The relaxed political and economic environment is the social basis for the emergence of Shanxi quadrangles, and the enhancement of businessmen's strength is the premise for the emergence of Shanxi quadrangles. In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang sent troops to Saibei for many times in order to eliminate the remnants and consolidate the feudal dynasty in Zhu Ming. In order to meet the needs of troops stationed in the frontier, Hongwu opened nine military towns, such as Liaodong, Fu Xuan, Datong and Yansui, to the outside world for three years (AD 1370). Businessmen exchange labor and goods for the exclusive right of the country to export salt, while the state power that controls salt and iron resources calls on businessmen to transport grain regularly or irregularly according to the urgency of border defense. This policy is particularly beneficial to the nine neighboring provinces. After the implementation of "Opening China", Shanxi and Shaanxi business gangs took the lead by virtue of the geographical advantages of neighboring towns and became the first batch of official businessmen with legal status in China. The commodity economy developed rapidly in Ming Dynasty, and the system of economy serving politics built a bridge between businessmen and political power. A series of policies in the middle Ming Dynasty and Jiajing period were very beneficial to the development of businessmen. Businessmen who participated in major national economic activities in the early stage, such as salt merchants. Through the activities of making friends with the government, strive for their children's right to participate in scientific research as a county. During the Wanli period, the government explicitly allowed businessmen's children to participate in scientific research, breaking the traditional habit that businessmen's children were not allowed to be officials. Since then, the merchant's children have been publicly justified in their careers.
The donation system in Qing Dynasty provided the best choice for businessmen to expand their political capital. In the 13th year of Kangxi (A.D. 1674), the Central Committee of the Qing Dynasty decided to cut down the governors on a large scale. In order to make up for the shortage of military pay, the law of donating officials was promulgated, and the donation of officials by civilian officials began at this time. Kangxi originally planned to temporarily open a donation case to solve the urgent need. However, after the military incident, military incidents also occurred in Xi 'an, Yongding River Project and Qinghai. Once the donation case is started, civilian personnel can donate Langzhong (positive five products), Daoism (positive four products), and military posts can donate generals (positive seven products), general managers (positive six products) and even generals (positive three products). In Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties, donations became more frequent and became another way of being an official. The wealthy businessmen of the bank actively donated officials to buy titles for themselves and future generations. Mao, the first general manager of Pingyao Bank, gave the titles of "general" and "doctor" to 3 1 person from his father to his great-grandson. The ticket numbers of Dadetong and Dadeheng are Qiao Family in Qixian County, Cai Dong, Qiao Jingxi awarded Hualing Yuanwailang, Qiao Jingkan Hualing is the fourth product of Gongsheng, and Qiao Jingxin Hualing is the second product of Taoist. The Fan family in Jiexiu, Shanxi, who made a fortune in Zhangjiakou trade in the early Qing Dynasty, gave Fan Zhangjiakou real estate in Shunzhi because of its contribution to the Qing army. Fan Yu (Xiang Qi), a descendant of Fan family in Kangxi, "took Wu Ci Wei Ganzong, supported the army with camels, and Zhili (the second class) moved to Zong Bing." Similar wealthy families are not uncommon in Shanxi. Similar official donation records are numerous. With the protection of the government, the activities of the rich who donate officials are less restricted and the accumulation of wealth is more convenient. After the official title donation, the restrictions on the expansion of the mansion were reduced, and the mansion could be built wider and more magnificent. The decoration of house accessories can show the difference between government and business and civil and commercial affairs. For example, the vertebrate in the house is usually decorated with a kiss, which likes to overlook and is regarded as the patron saint of the house. The ancients thought that kissing was water-based and the roof was put to avoid fire. In the courtyards of officials, businessmen and civil and commercial enterprises, the shapes of kisses are different. Taigu Cao's family, Lingshi Wang's family and Qixian Qu's family are all mouth-opening beasts, and Qixian Qiao's family is a mouth-closing beast. For businessmen, the more money they make, the better. A silent beast means not to reveal wealth. For officials and businessmen, when officials speak for the people, they have to open their mouths. Businessmen all hope that someone in their family will donate an official or take a scientific examination to be an official. When they have a part-time job, they will publicize it to show their pride in being rich and expensive.
