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Tencent Reading-Wonders of the World
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Qian Jiangchao, the miracle of the world
Since ancient times, Qian Jiangchao has been called the miracle of the world. Whenever the spring tide comes, the waves are rough and magnificent, and the sound of the tide shakes the ground, such as thousands of troops and horses, and the river rolls, which really tends to "cross the river and destroy the mountains." The tidal head is generally 1-2 meters high, and the highest is more than 5 meters. It pushes upstream at a speed of 5-7 meters per second, sweeping and spectacular. Zhang Yu, a writer in the Ming Dynasty, once wrote such a poem for him: "The Luosha River (Qiantang River) is at the beginning of August, and the mountains and seas are vast. Liu Ao rolled up the Milky Way and Ma Benteng crossed the snow. "
Tidal bore is a natural phenomenon.
Ancient science was backward and could not explain this spectacular natural phenomenon, which was considered as "the entrance and exit of sea urchins" and "the change of dragons". According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Wu Zixu, a general of the State of Wu, was repeatedly persuaded to kill Gou Jian, the king of Yue, and was given a sword by the king of Wu, who whipped him 300 times and threw him into the Qiantang River. Wu's resentment lingered and suddenly turned into a raging storm, seeking revenge on the prince of Wu. Since then, the Qianjiang tide has ebbed and flowed.
The legend of Wu Zixu's irrigation into the Tao is because the ancients could not explain the natural phenomenon of tidal bore, out of sympathy for Wu Zixu. From the perspective of modern science, the ocean tides on the earth are periodic movements formed by the gravitational force of celestial bodies (mainly the moon and the earth) and the centrifugal force generated by the earth's rotation. On the first and fifteenth day of the lunar calendar, the earth, the sun and the moon are almost in a straight line, and the gravity of the sun and the moon is very strong, which is easy to form a spring tide. Before and after the Mid-Autumn Festival, not only are their positions just close to a straight line, but this is also the time when the earth is closer to the sun in a year, so the autumn tide is larger, which is also a common natural phenomenon.
Why is Qian Jiangchao so big?
There are many rivers with tidal bore in the world, such as the Amazon River in South America, the Colorado River in North America, the Seine River in France and the Severn River in Britain. However, the intensity and spectacular phenomenon of tidal bore in Qiantang River are incomparable to other rivers except Amazon River. Although the tidal bore intensity of the Amazon River is comparable to that of the Qiantang River, the estuary of the Qiantang River oscillates frequently and the tidal bore scene changes greatly. Therefore, Qian Jiangchao can be said to be the best and unparalleled.
Why is the tide in Qiantang River particularly turbulent and huge? The trumpet-shaped estuary is one of the reasons. The width of the outer channel of Hangzhou Bay is about 100 km, but it shrinks sharply inward. When it reaches Haiyan Ganpu, the mouth of Qiantang River, which is 90km away from the mouth of the bay, the width is only 20km, while the width of the river in Hangzhou is only about 1 km. When a large number of tides rush into a narrow river, the water surface will rise rapidly. Because there is more sediment deposition at the bottom of the river here, the tidal wave entering the estuary meets the sandbar, the water depth decreases, the resistance increases, the front slope becomes steeper and the back slope becomes slower accordingly. When the front slope is steep to a certain extent, the front water surface rises obviously, thus forming tidal bore and even turning over waves.
However, there are many rivers in the world that enter the sea, which are large outside and narrow inside, deep outside and shallow inside. Why don't they surge like the Qiantang River tide? It turns out that the appearance of high tide is also related to the river speed. At high tide, its direction is opposite to that of the river. Around the Mid-Autumn Festival, the velocity of Qiantang River estuary is almost equal to that of tide. When rivers with equal strength collide with tides, a huge tidal gap will be aroused. In addition, in the coastal areas of northern Zhejiang, southeast wind or east wind often blows at the turn of summer and autumn, and the wind direction is generally consistent with the tidal direction, which also encourages its momentum. In a word, the formation of the spring tide in Qiantang River is influenced by astronomical and geographical factors (including estuary shape, riverbed landform, hydrology, climate, etc.). ).
