He traveled 50,000 miles to the west for 17 years, went to India to learn from the scriptures, and translated 1335 volumes all his life. He has traveled all over India, affecting as far away as Japan, South Korea and even the whole world. His thoughts and spirit are now the common wealth of people in China, Asia and even the world.
In the eighth year of the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty (6 12), Xuanzang 13 years old became a monk in the Pure Earth Temple in Luoyang, the eastern capital. In the 12th year of the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty (6 16), Xuanzang went to Chang 'an to live with his elder brother, then to Hanchuan, and then to Yizhou in the north, where he met Master Kong and Pure Land Sect, and learned from them. Then I went to Chengdu, where monks and great virtues gathered. In the fifth year of Wude (622), Xuanzang was ordained in Chengdu. After Xuanzang traveled around the world, he visited famous teachers and gave lectures.
Through years of teaching and learning about banquets in various places, he deeply felt that there were different opinions and no solutions. In particular, at that time, the two schools of photography and geography had different theories about law, so they went to India to seek Master Maitreya's book "Yoga as a Teacher's Land Theory" as the basis for carrying forward the fundamental theory of knowing only Buddhism. In the first year of Zhenguan (627), Xuanzang married a couple. Please allow him to go west to seek dharma. However, it was not approved by Emperor Taizong.
However, Xuanzang made up his mind to "venture beyond the appointment and go to Tianzhu privately", with a journey of more than 50,000 miles. In the first year of Zhenguan, Xuanzang set out from Chang 'an to the west, passing through Lanzhou to Liangzhou (ancient Tibetan), then traveling at night to Guazhou, then passing through Yumenguan, crossing Wufeng and quicksand, and finally reaching Yiwu (Hami) to Gao Changguo.
In the second year of Zhenguan, Xuanzang arrived in Gaochang Wangcheng (now Turpan County, Xinjiang) and was treated with courtesy by Gaochang Wangqu. After that, it passed through Qu Zhi (now Kuqa, Xinjiang), Lingshan (Yemusuer Ridge), Suyecheng, Gaby experimental country, Chijianguo (now Tashkent, Soviet Union), Sassuojianguo (now east of Samarkand), jungle and iron gate.
Arrive at the former site of Luoguo (now west of Guling and south of Wuhu). To the south, it passes through Binhe country (now Balkh in northern Afghanistan), Jiezhi country (now Ghazi in Afghanistan), Daxue Mountain, Fanyangna country (now Bamiyan in Afghanistan), Yushiro country (now Peshawar in Pakistan and its adjacent eastern Afghanistan) and Uwona country (Swat in Pakistan) and reaches Kashmiro country.
Here, learn the name of a monk, the theory of harmony and righteousness, and the theory of reason. , and compared the lay man of Pixutuo (pure teacher), the monk Sukamidoro (a friend who came here), Doro of West Su Mi (a family friend), Solitipo (one day) and Chennaluoduo (the best).
After five years of Zhenguan, he went to Nalanduo Temple in Mojeto to study morality. Xuanzang stayed in Nalanduo Temple for five years and was chosen as one of the ten virtues of knowing three zang. Before and after listening to Jie Xian's talk about the yoga master's theory of land, obedience, worship of saints, dharma, concentration, China, hundred views, explanation and so on. At the same time, learn all kinds of brahmin books.
Xuanzang left Nalanduo Temple in the tenth year of Zhenguan, and went to Ilan Potava (now Mongir in northern India), Saruo, Andaro, Tonajidega (now Krishna estuary on the east coast of India), Dalovicha (now south of Madras in India), Wolfroger (now east of Moclan in Hexi, India) and Potava (now Kashmir) successively.
He stayed in many countries for two years, carefully studied the theory of the fundamental Abbey method, the theory of the right method and the theory of consciousness, and then returned to Nalanduo Temple.
Soon after, he went to Xialuozejia Temple and discussed with Prajna Paramita that Sanzang has various therapies, as well as Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Buddhism. At this time, Xie Xian instructed Xuanzang to give lectures and take photos for the monks in Nalanduo Temple.
As it happens, Shi Ziguang, the master of the middle school, is also there, talking about "On the Middle Way" and "On a Hundred Schools of Thought", and opposing the law only knows the theory. Therefore, Xuanzang wrote 3000 poems about Huizong Lun (lost) to reconcile the theories of Mahayana and yoga.