The strengthening of Shanxi merchants' strength is the direct reason for the emergence of compound communities. During Kangxi's southern tour, he once said, "I have heard of Dajia, a giant merchant in the southeast, and it is called convergence. Today, I have traveled all over the counties of wuyue, most of them are from Shanxi Province, and the aborigines are widows, so they are frugal and easy to accumulate. Southerners have extravagant customs and no savings at home. " After three or four hundred years of commercial accumulation, Shanxi merchants in the late Qing Dynasty had more abundant assets. When Liu Dapeng, a scholar in Jin Dynasty, taught in Taigu Private School, he recorded the local prosperity: "Taigu is the first rich area in Jinchuan, and the big businessman Kadoji is here. Towns and villages are also rich in rooms, and customs are the most luxurious. " October 22nd, the 21st year of Guangxu, was the time of the Winter Standard. So "I live here today and see my husband's market, with gold ingots on my shoulders and Zhu Ti (synonymous with silver ingots) in my hand, just like a stream of water." The author feels that rich people are forced to donate money and materials: "Well, there are many rich people in Taigu, one in five million gold, three or four in one million gold, dozens in hundreds of thousands of gold, and tens of thousands of gold are countless." The diary of Liu Dapeng from Taiyuan is more detailed than that of Tsui Hark from Hangzhou, from which we can see that Taigu merchants are more powerful. It is not surprising that people who have strong financial resources and can donate officials renovate their houses in their hometown and show off their family background. There is a lack of information about the construction of houses by Han people, but the fact that the strength of Shanxi merchants was increasing in the Qing Dynasty is undoubtedly a necessary prerequisite for the construction of large-scale houses. During the Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang periods, the capital of Shanxi merchants expanded like a snowball, and people who went out to do business transferred a lot of silver to Shanxi. Linfen is "in its heyday, with millions and hundreds of thousands of families facing each other, decorating pavilions and collecting antiques. Wu Lv bought beautiful children and Zhao Yan bought beautiful jade." Among the many Shanxi firms engaged in foreign trade in Chaketu, the one with the longest operating history and the largest scale is the first one to promote the Changjia in Yuci Chewan. The Chang family engaged in foreign trade during the Qianlong period, and the descendants came down in one continuous line. After Qianlong to Xuantong 150 years. With the development of commerce, housing is also expanding. Shirongtang and Shihetang are proof of Chang's commercial prosperity, so that in the late Qing Dynasty, more than 20 courtyards, more than 200 acres and 1500 houses were formed in the village, which was spectacular. It is precisely because of the strong financial and material support that such a magnificent mansion can be built.
Courtyard architectural culture
Architecture expresses the cultural connotation that written language can't reach, and it is the concentrated expression of three layers of culture: utensils, systems and concepts. Housing is an important part of human material culture, a carrier of systems, concepts and social customs, and a supporting form of history and culture.
In the Qing Dynasty, the restrictions on Han people's houses were relaxed. To be exact, from the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the rich class who accumulated considerable wealth relieved the difficulties of the Qing court and created a more relaxed environment for the gate valve. Businessmen donate their official positions, build houses, repair houses, put on ostentation and extravagance, and have a clear conscience. Most of the existing quadrangles in Shanxi were built in the middle of Qing Dynasty. After the rise of Shanxi banks, the scale of Shanxi quadrangles has reached a new level. During the Tongzhi period, seven 7-purlin luxury houses and shops were built in Houdianyuan, Pingyao Bank, Cai Dong. Such Han folk houses would never appear before the Qing Dynasty. The construction of a super-large residential complex was regarded as a challenge to the imperial power, and was later convicted of building a luxurious mansion. There are no more than five purlins in Shanxi quadrangles we saw today. However, the owner of the bedroom developed into the sky on the basis of five or three rooms, and built more than two floors of buildings, which constituted a special cultural landscape in the late feudal society of China. The well-preserved four courtyards of Qiao's family, Qu's family, Taigu Cao's family and Lingshi Wang Jia in Jinzhong, as well as the unrecovered Changjia Street in Chewang Village in Yuci, have no more than five main rooms with building heights ranging from 2 to 4 floors, which is the interpretation of this architectural system. However, in Xiwan Village, a remote village in Qiaokou, Linxian County, which used to be a gathering place for land and water materials, and Zhangjia Courtyard in Guangou, Yangquan City, which has convenient transportation, this castle-like building built on the mountain also fully embodies the building specification that there should be no more than five main rooms.
