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About the author:
Su Shi (1037 ~110/) was born in Meishan, Northern Song Dynasty. He is a famous writer, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. He is knowledgeable and versatile, and has high attainments in calligraphy, painting, poetry and prose. His calligraphy is called "Song Sijia" with Cai Xiang, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fei; He is good at painting bamboo and strange stones, and also has outstanding opinions on painting theory and calligraphy theory. He is a literary leader after Ouyang Xiu in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his prose is as famous as Ouyang Xiu. Poetry is like the name of Huang Tingjian; His words are magnificent and bold, and his words are graceful and restrained. Known as "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty, * * * is an uninhibited poet.
"Water" says: "There is Shi Zhongshan at the mouth of Poyang Lake." Li Daoyuan believes that under the Shi Zhongshan near the deep pool, the breeze vibrates the waves, and the water collides with the stone, making a sound like Hong Zhong. This statement is often doubted. If the bell rings in the water, even strong wind and waves can't make it sound, and it is a stone! It was not until the Tang Dynasty that Rip began to pay tribute to the remains that he got two stones on the pool and listened to them. The voice in the south sounded Hu, the voice in the north was crisp, the sound stopped and the aftertaste rested. I think I understand. He thinks he has found the reason for Shi Zhongshan. There is a loud voice in the stone, which is everywhere, only named after the clock. Why?
In June of the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Ding Chou, Yu, An, and Shi You, the eldest son, Mai, will go to Dexing and send him to Hukou because he can see the so-called stone clock. At the beginning of June in Genpox seven years, I went to Linru by boat from Decision. When I arrived in Linru, my eldest Ision Su Mai was about to take office in Dexing County, and I sent him to Hukou, so that I could meet the man named Shi Zhongshan. Gu Yu smiled and didn't believe it. At dusk, take a boat alone and reach the cliff. Thousands of feet stand on the side of the boulder, like beasts and ghosts, eager to compete for people, and the stork on the mountain is also startled by the voice of people. Others said, "This stork is also a crane." I was scared to retreat, and suddenly there was a loud voice on the water, which was as clear as a ringing drum. The boatman was very afraid. I slowly observed that the mountains were full of caves and crevices, and I don't know how deep they were. Small surges came in and the waves stirred. The ship returned to the two mountains and entered the port. There are big stones flowing in it, which can seat 100 people. The air is full of tricks, feng shui and muffled cymbals, which correspond to squatting people. Because he smiled, he said, "What do you know? If stunned, Zhou didn't shoot; Wei Zhuangzi's songs are also bells. Ancient people are not good at bullying! "
You don't have to look at anything with your eyes or listen to it with your ears. Can you just guess whether it exists or not by subjective assumptions? What Li Yuan saw and heard was almost the same as that of Yu Tong, but it was unknown. The scholar-officials refused to spend the night on the boat under the cliff, so they didn't know; Fishermen and navies can't talk when they know it. This is why there is no such name as Shi Zhongshan in the world. However, shallow people beat stones with axes to find out why Shi Zhongshan was named, because they thought they were named after the truth. So I wrote down the past, lamented the simplicity of Li Daoyuan, and laughed at Li Bo's shallowness.
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The Water Classic Note says: "There is Shi Zhongshan at the mouth of Poyang Lake." Li Daoyuan believes that the mountain faces the deep pool, and when the breeze makes waves, water and stones collide and make a sound like a big clock. People often doubt this statement. Now put the clock and Qing in the water, even the storm can't make it sound, let alone the stone. Until the Tang Dynasty, Rip searched for his remains, found two rocks by the pond, and knocked at the door to listen to his voice. The sound of rocks in the south is heavy and vague, while the sound of rocks in the north is crisp and loud. After the beating of the drumstick stopped, the sound was still spreading and the lingering sound slowly disappeared. He thinks he has found the reason why Shi Zhongshan was named. However, I doubt this statement. Stones that jingle. It is everywhere, but only this mountain is named after the clock. Why?
