Thus, in the third year of building a health clinic in Shenyang, the reconstruction of Shenyang City began. Records of Liaodong are as follows:
In the twenty-first year of Hongwu, Zhong Min was ordered to build an old building in Shenyang. Nine miles and thirty paces in all directions, twenty feet and a half high. The pool is double-decked, three feet wide and eight feet deep. It is three feet and eight feet wide, and there are wonders around eleven miles. There are four city gates: Yongning in the east, Baoan in the south, Anding in the north and Yongchang in the west. Chengnan Nanguan; Teaching area, one mile east of the city.
The term "built because of the old" here means that it was built on the basis of Shenyang City in Yuan Dynasty, but I don't think it is necessary to make full use of the old wall of Yuan Dynasty at that time, because according to the "Reconstruction of Shenyang Road Temple Monument" in Yuan Dynasty, the western wall of Shenyang City in Yuan Dynasty should be in the east of the western wall in Ming and Qing Dynasties, not in a line, at least part of Shenyang City in Ming Dynasty was newly built. Therefore, the scale of this reconstruction is also a big one in Shenyang's urban construction history. It not only heightens and strengthens the original city wall, but also changes the moat from one to two. At the same time, the four doors were rebuilt and renamed. It can be said that after this transformation, Shenyang has taken on a new look. Zhong Min, a native of Guangning (now Beizhen), was resolute and talented. As the first central defender commander of Shenyang in Ming Dynasty, he made a historic contribution to the reconstruction of Shenyang City.
In terms of scale, Shenyang is an upper-middle city, ranking fourth after Liaoyang, Guangning and Kaiyuan. During the more than 200 years of Ming Dynasty, Shenyang City was maintained many times, but the scale and pattern of the city did not change much, only later it became a brick city. The city is square, and there is a door in the middle of each wall, forming a cross street in the city. There is a central temple at the intersection, and there is a memorial arch on every street facing the city gate, which is named Yongning, Yingen, Zhenyuan and Jingbian respectively. In Shenyang, there is also a Jinshi Square and two Juren Squares, which are specially set up for Shenyang people who have obtained Jinshi and Juren. Jinshi Square was set up for Fan Wei, and Juren Square was set up for Guo Bin and Fan Wei. Guo Bin (also a guest) was born in the year of Gengzi in Chenghua (16,1480); Fan Fei was born in Leping, Jiangxi, and then moved to Shenyang. Zheng Debing was elected in the middle of the year (eleven years, 15 16). In the second year, he was admitted to Jinshi and taught by the Ministry of Industry. He used to be the governor of Henan, the governor of Ningxia and the right assistant minister of the Ministry of War. Later, he wanted to be a minister of war. Because Yan Song is a country, I quit the old one. In the Ming Dynasty, few people won the bid in Shenyang. After winning the bid, an archway was built for them, which shows the fashion at that time.
The south gate of Shenyang City leads to Liaoyang City, and the capital of Liaoyang is here, which is more important and busy than other gates. After entering the south gate, the North-South Street is also the main street in the city, with the yamen of the county government, Shenyang guerrilla government, Beiyufu, Shenyang Zhongwei, Confucianism and granary on both sides of this street. In the northeast corner of the city, there is an ancient temple Chang'an Temple, in the northwest corner of the city, there is a Xuan Tong Temple, in the west of the temple in the center of the city, there is a Sanguan Temple in the west of Tian Tong Street, and there are a number of temples such as Chongshou Temple and Pagoda in Liao Dynasty outside the north gate, as well as red temples in Ming Dynasty, which are scattered all over Shenyang.