Shanxi compound covers an area of tens of thousands of square meters. The quadrangle building is as strong as a castle, with thick walls, wide foundation and strong defense. Some people sum up these characteristics as follows: first, the external wall is high. From the outside of the house, the brick wall without windows is as high as four or five stories, which is very defensive. Second, the main houses are single-slope roofs, and there are not many double-slope roofs, no matter wing houses or main houses, buildings or bungalows. Because of the single slope and high external wall, rainwater flows into the yard, that is, "fat water does not flow into the field." Third, the courtyards are mostly rectangular with narrow east and west and long north and south, and the gates are mostly opened in the southeast corner. The courtyards that are now open to the outside world are only part of the scale of the year. For example, the house of Qu family occupied half of Qixian county, and its scale was impressive.
The overall layout of the compound is full of auspicious and peaceful atmosphere of the Han people, expressing people's yearning for a better life. The layout of the Qiao Family Courtyard is a complete, tall and straight word "",in which joy and peace are all present; The Wang Family Courtyard has ingeniously placed their surnames and predecessors' desire for future generations to be promoted and knighted, and its internal paragraphs present a "king" pattern; Taigu Sanduo Hall injects the folk custom of many children and many blessings and longevity into it, and the courtyard is in the shape of "longevity". The accumulation of traditional culture in China is everywhere. Taking the Wangs' home in Lingshi as an example, the layout of the building as "Wang Zi" conforms to the theory of harmony between heaven and man. Dong Zhongshu, who advocates "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", explained "Wang" and said: "The ancient writers, three paintings connected, are called the king. Three painters, heaven and earth. Even among them, the road is clear. Take heaven and earth as the most important thing and participate in it. Not the king can be right. " The combination of Wang's family and Confucianism in Wang's courtyard is a masterpiece of grasping the weather, geographical location and human harmony. Qixian people who have a tradition of doing business, during Daoguang and Xianfeng years in Qing Dynasty, there were many shops in the county and nearby towns, with complete cloth numbers, salt houses, money houses and banks, and now there are more than 40 basically well-preserved hospitals in the city. These dozens of courtyards, as a whole, are walls made of gray bricks, and they are often laid in the shape of "stone" or "auspicious" along the top of the wall, indicating the host's good wish to be an official and auspicious.
The door is the entrance and the front of the building, and its position and significance are self-evident. As the saying goes, home is the crown of the portal, and the cultural connotation of the courtyard door is particularly rich. "Summary of Yang Zhai", a geomantic book in Qing Dynasty, said: "It is most important for those who are at the door to close the door outside the house, so it is appropriate to open the auspicious side above their own house." Therefore, when the courtyard of Shanxi Courtyard faces south, the gate is slightly inclined to the east, usually in the southeast corner. Han people call it "grabbing the sun", and the sun shines on the doors and windows as soon as possible to express people's initiative to nature. There has always been a saying among Han people that a noble family comes from a noble family. For the sake of future generations, the gate house of the Qiao Family Courtyard is magnificent, thick and high. At the top of the cave-like house door, the word "ancient style" is carved in stone, with vigorous brushwork and extraordinary foundation, which contains the momentum of quadrangles and is full of the master's knowledge of advocating the virtue of gentlemen and the wind of the ancients. Lang Huan's blessed land is the legendary fairy cave. It is said that when Zhang Hua of Jin visited the Cave Palace, he met a man and took him to a place. Among the big rocks, the palace is rugged, and there is no heaven and earth. Every room has its own Chen and Zhang reading his books, which was unheard of before the Han Dynasty. Zhang Hua asked about its place name and answered "nirvana in fire's blessed land". Zhang Hua came out of the hole and the door was closed. The Qiao family has a "Blessing nirvana in fire" plaque, which was sent by Shanxi Governor Ding Baoquan. In the eyes of the government, the treasures of the jstars are hard to count, which shows the wealth and style of the year.
Standing in front of Mount Tai and Shi Gandang was an architectural custom in the south and north of the Yangtze River at that time. Shi Gandang in the Qiao Family Courtyard is a large-scale zhaobi, with a height of 1 zhang and a width of 9 feet, with blue bricks and gray tiles, excellent materials and exquisite workmanship. There is a 2-meter-long and 40-cm-wide stone carving in the middle, with the tiger's head carved on it, the lotus throne carved on it, and the four Chinese characters "Taishan Shi Gandang" carved in the middle. In architectural culture. Shi Gandang's influence is very extensive. About the origin of Shi Gandang, most of the folklore of Han nationality is related to the God Jiang Taigong. Jiang Ziya forgot his first and last name, so he called himself Taishan Shi Gandang. However, there are other theories, all of which are based on the function of town houses to ward off evil spirits.