On the day when Yuanfeng was ugly in July, I went to Linru by boat from Qi 'an. It happened that my eldest son, Mai Su, was going to be a county magistrate in Dexing County, Raozhou, and sent him to Hukou, so that I could see this mountain called "Shi Zhongshan". The monk in the temple told the child to take an axe and beat it in one or two places in the middle of the messy stone wall, making a lot of noise. I still smile and don't believe it. In the bright moonlight at night, Michael and I went down the cliff by boat alone. The big stone wall stands sideways, as high as several thousands of feet, like fierce beasts and strange ghosts, and wants to arrest people in a gloomy way; Storks perched on the mountain flew in fear when they heard the sound. They screamed in the sky. There are also old people coughing and laughing in the valley. Someone said, "This is a stork." I'm scared and want to go back. Suddenly, there was a loud sound on the water, and it kept ringing like a drum. The boatman was very afraid. After careful observation, I found that there were caves and cracks in the stones at the foot of the mountain. I don't know its depth, but a slight water wave enters it and collides with it, forming this sound. The boat rowed back to the middle of the two mountains and was about to enter the harbor. There is a big stone in the center of the current, which can seat hundreds of people. The middle is empty and there are many holes. The wind and waves swallowed it and spit it out, making a sonorous sound, echoing the previous sound, just like music playing. So I smiled and said to Michael, "Do you understand? That's Zhou's needleless clock, and that's Wei Zhuangzi's Song Zhong. The ancients did not deceive us! "
Is it possible to infer the existence of a thing subjectively without seeing it with your own eyes or hearing it with your own ears? What Li Daoyuan saw and heard was probably the same as what I saw and heard, but it was not detailed enough; Generally, people who study and are officials are always reluctant to dock at the cliff by boat at night, so no one can know the truth; Fishermen and boatmen, although they know, can't talk with their mouths, but write with pens. This is why this mountain (the real reason for its name) has not been circulated in the world. And humble people actually use axes to find the reason why the clock is named. They think they have got the truth. So I recorded the above situation, lamented the conciseness of Li Daoyuan's narrative and laughed at Li Bo's shallowness.
Content theme
This paper records the author's investigation on the reasons for Shi Zhongshan's name. The narration and discussion in the article are all based on the exploration of the reasons for Shi Zhongshan's name. Zhang Xianzhi first came to the view that "things are not what you hear, but what you can get", and then wrote his own writing intention with the sigh of "sighing the simplicity of Li Yuan and laughing at the ugliness of Li Bozhi".
The full text is divided into three parts. In the first paragraph, I doubt two explanations for the naming of Shi Zhongshan. In the second paragraph, I try to find out the real reason for Shi Zhongshan's naming through field investigation. Belongs to the narrative part. The third paragraph concludes that if something is not seen with your own eyes and heard with your own ears, you can't infer its existence by subjective speculation. This is a discussion section.
Writing method
The structure of The Story of Shi Zhongshan is different from the general wandering prose, which records wandering first and then discusses wandering, but it is discussed first, leads to narration from discussion, and finally ends with discussion. The author launches the full text in three steps: "doubt-investigation-conclusion". The full text echoes from beginning to end, with strict logic and seamless integration. Li Daoyuan's statement was mentioned in the first sentence of this article, and others questioned it. This suspicion is not groundless, but based on the experiment done by Zhong Qing. This paves the way for the two sound sources that the author saw in the second paragraph of the article-caves and boulders, thus giving a sigh that "the ancients were not arrogant." At the end of the article, I once again lamented that what Ethan said was true, but it was too simple for the world to understand. In the first paragraph, the author expressed his "special doubt" about Li Bo's deduction of stones to infer the reason for Shi Zhongshan's name. In the second paragraph, the monk in Zhongsi asked the child to hold an axe and buckle the stone. The author still "laughs but doesn't believe" this verification method. After on-the-spot investigation and getting the truth, in the third paragraph, the author retaliated against the previous article "Laughing at Li Bochou". The full text consists of thinking, feeling, narration, discussion, narration, discussion and lyric, which are interlocking and integrated into one. Persuading people with reason is an eternal chapter.