Qiantangjiang Guanchao Resort
Qianjiang Tide Watching began in Han and Wei Dynasties, flourished in Tang and Song Dynasties, and lasted for more than two thousand years. The Southern Song Dynasty is scheduled to inspect the navy on the Qiantang River on August 18th of the lunar calendar (the so-called birthday of the tide god), and it has become a habit to watch the tide since then. Su Dongpo praised: "August 18th tide is spectacular. Kunpeng hit the water for 3,000 miles and trained a long drive of 100,000 people. The red flag and green cover gradually disappear, and the black sand and white waves eat each other. When life encounters ancient difficulties, this trip has two benefits. "
The traditional tidal resort is Yan Guan Town in Haining, so it is also called "Haining Tide". Around the Mid-Autumn Festival every year, more than 6,543,800 people gather in this scenic spot with zhenhai tower, Sea Temple and Zhongshan Pavilion, forming a huge crowd and being very lively. There are three good places to watch the tide. First of all, near Yanguan, you can see the "first-line tide" in Yin Tao rolling neatly. Second, in the Babao Gorge to the east of Yan Guan, we can see the collision of two tidal heads in the east and south, which set off a "tidal wave" of ten thousand icebergs and snow peaks thousands of miles away. Thirdly, in the old salt storage in the west of Yan Guan, you can see that after the tide has surged over the T-shaped dam, the waves stand on the wall and rush to the "resurgence" in the sky. Because the tide is retrograde at the speed of 25 kilometers per hour, if you watch the tide three times, you must race with the tide head by the tide-watching car. You can see the tide in Babao first, then enjoy the scenery of the first-line tide in Yan Guan, and finally enjoy the resurgence in the old salt warehouse. Because there are many kinds of tidal bore, the best place to watch tidal bore is uncertain, so we can choose it carefully according to the specific situation.
How to watch Qian Jiangchao?
The tidal bore of Qiantang River has attracted thousands of viewers in Qian Qian with its majestic momentum, changeable pictures and charming scenery. So how can we see Qian Jiangchao? Poets and writers in China have written many descriptions of tidal bore, which can give us a lot of enlightenment. For example, "Longpingsha started in Bai Hong, Yaotai lost its jade cup" and "Ruolian crossed the river", comparing the tidal bore on the horizon to Bai Hong, Yinlian and Sulian. "Stormy waves come like snow", "Furious waves roll frost and snow" and "snow waves travel thousands of miles", comparing tidal bore to frost and snow. "Like a thousand wind horses galloping on a silver saddle, competing for novelty and beauty", the tidal bore is compared to a flying horse.
"If a dragon fights, it is as urgent as snow and hail", and the tidal bore is compared to a dragon. "Tide-colored Milky Way covers the blue sky, and the sunlight column gives a red basin", and the tidal bore is compared to the Milky Way. "When you are suspicious of the sea and the air, drums are drummed on all sides" and "the autumn moon is thousands of miles away, and the sound of a hundred troops is in the middle of the night" are the voices that describe the tidal bore. And compare the sound of tidal bore to "thunder rumbling" Some compare the sound and shape of tidal bore, and the sound and shape correspond, such as "there are thousands of Lei Zhen clouds in the sky, silver horses on the ground" and "thunder at sea, waterfalls across the river". The sound and shape correspond, which makes people feel heard and seen. Another example is "the August tide at the head of the Rakshajiang River engulfs mountains and carries the sea" and "unstoppable and thunderous", which fully shows the momentum of the tidal bore. As can be seen from the above, different metaphors constitute a picture with different images. Qian Jiangchao appreciates it with its own shape, sound and potential, giving people endless aftertaste. So when we look at the tidal bore in Qianjiang, we should not only look at its shape, but also listen to its sound and potential. The combination of form, sound and potential is pleasing to the eye.
Advantages and disadvantages of tidal bore in Qianjiang River
The tidal bore in Qiantang River has a long history, and it has made merits and demerits for thousands of years. Who can comment? The spectacular tidal bore in Qiantang River is unparalleled in the world and has become a tourist project. Tidal bore is rich in tidal energy resources. For example, the average tidal range of Ganpu in the estuary is 5.57 meters, and the maximum tidal range is 8.93 meters, which is the richest tidal energy resource in China's coastal areas. At high tide, a large amount of offshore sediment enters the estuary with the tidal current, and part of it is deposited in the estuary, forming a continuous beach, which is also a resource. However, the tidal bore did bring pain and disaster to the people along the river. "The mighty rivers shed tears for the victims." "The hurricane pulled up trees like a mountain, and the vibration dried up instantly. Thousands of households in the sea, no one floats. " This is the portrayal of the tidal disaster at that time. Whenever a typhoon comes, and when the tide is high, the storm surge is particularly harmful. People along the Yangtze River have waged a long-term and resolute struggle against tidal disasters. Through the efforts of working people in past dynasties, seawalls with a length of 365,438+07 kilometers have been built on both sides of Qianjiang River. It is like an iron wall, resisting the impact of tidal bore and flood, and safeguarding the lives and property of people along the Yangtze River and the safety of farmland.