There are lions, deer, golden pheasants, Qingyun and other patterns engraved on the bluestone or white marble pillar cornerstone and drum-hugging stone beside the courtyard gate, which means the house is safe, prosperous and auspicious. A group of drum-hugging stones in the Wang Family Courtyard, the above picture shows the pine crane in Yannian, with symmetrical bamboo branches, and the following picture shows the peach in the pot and the apple in the pot, which is homophonic for peace and longevity. In the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, "cups and bamboo poles were ancient ritual vessels for holding food, making utensils and ritual vessels". The old saying "I don't wear ornaments" is a metaphor for being an official. "It's not cheap for ancient ministers to sit on waste and say,' I don't wear jewelry'". If you don't decorate, you won't tidy up. Later, people impeached officials for taking bribes and bending the law, and used the word "don't decorate". The Wangs carved sacrificial vessels at the gate of the courtyard to warn the officials of the clan to be honest and clean, and to remain prosperous forever.
The staircase where the owner of the quadrangle lives is usually three floors, which means the auspicious word of "going up to three floors" There are usually only one or two steps in front of the living room of a servant or an accountant, indicating that the identity of the master and the servant is different and the level is high or low. In front of the main building of Cao's compound, there are five or even nine steps, and the houses rise from the ground and stand in the air, which not only shows the majesty of the owner, but also shows the dignity of the identity. In that year, Rishengchang had seven rooms with seven purlins and seven main rooms. The main wing rooms are two floors and consist of three courtyards. The courtyard was raised layer by layer. A wall was built on the roof of the innermost main house, which improved the height of the main house. This is also the most common construction method of Shanxi quadrangles. The implication is profound and the expression is implicit. It is the eternal pursuit of mankind for each generation to go higher and become stronger. Cao's Sanduo Hall is a quadrangle, North Third Hospital, South Third Hospital, with many children and many blessings, and North Longevity Hospital. Old people live in the east, with their masters in the middle and their children in the west. Happiness is like the East China Sea, and longevity is better than the South Mountain. Moreover, the tunnel is designed, which is contrary to the trend of water flowing downwards in the west. As soon as people in the house step out of the gate, they will go west, so as to reflect the idea of people going high and realize climbing high step by step. The jstars courtyard goes from the gate of No.1 courtyard, and the horizon rises one by one. It takes several steps to reach the end of the main house. Especially in mountainous places like Shanxi, building houses according to the mountain situation caters to the feng shui prophecy of "low before and high after, heroic descendants".
In the community of Shanxi Courtyard, the well-designed carved beams and painted buildings contain rich and colorful cultural connotations, reflecting the traditional moral culture and aesthetic taste of China. All kinds of stone carvings, brick carvings and wood carvings, from doors and windows to archways, bear the traditional customs of ancient China and cover all aspects of China's traditional culture. The most common materials are bricks, stones and tiles, which contain auspicious, philosophical elegance and popular culture in the form of meaning, shape and sound. The double lions guard the gate (the dialect "protection" is homophonic with "blessing"), Five Blessingg holds longevity (wishing a long and healthy life), the phoenix plays the role of peony (great wealth and great responsibility), the magpie climbs plums (beaming), and the unicorn sends the child. White is cabbage, and an official's homonyms such as "Clear White", "Catbutterfly in Spring", "Jade Bridge", "Going out to study" and "Mei Zhu Lan Ju" are the pursuit of interest by the owner of the room, which shows the talent of designers and craftsmen. The sculptures of Hehe Erxian were of special significance to Shanxi merchants who were mainly engaged in business abroad at that time. According to historical records, in the Song Dynasty, "Hang Cheng worshipped his brother in the twelfth lunar month. He looks like a unkempt and smiling man, dressed in green, with a drum in his left hand and a stick in his right. Cloud is the "God of Harmony". Sacrifice can make people come back thousands of miles away, so it will be ten thousand times. " The God of Harmony was later divided into Er Shen, which was called "the two immortals of harmony". Carve the legendary god of harmony into a family with a lotus flower and a round box, aiming at harmony and unity, smooth business