Day lily is a perennial herb, and its growth period can be divided into seedling stage, bolting stage and bud stage. The seedlings with high yield, strong stress resistance, rust and leaf spot resistance and good commodity should be selected for planting day lily. Day lily can be propagated by ramets, sliced seedlings, seeds and buds. Here is a brief introduction to the planting methods and field management of day lily.
First, soil preparation and fertilization
1, land selection
Although the day lily does not require high soil conditions, it has the characteristics of being fond of temperature and light, being fond of humidity, being afraid of acid and alkali, and being afraid of sticking. Therefore, it is necessary to choose plots with neutral or slightly acidic soil, loose and non-sticky texture, good soil particle structure, sunny and leeward, and convenient drainage, such as fertile red and yellow soil slopes, flat land around village houses, vegetable garden enemies, tea gardens, etc.
As for the low-lying waterlogged land and saline-alkali land with high groundwater level, poor drainage and heavy soil, it is not suitable for planting, otherwise the seedlings will rot and not grow long.
2. Deep ploughing
The root system of day lily is developed, and the soil preparation needs a depth of more than 33 cm to ensure the normal growth of the root system. Deep tillage can increase the water storage in soil and reduce the harm of drought.
Generally, every 15 row is used as a border when the border is cultivated on the flat land. The width of furrow is about 25 cm and the depth is 15? 20 centimeters. Large, flat and wide land, around and every 4? 5, open a 25? 30 cm, the depth of the main ditch is more than 30 cm, which is beneficial to drainage.
3. Apply sufficient base fertilizer
The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, which can be applied in ditches or holes. Before planting, combine with soil preparation, dig planting ditch more than 30cm or 15? 20 cm, width 25? A 30 cm planting pit. Use 3000 decomposed fertilizers per mu? 4000 Jin, 50 calcium superphosphate? 75 kg, applied in layers, covered with fine soil for about 7 cm after application, so that the roots of seedlings do not contact directly with the roots to prevent root burning, and then planted with surface ripe soil.
4, seedling treatment
Pruning seedlings before planting can reduce the consumption of water and nutrients, reduce the source of pathogenic bacteria, make the remaining parts have strong vitality and improve the survival rate.
When pruning, cut off the black pedicle on the root, the spindle root on the fleshy root, remove the rotten root and cut the root system into 5? 7 cm, cut the seedlings into 6? 7 cm, and remove the residual leaves. Before planting, soak the seedlings with carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl for 10 minute, and then plant them after drying until the surface does not show water.
5. Planting period
The optimum temperature for the growth of day lily is 15? At 30℃, it can sprout all year round. Therefore, except for the peak period of seedling stage to the picking stage, other time periods can be sown, which is not suitable for economic yield. However, in order to ensure robust plants, healthy buds and promote early flowering and high yield, it is best to choose the picking and planting time between 10, or 3? It is best to dig perennial roots and plant them in April.
6. Planting form
Day lily is planted in wide and narrow rows, with 2 rows per border, wide row spacing 1.3m and narrow row spacing of 0.6m After planting, the seedlings are exposed to the ground 1 cm and watered slowly.
Single row of holes were planted, the hole spacing was 0.5m, each hole was an equilateral triangle with a side length of 0.2m, 3 plants were planted at each corner, and 4,200 plants were planted per mu 1.400 holes.
Two plants in a single row, 2 plants in each hole and 3500 plants per mu.
7. Planting depth
Daylily should be deeply planted. The root system of day lily grows new roots from the shortened stem from bottom to top once a year. If the planting is too shallow, it will be threatened by drought in autumn and winter, which will affect its survival and emergence. After planting, it will be 1. Within two years, if you encounter flooding, it will expose the root system, affect the absorption and utilization of the root system, and hinder the growth and development of plants.
In shallow planting, tillering occurs quickly, the root system is underdeveloped, the plant is thin, the Hua Teng is thin, the number of buds is small, and the yield is low. But if the planting is too deep and the tillering is too slow, the high-yield period will be delayed 1? Two years. Therefore, the day lily must be planted deep, generally about 13 cm.
When planting, planting ditches or holes should be opened first, and the seedlings should be slightly covered with soil after being buried, and then fertilized and covered with soil, so that the seedlings are exposed to the soil surface for 3 mm, and the covering height should be flat.
Second, on-site management
The key to the field management of day lily is to promote the seedlings to enter the full flowering stage in advance, further improve the yield in the prosperous period and extend the picking period.
There is a jingle in the main producing areas of day lily, which is the experience of day lily management.
Loosening soil, weeding diligently, drainage, disease prevention, fertilization and seedling promotion in spring.
Summer fertilizer can protect flower buds, prevent diseases and insects, and resist drought and waterlogging.
In autumn, remove the stems and leaves, burn weeds, and apply topdressing deeply to strengthen autumn seedlings.
