At the beginning of the 7th century, during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, she people lived in southern Fujian, Chaoshan and other places at the border of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces, and migrated to central Fujian and northern Fujian in succession in the Song Dynasty, and appeared in mountainous areas in eastern Fujian and southern Zhejiang in large numbers around the Ming and Qing Dynasties. She nationality in northeast Jiangxi originally lived in Fenghuang Mountain in Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, and later moved to Ninghua County in Tingzhou, Fujian Province, and moved to northeast Jiangxi after Song and Yuan Dynasties and before the middle of Ming Dynasty. She nationality in Anhui moved from Lanxi, Tonglu and Chun 'an counties in Zhejiang about 1 years ago.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the ancestors of She people who lived in the mountainous areas bordering Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces had engaged in agricultural production and hunting activities. They colonized the land under extremely difficult conditions. In the Tang Dynasty, the central dynasty ruled in Zhangzhou and Tingzhou, Fujian Province, where the ancestors of the She nationality lived together, and implemented a series of measures to develop the economy, which further developed the economy of the She nationality, and the relationship between the She and Han nationalities became increasingly close. The establishment of government in Zhangting area of Tang Dynasty greatly accelerated the process of feudalization of She nationality. The feudal rulers deepened the exploitation and oppression of the She people, and also implemented a series of ethnic discrimination policies, treating them as "foreigners". She costumes are China's intangible cultural heritage. The traditional dress of She nationality is gorgeous and colorful, and its main feature is reflected in women's dress, which runs through the whole in the form of phoenix, so it is called "phoenix dress". "Phoenix costume" consists of costumes and headdresses. The traditional headdress is called "Fengguan", which consists of silver tongs, head, silver gold, national Zheng, Qixi brand, Qixizai, silver chain and ancient Chinese money. Clothing consists of tops, skirts, skirts, foot bindings, shoes, etc.
coat: the coat retains the classic cross collar, which is triangular, with the collar from the edge to the inside, and five stripes of red, white, yellow, green and blue in between; The collar is embroidered with flowers or phoenix patterns in the middle of stripes; Embroider a flower or pattern in the triangle on the left and right sides of the chest; The sleeves are short and small, and the sleeves are also striped with five colors from the edge to the side; Arm and lapel are embroidered with various patterns, but casual clothes are not embroidered.
skirt: the skirt is made up of two pieces of cloth, with the opening on the left and right sides, and the buttons are tied with the same color cloth; There are regular vertical lines with different lengths under the skirt; The front of the skirt is embroidered with geometric patterns, but casual clothes are not embroidered.
skirt: the skirt, commonly known as the waist, is a square with a side length of 3 to 35 cm, and the skirt is sewn on the top, left and right respectively. Foot binding: Foot binding means leggings. Integral triangle, tied into an inverted herringbone pattern, with a red belt sewn at the upper, left and right corners and the lower corners. The top of the ordinary dress is white, and the dressing room is embroidered with five-color stripes on all edges and at the calf position.
shoes: shoes are embroidered shoes, made of black cloth, with flowers and geometric patterns embroidered on the upper first; Commonly known as "Melaleuca". With the changes of the times and the growth of social interaction, the female costumes of She nationality are becoming more and more rigid. She costumes and headdress making techniques have been included in the county-level intangible cultural heritage list, and the county government put forward the initiative of wearing traditional costumes on the first day of each week, which laid a solid foundation for the inheritance and promotion of traditional costumes. The literature of She nationality in China is composed of traditional folk literature and emerging writers' literature. In the folk literature of the She nationality, the mythical works about Pan Hu, the ancestor of the nation, attract people's attention. The works on this subject include the ancient mythical songs Pangu Song and Lin Bao Wang Song in rhyme style, as well as the mythical songs Gao Xin and the Dragon King and the Third Princess in prose style. These works are similar in content, and tell the story that Long Lin, the ancestor of the She nationality, married the third princess of Emperor Gao Xin because of his outstanding achievements in the war and gave birth to them. Narrative folk songs of She nationality, including Song of the Last Dynasty, Eighteen Emperors of Yuan Dynasty, Song of Famine, etc., involve important themes such as the rise and fall of feudal dynasties and civil disasters. Novel songs are a special form of folk literature of the She nationality. They are mostly narrative songs adapted from Han literature works by singers who know Chinese in the She nationality in the past two centuries, such as The Journey to the West, Legend of the White Snake, butterfly lovers, etc. There are also novel songs written based on the historical stories of the nation, such as Zhong Liangbie, Zhong Jingqi, Lan Dianwang, etc. The representative works of the folklore of She nationality include A Lang and Yuan Lian, Opening the Eye of the Sky, Rattan Bracelet and Bamboo Tube, etc. The folk stories "Selling Charcoal", "Shi Niu" and "Picking up Yuanbao", which spread in She nationality areas, embody the wisdom and moral concept of the working people.