At the same time, he participated in the debate with Prajna, a scholar of the Ministry of Positive Quantities, and wrote 1600 articles praising the Theory of Controlling Evil (lost). He also gave lectures at the invitation of Kumoro, king of molybdenum industry in East India (now Assam, India), and wrote Three-body (lost).
In the 19th year of Zhenguan, Xuanzang returned to Chang 'an at the age of 46 and traveled abroad for 17 years, covering 56 countries. At that time, Shi Zi said, "The Taoist custom is urgent, so let's go to the city." Van Gogh brought back by Xuanzang from India and Central Asia? Buddhist scriptures are very rich, ***526? 657, which is of great help to the study of Buddhist original documents.
In the second year after Master Xuanzang returned to China, that is, in the twentieth year of Zhenguan (646), he began to organize a translation field for sutras, first in Hongfu Temple, then in Ji 'ang Temple, Beique Hongting, Yuhua Palace and other places. Until the first year of Linde (664), *** 19, 75 Buddhist scriptures were translated successively. The translated classics were later called new versions.
He also dictated the "Datang Western Regions" written by the debating machine. The book describes the 1 10 cities, regions and countries that Xuanzang experienced in the west of Gaochang, including their size, geography, agriculture, commerce, customs, literature and art, language, writing, currency, kings, religion and so on.
It is not only an important document to study the ancient history, religious history and the history of Sino-foreign relations in Central and South Asia. There are many versions handed down from generation to generation, and these three ancient versions have important reference value for sorting out and studying the records of the Western Regions in the Tang Dynasty. In addition, Xuanzang also ordered the translation of China classics such as Laozi into Sanskrit for dissemination in India.
Extended data
Dunhuang murals are the earliest pictures of Xuanzang's learning from the West in China, revealing Xuanzang's mental journey of learning from the West.
Recently, Dunhuang Research Institute revealed six existing paintings of Xuanzang Buddhist Scriptures in Dunhuang murals, which symbolically showed Xuanzang 17' s arduous journey to the west. These murals were painted in caves in the Xixia era in Guazhou, Gansu Province, and are the earliest Xuanzang Buddhist scriptures in China.
It is understood that the six Buddhist scriptures in Dunhuang murals are all depicted by two key figures, Xuanzang and Wukong. The story of Xuanzang's learning from the scriptures is widely known because of the mythical novel The Journey to the West. Based on the western learning of Master Xuanzang and folk stories, the book created the image of the Monkey King, a rebel who dared to resist, was good at fighting and was fearless, and was deeply loved by people.
Dunhuang Research Institute believes that the Silk Road is the only way for Xuanzang to learn from the West. In order to express admiration for Tang Yan's great spirit of learning from the West, later folk art painters and some local Buddhist believers created a number of paintings of Xuanzang learning from the West in Buddhist grottoes and temple murals circulating at that time.
According to the analysis of Dunhuang Research Institute, there are many records about Xuanzang's journey to the West in the unearthed documents of Dunhuang Tibetan Sutra Cave. Xuanzang got help from local officials and people when he passed through Guazhou, so he left a widely circulated adventure story. The painters used their artistic imagination to draw the story on the wall.
Take the map of Buddhist scriptures on the north side of the west wall of the second cave of Yulin Grottoes as an example. The Tang Priest in cassock stood on the tumbling shore with his hands folded to worship Guanyin. The Monkey King hair shawl behind him, wearing a golden hoop, holding a white horse in one hand and looking at Guanyin in the distance with one hand over his forehead. Without saluting, he jumped off the wall irreverently. The white horse only shows its head. The painter vividly portrayed the monkey's naughty, alert and wild character.
According to the Dunhuang Academy, the six paintings of Xuanzang Buddhist Scriptures in Dunhuang murals are basically the same in content and expression. Most of them are not independent pictures, but interspersed with the changes of Guanyin and Pu Xian. This is consistent with the mythical novel The Journey to the West's description that Lu Yu, a Tang priest and a disciple, has ulterior motives and asks Guanyin Bodhisattva for help.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Xuanzang (a famous monk in Tang Dynasty)
People's Daily Online-Dunhuang murals are now the earliest Xuanzang Buddhist scriptures in China, revealing the mental process of learning from the West.