In Shenyang in the Ming Dynasty, the most noteworthy is the central temple. In ancient China, building landmark buildings in the city center had three functions: first, as a symbol of the city center; second, for people to watch; third, for the need of geomantic omen. According to the ancient geomantic theory, two opposite gates cannot intersect, and there must be an object in the middle. Buddhism prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, and at the crossroads of some cities, some built Buddhist scriptures dedicated to Darani. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a central pavilion. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the bell and drum towers were often built at crossroads. Beizhen (Guangning), Xingcheng (Ningyuanwei) and Jinzhou (Qiantunwei of Guangning) in Liaoning Province all have bell and drum towers at the central intersection, and there are four opposite doors below. But only in the center of Shenyang in the Ming Dynasty, a central temple was built. In the illustration of Records of the Manchu Dynasty, there is also a four-door street building in the center of Shenyang. It is difficult to determine whether this was the realism of the Central Temple at that time. When Huang Taiji rebuilt Shenyang City in the early Qing Dynasty, the central hall remained. Now the central temple is basically what it looks like after modern reconstruction. Located outside the north wall of the main hall of the Forbidden City in Shenyang, it covers an area of less than half an acre and is surrounded by walls. There is a big hall for the statue of Guan Yu, and things are dedicated to the gods such as the city god, the god of wealth, the mountain god and the land. According to the records of 1938 rebuilt central temple monument, when 1938 was rebuilt, there were still ten plaques in the temple, the oldest of which was hung in the first year of Qing Daoguang (182 1), and the name of Liu Zhensheng, the landing way, was affixed to the plaque. At that time, Liu's descendants still lived on the east side of the temple. According to him, the central temple was first established by Jiangsu and Zhejiang businessmen in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Since the Qing Dynasty, it has been said that the central temple is Tai Chi in Shenyang, which has the function of controlling the eight gates and eight passes in Shenyang and protecting the palace. But when the central temple was built, whether it was called the central temple at that time, and what the temple looked like are still historical mysteries in Shenyang.
Shenyang Zhongxin Temple
By the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the border defense in the north became increasingly tense. In the twenty-second year of Jiajing (1543), in order to strengthen the cooperation between Guangning and Liaoyang, it was decided to add a guerrilla in Shenyang and send 3,000 more troops. In addition, an extension of Nanguan, with a circumference of 679 feet, was built outside Bao 'anmen, the south gate of Shenyang, for guerrillas to live in.
Throughout the Ming Dynasty, the function of Shenyang City was mainly military, and the number of soldiers even exceeded the number of people. Xiong Tingbi once said: "Liaodong is different from the abdomen. Not an official but an army, not an army but an official. " So the vast majority of Liaodong are troops, family members and gang members, and most of them are from the mainland. Among the gentry, there are still some who "plead guilty" and only a few businessmen. But in the early Ming Dynasty, reclamation in Liaodong promoted economic development. It is estimated that by the end of 16, the city will be rich in economic life and active in business. During the Yongle period, the grain in Liaodong could not only feed hundreds of thousands of troops in Liaodong, but also feed the surplus grain in the customs. However, in the late Ming Dynasty, the economy was greatly affected by the increasing urgency of border defense. According to Records of Liaodong, in the 22nd year of Jiajing (1543), the registered population of Shenyang Zhongwei was only 5,643, including 3 Ma Jun119, 3,089 Bu Jun, 382 Tian Juanjun, 46 Jian Yanjun, 55 Chao Tiejun and 78 Ji Min. Register 40 mu of farmland 1309 hectare, grain 17666 stone bucket, grass 179 100 bundle, salt 127 170 kg, iron/kloc-. According to the records of the whole Liao Dynasty, in the forty-four years of Jiajing (1565), more than one hundred years later, the number of Zhongwei households in Shenyang decreased, with only 17 13 households and 4,964 people, while the amount of grain, grass and salt collected remained unchanged, and the iron increased to16,000 Jin. The registered population is 23 households with more than 200 people; 53 new families 127 families; At this time, a number of "recruiting households" were added, with 2,478 households and 98,064 households. The number of Ma Army, Bu Army, Tun Army, Fried Salt Army and Tiejun Army remained basically unchanged. Of course, these so-called account numbers are by no means the actual population, but only the registered tax amount. But it can be speculated that the population and economy of Shenyang have not developed much in the past 100 years. Of course, the reason is that the border situation is getting tighter and tighter, and everything is mainly military. It is precisely for this reason that the corvee in Liaodong was also very heavy in the late Ming Dynasty, and there were 1982 monks in Shenyang every year. In addition, since Jiajing, the frequent occurrence of natural disasters in Liaodong area is also a reason that hinders economic development.