"Pangu Song" is an ancient folk myth song of She nationality in China. Also known as Song of the King of Pan Hu, Song of the Emperor and Song of the Ancestor. Spreading in the She nationality inhabited areas in southern Zhejiang Province and eastern Fujian Province, it is a rhyme-style myth about the origin of the She nationality with the original concept of totem worship. In the Western Han Dynasty, a fairy floating on a mound, with two cranes, wandered to Jingning in idle clouds. Seeing the green mountains, clear rivers and lush trees, he loved it, so he went to the build house River and bathed the cranes in the river. After that, he didn't know where to go. In memory of the immortal who came here, later generations called the water of Muhe a crane stream and build house a floating hill. It is said that all the people living here are healthy for a hundred years. For this reason, the She and Han people in Jingning have specially built a memorial archway, which has become a place name.
She people in Jingning have lived in Shan Ye for generations, and they are well versed in observing mountains and waters. Their buildings are naturally surrounded by mountains and waters, with beautiful scenery. And the noble family is a four-in-one courtyard, with small bridges in front of the door and flowers in the backyard, and there is no other paradise. Although Baisuimen is the living place of She people, it is also the place where she culture is created and civilization is passed down. Over the years, Baisuimen has become the totem and symbol of She culture. There are still traces of "star worship" in the totem belief of She nationality, which further illustrates the star prototype of Pan Hu's image. The so-called stars, originally a general term for natural celestial bodies, are also one of the bases for ancestors to mark directions, divide the starry sky and make calendars. With the rise of Taoist culture, the stars are gradually endowed with concrete images of gods and enter people's belief world. From the trace of "star worship" of the She nationality, we can't easily conclude that she nationality follows the calendar of heavenly kings, but she nationality has been in contact with Han nationality for a long time and has basically assimilated. She people have their own language, but they are proficient in Chinese, and they have followed the astronomical calendar of the Han people since ancient times. In ancient China, the scientific and technological achievements of the Han people were brilliant.
Han nationality has a long tradition of astronomical observation. As far back as the legendary era, there were hereditary officials in charge of astronomy, who were responsible for observing astronomical phenomena. Later generations continued, and institutions such as stargazing platform, observatory, Si Tiantai, Si Tianjian and Qin Tianjian were set up to observe the astronomical phenomena and calculate the calendar. Therefore, the observations and records of solar eclipse, lunar eclipse, stars, comets, sunspots and other celestial phenomena in Chinese literature are the earliest and most complete in the world. The earliest record of solar eclipse occurred in the Xia Dynasty about 4 years ago. About 3 years ago, there were exact records of solar and lunar eclipses in Oracle bones of Shang Dynasty. In the ancient books of Zhou Dynasty and since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there are many records of solar eclipse and lunar eclipse, and they are also found in Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Shang Dynasty. "Zhou Li" has Feng Xiangshi, "Palm ten has two years old, ten has February, ten has two days, ten days and twenty has eight stars". During the Warring States Period, Gander wrote eight volumes of Astrology and Shi Shen wrote eight volumes of Astronomy, which were later collectively called Ganshi Astrology, which recorded the positions of 12 stars and was the earliest star list in the world. Ancient astronomers divided the Sunday into three walls and twenty-eight nights, and used this regional division to determine the location of celestial bodies and phenomena. In the pre-Qin period, the Han ancestors drew star maps, and the earliest preserved objects are two 28-night star map carvings unearthed in the Five Dynasties. Other famous ones are the astronomical map of Suzhou stone carvings in the Song Dynasty and the star map of Dunhuang in the Tang Dynasty. Geomantic omen has a long history in China, and it was called "Kanyu" in ancient times. It is people's choice and treatment of living or burial environment, so as to achieve the goal of seeking good fortune and avoiding evil. Its core idea is the harmony between man and nature, which is mainly related to the location, orientation, construction and layout of palaces, houses, villages and cemeteries. The organizer said that many people associate Feng Shui with superstition. In fact, Feng Shui is a subject of discovering and using nature.
In ancient times, the Han nationality attached great importance to geomantic omen, and so did the She nationality. Like weddings, funerals, and the opening of Yiju, we must welcome the Yi-ology Feng Shui master to predict divination, so as to break the disaster ahead of time. In the words of modern people, it is a place with good feng shui. People living here can help people prosper and get rich, and make future generations rich and outstanding. In ancient times, it met the standard of feng shui treasure land: there was a mountain behind, a green dragon on the left, a white tiger on the right, an mountain in front, a hall in the middle, and tortuous water flow. Feng Shui tells people to conform to the laws of nature and optimize the natural environment. In 28, the "She Medicine" project in Jingning, Zhejiang Province was included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection list approved by the State Council. Because she people have lived in remote and isolated mountainous areas with scattered villages for a long time, the traffic is inconvenient and the economy is backward. In order to survive and multiply in specific historical conditions and geographical environment, she people have learned the skills of preventing and treating diseases and accumulated rich medical experience. It is self-contained, with unique disease concept, disease classification and special therapy, which embodies the cultural characteristics of She medicine and has unique curative effects on some diseases.
