It embodies the crystallization of survival wisdom and is an original ecological green building, which not only embodies the thick history of traditional farming culture, but also embodies many connotations of ecological value.
Hakka originally belonged to the Han nationality in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Due to the "Yongjia Rebellion" in the Western Jin Dynasty and the war in the late Tang and Song Dynasties, they moved to the south several times on a large scale, and finally settled in the mountainous area of western Fujian, where they were called "Hakkas" by the local people and lasted for more than 1000 years.
Hakka ancestors not only brought the production technology of the Central Plains, but also actively absorbed advanced cultures from all over the country, forming a distinctive Hakka culture. These cultural connotations are very rich, and the main content is unity and forge ahead.
Hakka earth buildings in Fujian are mainly distributed in Yongding and Nanjing areas in western Fujian and southern Fujian, with a long history of 1000 years.
In order to resist the invasion of bandits, local aborigines and wild animals, the whole family of Hakka ancestors must live together. With bare hands, the ancient rammed earth slab construction technology in the Central Plains was adopted, and raw soil, sandstone and bamboo chips were selected for rammed construction.
Of course, the first choice is site selection. Southwest Fujian is mountainous, with winding terrain and dense fog. Hakka earth buildings are built according to the theory of geomantic omen. Most of them are built by mountains and rivers, with the morning sun sheltering from the wind, facing south and mountains as a barrier.
It can be seen that Hakka people pay great attention to the advantages and disadvantages of living environment.
Limited by the natural geographical environment, earth buildings generally choose hillsides, terraces and other terrains as building sites. The uneven levels between earth buildings make the buildings blend with the natural environment, showing simple natural beauty through natural beauty.
These earth buildings, usually three or four stories high, have two or three hundred rooms, and hundreds of people live under the roof of a big house, surrounded by a huge centripetal closed shape.
Earth buildings can be divided into round, square, five-phoenix, oval, gossip, half-moon, polygon and other types according to their appearance, and the internal structure is even more ingenious.
There are also 46 Fujian Tulou buildings, including Nanjing Tianluokeng Tulou in Zhangzhou, Hua 'an Eryi Building in Zhangzhou and Yongding Zhencheng Building.
On July 6, 2008, these earth buildings were listed in the World Heritage List as architectural artistic achievements of large earth buildings in the world.
Therefore, Professor Gorlani, an American urban planning expert, commented: "Historically, China has attached great importance to resource protection and beautiful environment. The design of houses, villages and cities in China has a unique style that is harmonious with nature and evolves with the evolution of nature. "
In fact, Fujian tulou is beautiful and comfortable, with good defense, strong earthquake resistance, moisture and sound insulation, warm in winter and cool in summer. Although it has been baptized by thousands of years of wind and rain, earthquakes and wars, it still stands today.
It embodies the traditional thought of "harmony between man and nature" in architecture, and embodies the natural harmony and unity between natural people and humanization.