and kill two birds with one stone. The reverence and welcome to the God of "Wan Hui" just shows that it is not easy for Shanxi businessmen to do business abroad and their families miss their loved ones who travel frequently. Three-star photos are also the most common sight for people in the courtyard. Carving Fu Lu Shou Xing on the forehead of the host's residence is the ideal pursuit of China traditional culture. Three-star photos are a life without regrets. "Shang Shu Hong Fan" contains: "Five Blessingg: Long life for one day, wealth for two days, Corning for three days, Xiu De for four days, and death for five days." Five Blessingg is a resident here, and his family is harmonious. So I made up five pictures around birthday figures to express people's pursuit of * * *. Han temples and palaces in past dynasties also used five longevity pictures as auspicious decorations. Large murals commonly seen in the courtyard, such as auspicious patterns of deer and cranes, imply the owner's pursuit of high officials, generosity and longevity. In a residential building in Baode County, the tiles on the door wall are painted with the word "Shouzi", the wall is built in the shape of an ingot, and the depressions between the tiles are connected by bat bricks, which not only helps the house not to accumulate rain and snow, but also has the artistic effect of humanistic decoration. In fact, it combines the auspicious patterns of Fu, Lu and Shou into one. Most houses in Baode are decorated with peacock heads, which means that Feng Dan faces the sun. The sculpture of Qujia Courtyard in Qixian County ingeniously embeds the numbers of 65,438+0 to 9 into the carved works of art, such as a vine with thousands of branches (many children and many blessings), a combination of two immortals, a three-star photo, a four-lion guardrail (all the best), a Five Blessingg holding longevity, a deer crane with the same spring, seven clever palindromes, eight immortals crossing the sea, eight horses and nine lions, etc., which make the courtyard full of vitality and fun. The eight immortals carving in Shanxi quadrangles usually adopts the technique of dark eight immortals. Handheld treasure gourd, iron crutches and other utensils in the folklore of the Han Dynasty are embedded in long columns and door decorations to pray for the secret blessing of the Eight Immortals. The stone carving "Four Yi Tu" in the Wang Family Courtyard shows the scholar-officials' pursuit of happiness and health. Historical stories, such as fishing in Weishui, Zhuge Liang ploughing in Nanyang, Yan Ziling's dismissal from office and Yan Lai, and Tao Yuanming's seclusion in Peach Blossom Garden, occupy a very important position in China's traditional culture. Collecting firewood, fishing, reading and ploughing are the greatest pleasures in life and the best way for China literati to escape from reality. There are also exquisite four escape sculptures in Huizhou folk houses. It can be said that the compound is an important carrier of China's traditional cultural values, and every building component of the compound embodies a high degree of unity of practicality and artistry.
Courtyard culture collection
Shanxi is located inland, and the influence of modern western culture on Jin people's thoughts is generally not great. Therefore, in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, Shanxi quadrangles mainly reflected China's inherent morality and customs, such as positive structure, left-right symmetry, open atrium, orderly height and order of respect and inferiority. It plays an important role in inheriting and developing traditional culture, such as advocating the golden mean, stressing benevolence and morality, and cultivating self-cultivation. However, the closed courtyard culture undoubtedly fetters people and imprisons ideas. In this sense, courtyard culture has some negative effects.
Qiao Zhiyong, the owner of the Qiao Family Courtyard in Qixian County, named the mansion "nave" and skillfully embedded the word "golden mean" in it. The profound philosophical meaning and the way of dealing with people are self-evident. There is a pair of couplets on both sides of the hundred-year-old wall of Qiao's courtyard, which was inscribed by a famous minister in the late Qing Dynasty: "It is unreasonable to harm others and immoral to write articles", flaunting personal Confucian cultivation and advocating the social function of moral articles. The banner is the ancient harmony and benevolence, which is the highest moral realm pursued by ancient literati. In Confucius' view, "fortitude, fortitude, dullness and laziness are close to benevolence" and "a gentleman is cautious in his words". Simplicity and reticence are the virtues advertised by feudal saints in past dynasties, and they are also generally accepted by literati. In the courtyard, plaques such as "Shende", "Shenyan" and "Zhou Ren" closely link virtue with doing business for officials, which is also the cultural feature of the courtyard.