Wonder of the World-The twin peaks called "Wonder of the World" by tourists and "Wonder of Geology" by geologists are located on the main road from Zhenfeng to Guiyang, 0/2km away from the county seat/kloc-. Covering an area of 40 hectares, with an altitude of1.265.8m and a relative height of 261.8m, it looks like a pair of vivid and round breasts. What is even more surprising is that from different angles, it is the shape of breasts of different ages. For example, from the perspective of the observation deck at the top of the mountain, it is a pair of breasts in their 20 s from the perspective of 500 meters, and a pair of breasts in their 40 s from the perspective of 500 meters. This is really the magic of nature. There are continuous fertile fields and jade-banded Sancha River irrigation under the Shuangru Peak, which nurtures the people and breeds the descendants of this shore, making the Buyi customs under the Shuangru Peak more mysterious. "Nourishing essence, nourishing qi, nourishing heaven and earth, feeding clouds, feeding fog and feeding the sun and the moon", a famous couplet under the twin peaks, has become the deepest memory of tourists from south to north.
Wonder of the World-Hanging Temple
It is worth a special trip to the Hanging Temple, which has been a very strange temple since ancient times.
Hangkong Temple is located in hun yuan, 65km away from Datong. It is the only unique temple in China that integrates Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism.
Hangkong Temple was built in the late Northern Wei Dynasty more than 1400 years ago, and it has been repaired in all dynasties. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Taoist altar was moved from Pingcheng (now Datong) to this place, and ancient craftsmen built a hanging temple according to the requirement of "not hearing the voice of chickens and dogs". Hanging Temple is about 50 meters away from the ground, and its architectural features can be summarized as "strangeness, suspension and ingenuity".
What deserves to be called "wonder" is the design and site selection of the temple. Hanging Temple is located in a small basin in a deep mountain canyon, and the whole body is suspended in the middle of the cliff. The protruding part of the cliff top is like an umbrella, protecting the ancient temple from the rain. When the foot of the mountain floods, it is also free from being flooded. The surrounding mountains also reduce the exposure time of sunlight. The superior geographical location is one of the important reasons why the Hanging Temple can be well preserved.
"Hanging" is another feature of the Hanging Temple. There are 40 halls and pavilions in the whole temple. On the surface, they seem to be supported by more than a dozen wooden pillars with thick bowls. In fact, some wooden pillars are not stressed at all, so some people use "hanging temple, half a day high, three ponytails hanging in the air" to describe the hanging temple. The real center of gravity is supported on hard rock, based on the mechanical principle of semi-inserted flying beam.
The "ingenuity" of the Hanging Temple is reflected in the construction of the temple according to local conditions, making full use of the natural state of cliffs, arranging and building all parts of the temple, and building the layout and modeling of general temple plane buildings in three-dimensional space, including the mountain gate, bell and drum tower, main hall and attached hall. The design is very exquisite. There are more than 80 Buddha statues in the temple. In the 23rd year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (735), after visiting the Hanging Temple, Li Bai inscribed the word "spectacular" on the cliff, and Xu Xiake, a great traveler in Ming Dynasty, called the Hanging Temple "a grand view of the world".
Wonders of the world:
Among the famous springs in Jinan, Jinxian Spring is a must!
Jinxian Spring, near Baotu Spring, is famous for a kind of golden thread-like water pattern that always appears in the spring pool.
Ceng Gong, an essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty, once wrote such a poem. The "gold thread is uncertain" on the surface of the spring pool, just like a thin white silk thread woven by ice silkworm with a money thread drawn on the upper boundary. On a moonlit and windy night, the crescent moon is printed on the golden thread in the waves, just like a golden thread stretched by a silver bow. It's really "the moon is shining high".
Yes, I have been in Jinan for nearly 30 years, and I have also been to Baotu Spring, but I have never seen the golden thread of Golden Thread Spring. It is said that there must be a certain time and place. Legend has it that seeing gold thread will bring good luck.