Farming outside soil in winter scatters manure, and building soil to conserve water and soil.
The main meaning is:
1, cultivated
Daylily has a long growth period and is easy to grow weeds. At the same time, the soil is often trampled during the harvest period, and the soil is dense. Therefore, it is particularly important to dig deep into loose soil and take root and raise seedlings.
Generally, after the surface is thawed in spring, soil fertilizer is applied first, and then the exotic soil at the top of the plant cluster is turned over and broken with a rake, and then cultivated around the plants. Digging deep between rows, reaching 10? 15cm. At this time, loosening soil and breaking soil blocks are beneficial to ventilation, raising ground temperature, promoting rooting and accelerating seedling emergence. In the future, the temperature is getting higher and higher, and there are often weeds. After irrigation or rain, the soil is easy to harden, so shallow tillage should be carried out in time until the ridge is closed.
Daylily is usually from 2? Beginning in 3 years, it is carried out every year after the winter seedlings die. If we do it after the spring seedlings are released, we will crush them to death. It is best to cultivate the soil with fertile garden soil and manure.
2. Plastic film mulching
From late February to early March, high-quality farmyard manure was applied in Daxing, and chemical fertilizer was applied in small-scale day lily fields. Digging ditches in large rows, watering, spraying herbicides and covering with plastic film, strong buds can break through the plastic film and be unearthed.
Plastic film mulching can be advanced 1? Reaching the high-yield period in two years can also extend the high-yield period. But it will also increase the number of tillers. In order to prevent the canopy shading from affecting the output, the pier should be divided two years in advance.
3. Drainage and irrigation
Daylily is drought-tolerant, so it doesn't need much water before pumping. After pumping started in mid-May, the water demand gradually increased. At this time, water shortage not only causes slow pumping, but also causes few flowers, sometimes even no flowers. The harvest period is the period when water is most needed, so it is necessary to water it frequently, otherwise the flower buds will become thinner, the branches will decrease, the flower buds will drop more and the yield will be low.
When irrigating, we must fully and evenly irrigate, especially the first irrigation at harvest time. It is necessary to irrigate every corner of the field in order to harvest neatly. Every four? Irrigation once every 7 days. From the beginning of harvest to the end of flowering, the soil must always be moist.
Irrigation is best done in the morning or at night. The ground temperature is high at noon, and irrigation is not good for the growth of day lily. When harvesting, if it is sunny after heavy rain, it is easy to cause flower buds to fall off, so shallow irrigation can be carried out immediately after sunny day to ease the temperature and reduce flower buds to fall off.
The water demand of day lily after harvest is not large, so you can water it once, and pay attention to intertillage and soil conservation. Irrigation before winter and after winter.
4. Fertilization
(1), fertilizing before planting.
Day lily is a perennial crop, and it takes a certain number of years to replant after planting, so it is very important to apply sufficient base fertilizer before planting. If the basal fertilizer is insufficient before planting, the production will be delayed and the yield will be low after planting.
The base fertilizer can be decomposed pig cow dung, high-quality pond mud, field mud, compost and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, which are applied to the planting ditch in layers. When planting, apply high-quality fertilizer ash and human excrement as fertilizer. In this way, layer-by-layer fertilization can ensure the continuous supply of nutrients and lay a good foundation for high and stable yield.
(2) Fertilization during planting
According to the different growth and development stages of day lily, it is required to apply sufficient winter fertilizer, early seedling fertilizer, compound fertilizer and bud supplement fertilizer.
First, winter fertilizer
Winter fertilizer is the most important fertilization in the growth and development of day lily, which has a great influence on the annual output in the future. Fertilization should be carried out when the aboveground part of day lily stops growing and withers after frost. In winter, organic fertilizer should be mainly used, and the dosage should be large, with appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer. It can be applied in clumps or between rows, and can be applied in furrows at a distance of 10 cm from plant clumps.
B, spring seedling fertilizer
After daylily began to emerge in mid-February, this stage is the seedling stage before flowering. At this time, the supplied camp disc is mainly used for seedling emergence and leaf growth, which promotes the early and rapid growth of leaves, makes the leaves grow sturdily, and lays the foundation for the number of flower buds and buds.
The application time of spring seedling fertilizer should be early, and it should generally be carried out in the early stage of germination. Because the spring seedling stage of day lily is short, generally only 40? 50 days, too late fertilization can not only promote germination and early development, but also easily infect diseases because of late fertilization. Generally, topdressing organic fertilizer, or superphosphate, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride, or ternary compound fertilizer.
C, fat
After the vigorous growth period, the day lily enters the flowering differentiation period. At this time, on the one hand, it needs to bolting quickly to get pregnant, on the other hand, the leaves continue to grow. Therefore, the stage from bolting to bolting and budding is the most fattening stage in the life of day lily. If the nutrition supply is sufficient, the flower buds can grow healthily, orderly and hypertrophy, with high seed setting rate, enhanced germination ability and prolonged picking period. Otherwise, the flower buds are thin and uneven, the seed setting rate is low and the yield is low.