The concepts of Confucianism, Confucianism, Confucianism, Confucianism, Confucianism and Confucianism have been accepted by most people in the Qing Dynasty. Some scholars believe that "the reason for the success of Qiao's family business, like the construction of Qiao's compound, can be understood from both internal and external aspects." After 200 years' development, Qiao's family has been prosperous, and their family ethics and upbringing spirit are worth exploring. At the beginning of the prosperity of the Qiao family, it is natural to start with diligence and honesty, but after a hundred years, it is not so easy to maintain the family style. " Although I live in a deep house with square bricks and golden beams, the owner still remembers to carve bamboo branches in the bedroom and door to show noble morality and gentleman's virtue. At that time, bamboo forest was the place where gentlemen lived. Zeng Guofan, a famous minister in the Qing Dynasty, famously said that "there is no meat to eat and no bamboo to live in", which was the self-improvement and spiritual pursuit of the literati of that era. With the help of the virtue of bamboo, the hospital owner encourages himself to achieve the life goals of "getting taller every year" and "getting taller every day". There are many similar cultures, such as warning signs, such as "being cautious about morality", "being prepared for danger in times of peace", "pure wind", "sitting quietly", "being generous" and "seeking more happiness", all of which show a certain cultural flavor. The plaque has the same effect as the memorial archway. Inscriptions made of brick, stone, wood and other materials not only decorated the facade, but also left a permanent memorial. At the same time, it can also show the ambition and interest of the owner of the mansion. This kind of couplet, couplet and plaque occupies a very important position in courtyard culture, and its role in promoting feudal ethics cannot be underestimated. For example, Wu Jinyuan, a composer in Qixian County, has a self-cultivation epigram engraved on his forehead, such as having fun with his family, rejuvenating himself, learning to bear hardships, being kind and cherishing, using words carefully, editing Xixuan, reading music, sightseeing first, which is a bit mysterious, carrying the light of books and full of happiness. In the Qing Dynasty dwellings in Ding Cun, Xiangfen County, Shanxi Province, the words "Qing Yu", "Dunlun", "Conformity" and "Openness" were left on the lintel. Among them, there are both tips for being a man and tips for studying and cultivating oneself. It can be said that one stone and one carving in the courtyard permeates the essence of the traditional culture of the Han nationality.
Menbian and couplets are places where rich children flaunt literati. Carving Kyrgyz on the door shows the cultural taste of the owner of the mansion. The name of the mansion in Lingshiwang Courtyard is mild, such as Ningrui Mansion and Dunhou Mansion, and the words "welcome to the light" and "leisure" are found in the small courtyard, which matches the identity and knowledge of the owner. There is a hanging flower gate in the May Cave in Dunhou House of the Wangs. The design of the door is ingenious and exquisite, with a square in the circle and a circle in the square, which sets off the visual artistic effect of alternating reality and reality. The word "square" is engraved on the lintel, which not only shows a strong cultural atmosphere, but also warns future generations to follow certain rules in doing things. There is also a Ningrui House in Chengguan Town, Pingyao, which expresses people's expectation for Ruiqi Yingmen. On the upper floor of the Sanduotang Intermediate People's Court of Cao's family, the four characters of "Ascending and Overlooking" are written, and the four-story building of Cao's family is opened, and a panoramic view can be seen dozens of miles away. Qiao's and Qu's yards also have commanding heights to overlook. The main building on the second floor of the Qiao Family Courtyard, the so-called Ming Lou, has a plaque with the same content, which also occupies the scenery in the residential buildings of Xiangfen Ding Cun in Qing Dynasty. Hanging these four words in the most conspicuous place in the Qiao family is nothing more than reminding future generations in the courtyard not to forget to honor their ancestors and benefit future generations. What is particularly interesting is that the door plaque of Sanduotang Changshou Hospital (East Hospital) can be interpreted in three auspicious ways: literally, from fighting to mountains to heaven, there are more and more meanings, symbolizing the prosperity of the cause; If you read it in another direction, it is "Tianshan bean" and the dialect homonym is "Tian Sandou". As a big family that started as a businessman, adding three buckets every day fully expresses the owner's continuous wishes for financial resources; To put it another way, when Dou is pronounced silent, there is no lack of domineering and heroic fighting between heaven and earth. This is a meaningful word game, full of material and spiritual pursuits of rich children at that time.