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I. Introduction to the author:
Su Shi (1037 ~110/) was born in Meishan, Northern Song Dynasty. He is a famous writer, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. He is knowledgeable and versatile, and has high attainments in calligraphy, painting, poetry and prose. His calligraphy is called "Song Sijia" with Cai Xiang, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fei; He is good at painting bamboo and strange stones, and also has outstanding opinions on painting theory and calligraphy theory. He is a literary leader after Ouyang Xiu in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his prose is as famous as Ouyang Xiu. Poetry is like the name of Huang Tingjian; His words are magnificent and bold, and his words are graceful and restrained. Known as "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty, * * * is an uninhibited poet.
Second, supplement the basic knowledge of classical Chinese.
1 Flexible use of parts of speech: A makes it move, such as "Although the wind and waves can't sing." Sing, let it sing. B nouns as verbs: example 1. And this is named by the clock alone. Name, naming. Example 2. Stop ringing. Knock with a drumstick C adjectives as nouns: for example, "stop ringing", ring, ring. D nouns as adverbials: for example, "look and listen". Eyes, eyes, ears, ears.
The different meanings of ancient and modern times: "I think I have" is actually the truth of that matter.
3 usage of Yan: demonstrative pronoun, there, here. Exodus: Absent-minded. Interrogative pronouns, where, how. Example: 1 and how to place earthwork? Nothing ventured, nothing gained. C is also a word, where, where. Ex.: I don't know how shallow and deep microwaves get in. D modal particles, ah, ah. Example: 1, so I don't sigh. If you are happy. The appearance of ... at the end of an adjective or adverb. Example: I am embarrassed.
Third, literary common sense:
Chronological method: (1) chronological method, that is, dry day, * * ten: A, B, C, D, E, G, Xin, Ren, Gui; Branches are earthly branches, * * * Twelve: Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai. A bunch of them are combined with each other to mark the year, every 60 years. (2) Chronology of the Emperor: When the emperor ascended the throne, he had to change the yuan, which was called the first year. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty began to have a year number, and later recorded the year with the year number. For example, Kaiyuan and Tianbao were titles of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty. (3) Chronology of governors, mostly in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. For example, in the sixteenth year of Zhao Huiwen and the thirty-seventh year of Lu, the records were recorded in Yuan, Second and Third ordinal numbers respectively. (4) Chronology of Star Age: Star refers to the old star (Jupiter), and year refers to Tai Sui. It is also divided into chronological method and chronological method. The chronological method is to determine the year according to the position of the chronological star among the twelve stars. From west to east, the names of the twelve stars are: Jixing, Xuanyi, Suan, Loulou, Girder, Stone God, Quail Head, Quail Fire, Quail Tail, Shouxing, Fire and Analysis Wood. Round 12. The direction of the chronology of the prince is opposite to that of the Sui and Xing Dynasties, and the name is more complicated.
Four. Information about Shi Zhongshan.
Shi Zhongshan, located on the south bank of the Yangtze River at the exit of Poyang Lake, belongs to Shuangzhong Town, Hukou County, and is limestone. It is located in Shi Zhongshan, south of the town, and Shi Zhongshan, north of the town, with a relative height of only over 50 meters. There have always been three opinions about the reasons for its naming. (1) The sound of geomantic omen is like a bell. It is considered that the cave under the mountain and the "geomantic omen" ring the bell. Li Daoyuan in the Northern Wei Dynasty and Su Dongpo in the Northern Song Dynasty all hold this view. (2) Stones sound like bells. Because this mountain is limestone, stalactites, stone pillars, stalagmites and so on. You can also pronounce it when you hit it with a mallet. Li Bo in the Tang Dynasty held this view. (3) The mountain shape is like a bell. The Record of Shi Zhongshan records: "There are holes under the Upper Clock Cliff and the Lower Clock Cliff, which can accommodate hundreds of people. They are inexhaustible and bell-shaped. " Yu Yue held this view in Qing Dynasty. He wrote in Notes of Tang Chun: Every winter when the water falls, there is a cave at the foot of the mountain. Walking in, there are exquisite, milky stone-like flowers and pines ... The cave is spacious, and the bypass road can accommodate thousands of people. ..... The word "Fontaine" is engraved on the wall, and there are many small poems, all of which are gratifying. As a cloud said, "I have been drunk for three thousand years, and I am glad that no one knows me." "Thousands of people don't know when to rest, and spring blossoms." No age or name. I don't know who did it. The whole mountain is empty, like a clock. So it got the name of the clock.