The fertilizer should be applied once at the beginning of flower bud differentiation and once at the beginning of extraction. For the first time, it is best to mix manure and cake fertilizer, and then apply them after fermentation to promote the development of flower buds, or topdressing chemical fertilizers. The total amount of fertilizer used twice is urea 12.5? 15 kg, calcium superphosphate 10? 15 kg, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 10? 12.5 kg. The first use of fertilizer is slightly less than the second.
Ferret d
Fertilizer is an auxiliary measure and has a certain effect on increasing production. Daylily has the characteristics of continuous picking and germination, which takes a long time and consumes a lot of nutrition during the whole picking period. The purpose of fertilization is to supplement nutrition, prevent premature aging after fertilization, and keep the leaves green, so as to promote the growth of day lily, improve the germination rate, prolong the picking period, and thus improve the yield of day lily.
This topdressing can be sprayed with urea mixed with water on the rhizosphere or outside the root, such as potassium chloride solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.
5. Bao Lei
The flower buds of day lily are easy to turn yellow and fall off, and some are as high as 50% or more. Bud dropping mainly occurs at the harvest time, mainly because of the growth peak of day lily. This is because in the early stage of harvest, the plants are rich in nutrition, and at the same time, there are few mature buds, which consume little nutrition and water, so there are few buds falling. At the peak of harvest, there are many mature buds every day, which need to consume a lot of water and nutrients. If there is drought at this time, it will cause a lot of buds to fall.
For the prevention and control of day lily bud drop, varieties with vigorous growth and drought tolerance can be selected. Second, the robust growth of plants is the basic condition to ensure normal germination, and places with deep soil layers and convenient irrigation and drainage should be chosen as far as possible. Soil should be deeply ploughed, more organic fertilizer should be applied, soil should be loosened in summer, and fertilizer should be applied in winter to prevent and control pests and diseases in time, and timely irrigation and fertilization should be carried out to promote plant growth. The third is to spray plant growth regulators to prevent buds from falling.
6, pest control
Day lily is prone to rust, leaf spot, leaf blight, anthracnose, stem blight, brown spot, red spider, aphid, grub and other diseases and insect pests in the growth process, so attention should be paid to timely prevention and control.
Third, the problems that should be paid attention to in the process of planting
It takes a long time to pick the day lily, and long-term trampling will lead to soil hardening, so it is very important to dig deep into the soil in autumn.
Turn the soil in early autumn, preferably from early August to mid-June 10. Dig deep into the soil, induce the root system to knot, not only drain water but also preserve water, and enhance the drought resistance. Daylily is best cultivated in sunny days when the soil is dry. If deep ploughing is carried out when the soil humidity is high, the soil will be stabilized again, and the purpose of deep ploughing will not be achieved. On the contrary, it will make the soil more hardened and not conducive to plant growth. When digging deeply, large pieces of soil should be turned over, with topsoil facing down and subsoil facing up, so as to maintain a certain porosity, which is beneficial to soil weathering and improve soil fertility.
We should do a good job in increasing the application of potassium fertilizer. Under the condition of potassium deficiency in soil, the flower buds of day lily will increase, the disease will increase and the yield will decrease. Applying potassium fertilizer to soil can improve the stress resistance of plants, increase the number of buds, increase the rate of bud formation, increase yield and improve quality, which is an effective measure to increase production and efficiency.
Day lily can germinate spring seedlings and autumn seedlings twice a year, among which autumn seedlings begin to germinate in autumn after picking flowers, stop growing after the first frost in winter, and finally dry up and die. Don't think that autumn seedlings are useless. Cutting seedlings many times will have a great impact on the yield and quality of day lily.
Therefore, in order to make autumn seedlings grow early and develop quickly, maintain the balanced development of aboveground and underground parts, and realize the prosperity of leaves and roots of seedlings, we should harvest old seedlings as soon as possible and do a good job of deep ploughing and turning over the soil. Generally, after the day lily is harvested in late August, the old seedlings should be cut off in time in the first half of September to eliminate pests and diseases. At the same time, let autumn seedlings grow early and quickly, quickly reach a certain green page area for photosynthesis, accumulate nutrients and transport them to the roots for preservation.
When cutting old leaves, completely cover the soil slurry and cultivate with soil to ensure that the day lily can survive the cold winter.
In short, there is a certain market for daylily, which is very good to feed. In cultivation management, we should pay attention to spring tube, autumn tube and winter tube. Spring tube is the foundation, autumn tube is the key and autumn tube is the guarantee. According to the growth and development law of day lily, the management of each season is reasonably arranged to produce high-quality day lily with light yellow or golden color, fresh and tender texture, compact meat, uniform and strong, and fragrant smell.