yongzheng emperor, like
After Yongzheng ascended the throne, although various threats still lurked, the first important thing he wanted to do publicly was naturally to handle the funeral of the first emperor.
As early as the 15th year of Emperor Kangxi, Emperor Kangxi decided to build his own birthday burial place in the southeast of Xiaoding Mausoleum in Shunzhi, Changrui Mountain, 125 miles east of Beijing. After six years of intense construction, it was completed in the twentieth year of Kangxi. Empresses Xiaocheng and Xiaozhao were first buried, and Empress Xiaoyi was buried in 28 years. On the third day of December 61, Kangxi's Zigong was enshrined in Jingshan Shouhuang Hall. On February 17th, the first year of Yongzheng, the current courtiers prepared the nine characters of Emperor Kangxi's mausoleum to present a new and great yongzheng emperor, and Yongzheng personally pricked his finger to delimit the word "Jingling" by referring to blood, so Kangxi Mausoleum was named Jingling. By March 27th, Kangxi's Zigong was initiated by Shouhuang Hall, and arrived in Dongling District on April 2nd, and was temporarily placed in the Long 'en Hall in Jingling. On the first day of September, he was buried in Jingling underground palace. Emperor Kangxi was also buried with Empress Xiao Gongren (the mother of Yongzheng) and Emperor Jingmin.
Emperor Kangxi's Mausoleum, located in Dongling District, Qing Dynasty
Although Yongzheng implemented a series of actions of "killing his brother and killing his brother" and "cooking a rabbit and killing a dog" after he ascended the throne, and successively killed the princes who were hostile to him, banished them from the army and sent them to defend the mausoleum, the rumors of the opposition that he played a conspiracy and usurped the great position continued one after another. Among the numerous legends about his plot to usurp the throne, the most famous one is that Kangxi left a posthumous edict of "passing on fourteen sons" before his death, which was changed from "ten" to "Yu" by Yongzheng, thus becoming "passing on four sons" (later verified by historians, this statement is not credible, because the testamentary edict was written in Manchu and Chinese at that time). With the spread of these legends, it was mysteriously lifted among the people. Yongzheng went to Yixian county, west of Beijing, to build a mausoleum alone, which created an excuse for his usurpation and covered it with a layer of mystery.
The map of Qingxi Mausoleum in Yixian County, 125km west of Beijing
After Yongzheng ascended the throne, with the steady political power, I began to think of building a mausoleum. In the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726), Yunxiang, Zhang Tingyu and officials from the Ministry of Industry and the Ministry of Internal Affairs were ordered to handle tomb affairs. The warlocks, led by officials such as Yun Xiang, first chose auspicious land at the foot of Changrui Mountain in Malanyu, where emperors Shunzhi and Kangxi were buried, but did not choose a suitable place. Later, I chose Jiufeng chao yang shan, which is not far from Xiaoling and Jingling, and has a good feng shui, and got the approval of Yongzheng. However, later, the courtiers and warlocks who were well versed in Kanyu thought that Jiufeng chao yang shan was "large in scale and incomplete in shape, and the soil in the cave was filled with sand and gravel, so it was really unusable". Therefore, Yongzheng abolished this mausoleum site and let the courtiers conduct another survey. However, for some reason, these courtiers couldn't find a good cave for a long time, and for some reason, Yongzheng began to order Prince Yi Yunxiang and Han minister Gao Qizhuo to abandon the east of the capital and go to the mountains in the southwest of the capital to collect divination. After Yunxiang and others were ordered, after many investigations, they found the "land of eternal happiness" in Taipingyu and Xinglong Village in Yizhou, and went back to the palace to recommend it to Yongzheng. According to Yunxiang and others, it is surrounded by Yunmeng Mountain in the west, Taining Mountain in the north, hilly land in the east and Yishui River in the south. It can be called: "The area where Gankun gathers and shows is the place where the sunrise meets and the sand and gravel in the dragon cave are beautiful. The situation is reasonable, and all the auspicious things are prepared. " After Yongzheng's tour, he also thought that this place was "the mountain water law, which is well organized and clear, and it is a land of good luck."