In p>26, Zhejiang Provincial Health Department initiated the project "Investigation and Arrangement of She Folk Medicine in China". The research group lasted for more than 6 years, visited and investigated the main settlements of She nationality in China, and sorted out the basic characteristics of She nationality medicine according to a large amount of data obtained from the investigation.
Unique theory: "Malnutrition Theory" and "Six Spirits Theory" are the main theories of She medicine in preventing and treating diseases. She doctors also divided "malnutrition" into narrow malnutrition and broad malnutrition. The narrow malnutrition is also called "infantile malnutrition". Wind, cold, malnutrition, food and other factors cause many miscellaneous diseases, which are collectively called "malnutrition disease" in a broad sense. "Six gods" are composed of mind, liver, lung, spleen, kidney and gallbladder. She doctors believe that if they fall, they will get sick. The theory of "miliaria" has formed a complete set of treatment for miliaria. In addition, she doctors also have a unique understanding of injuries and rheumatism. These theoretical foundations have formed the naming and classification of diseases and the diagnosis methods of She medicine.
characteristic therapy: including external therapy, consumptive disease therapy, traditional bonesetting, detoxification and dredging, food therapy, psychotherapy, etc. and common folk prescriptions. External therapy is still widely used, such as scraping, picking, pinching, smoking, blowing, rubbing and ironing. A variety of hair-trigger techniques can often get rid of the disease at hand. Bone-setting adopts the methods of bare-handed reduction, mashing fresh she medicine and external application, and fixing fir bark. In addition, there are secret recipes for snake wound, rheumatism, jaundice hepatitis, pneumonia and osteomyelitis. She doctors also say that "medicine and food are homologous". Almost every household often uses poultry and livestock with herbs to eat. According to statistics, there are about 1 kinds of food with dietotherapy effect. According to records, Jingning She nationality green qu liquor, which is almost lost and extremely precious, is a model that adopts the principle of "homology of medicine and food" of She nationality medicine, but the people who have mastered the secret recipe have never spread it out so far.
characteristics of drug use: she medicine is basically a wild plant medicine. She doctors believe that she medicine can be divided into yin and yang, and pay great attention to the balance of yin and yang in medication. She medicine is a hot and warm yang medicine, which grows on the hillside of Chaoyang; Yin medicine for treating hyperactivity and inflammation grows in Yinshan gully; Drugs that are not cold, hot, warm or cold are called "harmony" drugs, which have the functions of balance and nourishing, and "harmony" drugs grow in low valleys. She medicine has its variety characteristics, mainly fresh and ready-to-use, and its processing skills, focusing on drug introduction and accessories and other drug habits.
Inheritance custom: She people are sick, and most of them take she medicine or adopt other traditional treatment methods based on their ancestral prescriptions. Treatment technology is regarded as a treasure, which is passed on from man to woman, and it is also the custom of women and children to pass on their daughters-in-law. It is passed down from generation to generation by word of mouth and has its own system. She doctors, who have a skill, generally focus on skills, still engage in farming, or are semi-agricultural and semi-medical, and also receive meager rewards. The proverb "It's hard to talk without wine" in Shexiang says that she people are hospitable and good at drinking, and often entertain guests with their own wine. When a guest arrives at She's house, the host usually does not make tea first, but respectfully holds a big bowl of rice wine with both hands to invite the guest to taste, which is the highest hospitality etiquette in She's house. All the year round, she family brews rice wine, and there is "Shangliang wine" when building a house; Eat "birthday wine" on your birthday; Drink "betrothal wine" when betrothed; When you marry a woman, you should eat "marriage wine"; When you get married, you have to eat "wine for your relatives". It's true that you can't do anything without wine. She rice wine is usually brewed by ordinary families.
The preparation technology of Jingning She Green Qu Liquor, which mysteriously exists in the prestigious family of She nationality, has been passed down for more than 1,2 years since the second year of Tang Yongtai, and it can be called precious. Its brewing technology is very particular, but the cutting formula has been handed down from generation to generation by the descendants of Lei family of She nationality. Its preparation method selects 66 kinds of superior natural herbs and wild fruits, and adds auxiliary materials such as brewing wine, distilled wine, green koji, red sugar, etc., and is carefully prepared through eight steps (drug selection, processing, decocting, ding-he, jar sealing, spring soaking, ground cultivation, and shrinking). The body of green koji wine presents a natural and pure golden color and green color, and the wine liquid is bright and transparent, such as jasper in the mountains; The fresh and elegant mountain grass fragrance is gentle and elegant, the entrance is smooth, the style is unique, and the overall quality is better. In 1984, the State Council announced the establishment of the only Jingning She Autonomous County in China. Later generations of the She nationality commemorated their ancestors. After long-term excavation, sorting and research and development, experts, scholars and ethnic winemakers were integrated to comprehensively evaluate the quality and upgrade the brand of Jingning She Green Qu Liquor, and named it "Baisuimen 1984 She Green Qu Liquor" to inherit the health-keeping culture and promote the national spirit.