The Wonder of the World-Rehai
Tengchong is one of the three major geothermal areas in China. Its high geothermal temperature, rich steam and intense hydrothermal activity are rare in China. There are 878 boiling springs, gas springs, fountains and hot springs in the territory, and each spring group has some hot water and hot air dew. Among them, the hot sea, located in the high temperature center of the geothermal area in the county, has the highest landscape, water temperature and water inflow in the county, and has the reputation of "a hot sea", which is one of the most important scenic spots in the national geothermal volcano scenic area.
Rehai is located at 10.5 km south of Tengchong, with a total area of 8 square kilometers. The whole scenic spot is surrounded by green hills, and the bathhouse river runs along the mountain, forming the characteristics of scattered distribution and three-dimensional structure. There are seven kinds of landscapes in geothermal sea, such as water spouts, bubbling fields, boiling springs, fountains, hot springs, hot water blasting and gas holes. Among them, Dagunguo Scenic Resort Scenic Area, Dragon Embracing Pearl, Drum Tower Spring, Pearl Spring, Eyeglasses Spring, Huai Glacier, Ren Xian Bathhouse, Radiant Land, Lion Head, Toad Mouth, Yutang River Waterfall and Drunken Bird Well are of high ornamental value. These scenic spots are varied and interesting, especially the magnificent scenic spots in Dagunguo Scenic Resort.
Regarding Rehai Scenic Area and Dagunguo Scenic Resort Scenic Area, Xu Xiake, a great traveler in Ming Dynasty, once said in his travel notes that "from a distance, there are many places where the canyon is transpiration, such as thick smoke and dense fog, which is adjacent to Daxi Gorge in the east and Guan Xia in the west". "Water spouts from the air, and if there is soup blowing, it will fan the flame, jump and stop, and take a breath. Jump out of the trend. Feng Shui forcibly crosses. If it is sprayed, it sounds like a tiger ... The wind rolls itself, the water needs to shoot itself, taking people a few feet away, and the water drops are still bright. " It can be seen that Rehai was famous in the world 350 years ago.
Rehai Scenic Area has a warm climate, fresh air and clean mineral spring Ming Che, which contains a variety of trace elements beneficial to human body and has a unique curative effect on dozens of stubborn diseases such as rheumatism, hyperosteogeny, apoplexy sequelae and dermatosis. Now the tourism services and medical facilities in this area are complete, and the asphalt road from the county seat to Rehai has been built.
The traffic is very convenient. Today's Rehai has become the best scenic spot integrating tourism, holiday recuperation and scientific investigation.
World miracle "Tree Root Bridge"
A evergreen banyan tree thrives in the south of China. It is known as the "longevity star in the tree" because of its age, and the natural bridge formed by its fibrous roots (that is, "air roots") is even more amazing.
At the foot of Sanduzhu Lake in Changle, there is a stone bridge built in the 52nd year of Qing Qianlong (AD 1787). There is an old banyan tree at the southern end of the bridge, and its two fibrous roots just hang down along the bridge body and extend to the northern end of the bridge, so people named this bridge "Ronggen Bridge". Because the banyan tree is intertwined, the leaves on it are very rich, covering the bridge, just like the ancient Wuling Taoyuan. For this reason, Chen Shulin, a local poet, wrote a poem "Crossing the Ronggen Bridge": "Peach blossoms are in chaos at first, but fine grass is sprouting and green at last. Several winding springs flow around the foothills like people crossing the Wuling River. " Adding poetry to this banyan bridge.
In Guizhou, Shunde, Guangdong, there is a river and a big banyan tree by the river. Some fibrous roots fall vertically and grow into branches, while others extend horizontally on the ground. After a long time, three bridges across the river formed a natural "single-plank bridge". So the local villagers paved a stone bridge on these three thick banyan roots for people to walk on, which is another strange "root bridge".
In Yangshuo Scenic Area, Guangxi, there is an ancient banyan tree 1300 years old, whose shade covers several acres. A horizontal root spans the ground like a bridge deck, forming a natural and independent banyan root bridge. Pedestrians can walk on and under the bridge, which has become a major local landscape.
In Dongtou Township, Xinning County, Hunan Province, there is a thousand-year-old tree, which is called "beef tendon tree" because of its tough roots. It has two thick and juxtaposed roots, which extend to the other side of the stream to form a root bridge and naturally stand on the stream. The locals also laid sand and gravel on two parallel roots to make the bridge deck smoother.