of China, whether facing the severe test of natural disasters or the new topics and challenges brought about by the development of human society, that is, the national spirit of self-improvement is the development and innovation that constantly surpasses itself on the basis of the national spirit.
In this golden autumn, in September 2008, the launch horn sounded again. We look forward to the footsteps of China astronauts in the vast space, and Shenzhou VII will shine the new historical coordinates of China space.
The first person in the world who tried to fly in the sky was a China man, a scholar-bureaucrat of the Ming Dynasty more than 600 years ago. He sat in a chair with 47 homemade rockets tied to it, with a big kite in his hand. I want to fly into the sky by rocket thrust, and then land by flying a kite. Although his life turned into a wisp of smoke with the roar, his name was recorded at the starting point of human dream of flying.
600 years later, generations of astronauts in New China have crossed one obstacle after another on their way to the sky, turning the dreams of their ancestors into reality. Every gorgeous take-off holds up the flying dream of the Chinese nation.
The reason why take-off is magnificent is that the implementation process is extremely difficult.
Looking back on the space road of new China, when other countries have entered the space age, our country has just been born 10.
At that time, there were no large computers, so handheld computers were used. Without a desk, with the faint candlelight and flashlight, I knelt on the ground to draw ... "I long for gritty rice, and I long for bitter water." General Zhang Aiping described the "Two Bombs" R&D base in the northwest.
In this way, the older generation of astronauts created breakthroughs in atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs and artificial satellites, laying the foundation stone for realizing the dream of flying. That passionate sixties and seventies forged our own "two bombs and one satellite"!
Developed countries in space have made greater progress than China. 196 1 In April, "Dongfang 1" carried 27-year-old former Soviet Air Force Major Gagarin for 0/08 minutes, which was the first manned space flight in human history. Twenty-three days later, the United States also sent astronauts into space.
Therefore, when China successfully launched the first man-made earth satellite, Dongfanghong, on April 24th 1970, the music of Dongfanghong resounded all over the world, announcing that China had also entered the space age. People all over the country are very excited and enthusiastic!
However, no matter the economic base or the level of industrial design and manufacturing, China at that time was far from qualified for manned space flight.
We must face up to the fact that a country with weak national strength cannot support a space power! In the reform and opening up, the increasingly powerful Republic of China is also accumulating the power to achieve flying.
Space technology and space exploration are important symbols to measure a country's comprehensive national strength and have a strategic impact on a country's political, economic, military and scientific and technological development. In order to firmly grasp the initiative in the fierce international competition, 1992, the CPC Central Committee decisively launched the manned space project, announcing to the world the clarion call for China people to March into the most challenging field of space science and technology.
From now on, move on! Forward! Forward! The world has heard the footsteps of Chinese astronauts, and they are determined to catch up.
From then on, fly! Fly! Fly! Chinese astronauts have made magnificent trips in space again and again.
On the desolate Gobi desert, the space city towering into the sky;
The vast grassland echoed with the heroism and passion of shenzhou spaceship's six triumphs. ...
In more than ten years, China people have achieved a leap beyond other countries for decades: China has not only become the third country in the world to independently master manned space technology, but also the third country in the world to independently conduct manned space science experiments.
"No matter who goes to heaven-whether it's me for the first time or Long Jun and Haisheng this time, we all go to heaven together." This is Yang Liwei's sincere expression after the successful launch of Shenzhou VI.
From God to Shenzhou VI, from nobody to someone, from one day to many days ... The change of numbers marks a big step forward for manned space flight.
It is China astronauts who have created brilliant practices for our country and nation.