The Dragon Wind Gate in Tailing, yongzheng emperor, Qingling Mausoleum
However, if we choose the mausoleum site here, it obviously violates the system that the son is buried with his father, so Yongzheng can't express his position immediately. He only said that although the place is beautiful, it is "hundreds of miles away from his father's Jingling and his grandfather's Xiaoling Mausoleum, I can't bear it". . In private, they are suggesting that the crowd is looking for evidence and excuses for themselves. The courtiers got the message and quickly quoted the classics and found out a lot of seemingly reasonable basis. Yun Xiang, together with the university students, praised: "Although all the tombs of Han and Tang Dynasties were built in Shaanxi, the tombs of Emperor Gaozu, Emperor Wendi, Emperor Jingdi and Emperor Wudi were distributed in Xianyang, Chang 'an, Gaoling and Xingping, while the tombs of Tang Gaozu, Emperor Taizong, Emperor Gaozong and Xuanzong were scattered in Sanyuan, Liquan, Ganxian and Pucheng. According to this code, building a mausoleum in Yizhou is not incompatible with ancient rituals. Moreover, Zunhua and Yizhou are both auxiliary places, not far from the capital, and they can completely build a mausoleum. " The ministers did not live up to their high expectations, and quoted the classics to make Yongzheng's intention be implemented smoothly. In the eighth year of Yongzheng (173), the construction of Tailing in Yizhou began, and it was completed in the second year of Qianlong (1737). On the second day of March of the same year, Yong Zhengdi's Zigong was buried in Tailing Underground Palace. At this point, the funeral norm of "Zhao Mu System" followed by the Qing Dynasty after entering the customs was easily broken by Yongzheng, and history turned a corner here silently. That is the Qing Dongling Mausoleum in Malanyu, Zunhua County, 125 kilometers east of Beijing, and the Qing Xiling Mausoleum in Yixian County, 125 kilometers west of Beijing. The tombs of emperors in the Qing Dynasty began to be divided into two major tombs with the capital as the coordinate, and the eastern and western tombs were 25 kilometers apart.
Scenery of Qing Xiling
In the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735), at midnight on August 23rd, Yongzheng, who had tried his best and risked everything to get the throne, just sat as emperor for thirteen years, and then died in Yuanmingyuan, and was buried in Yizhou Tailing Underground Palace.
The cause of Yongzheng's death is not recorded in the history books, which makes people suspicious and there are many rumors. One of the rumors from the people is that Lv Siniang was assassinated and killed, and Yongzheng's head was cut off and taken away. When the courtiers buried him, they cast a golden head on Yongzheng's body, so that the body was buried. First, he died of poisoning. In the afternoon, Yongzheng was still discussing with his officials in Yuanmingyuan Palace, and suddenly died of a sudden illness in the evening.
yongzheng emperor Tailing Monument Building
Qing Xiling Stone Statue Student
After Yongzheng's death, Emperor Hongli, the fourth son of the Emperor, succeeded to the throne by testamentary edict. This is the famous Qianlong Emperor in history. When Qianlong ascended the throne, he did not inquire about the cause of Yongzheng's sudden death. Later dynasties kept it a secret and could not examine it in detail. To completely solve this unsolved case or witness whether Yongzheng was buried with a golden head, the truth can only be revealed by opening Yongzheng's own Tailing. And the origin of the Tailing itself is a historical mystery.
As for this mystery, the folk rumor is that Yongzheng changed from Changchun Garden to imperial edict and plotted to usurp the throne, and then murdered his brother and brother, which made him feel guilty. After his death, he was afraid of being punished by the late Emperor Kangxi, so he decided to choose another mausoleum site and went to Yizhou, a western suburb of Beijing, to build a mausoleum alone, regardless of his ancestral system. Kangxi, who was hundreds of miles away, was helpless to him. Yes, yes, no? Historians have yet to make further research.
The statue of Emperor Qianlong
Since Yongzheng broke the funeral system of "the son was buried with his father, and the ancestor inherited it" and buried it in Yixian County, Jingxi, Qianlong, who had just ascended the throne, followed his father and sent his servants to choose the land in the Xiling area. When Yoshida was chosen, Qianlong suddenly changed his mind and sent his officials to Dongling to choose.
Zunhua Qing Dongling Map, which is located 125km east of Beijing
After seven years' work, university students Santai, Guo Yigong, Shang Shu Haiwang, together with Qin Tianjian's supervisor Zheng Jin 'ai, entered Dongling area to survey the terrain. A few days later, Shuiyu, which won the victory, "is surrounded by dragons and tigers, and the stars are connected with clouds, allowing the association to be auspicious for thousands of years." After glancing at the drawings, Gan Long was very satisfied and ordered to start construction on the 1th day of February of the following year. At this point, the long river of funeral regulations in the Qing Dynasty changed its course here after the turn of Yongzheng Dynasty. Since then, the mainstream of the long river has been divided into two parts, with one branch flowing to Dongling and the other to Xiling, thus forming a unique regulation and landscape in the funeral history of China dynasties. The ideological context and internal relationship of this practice are mainly due to Qianlong's consideration. If the emperors of all dynasties were buried in Xiling after himself, then Dongling must have a feeling of declining incense and helplessness, and it will be ruined for a long time. This choice was made in order to take into account the rise and fall of the Eastern and Western Tombs. On this point, when Qianlong ceded the throne to his son Jiaqing in 61 (1796), he made it very clear in the imperial edict on December 2.
Emperor Qianlong's Yuling Building in Dongling, Qing Dynasty
Qianlong's imperial edict not only stated the reason why he chose Shougong in Dongling, but also made a rigid rule of "trillion burial system", that is, if his father was in Dongling, his son was in Xiling; Father in Xiling, son in Dongling. That is to say, Yongzheng is in Xiling, Qianlong should be in Dongling, while Qianlong is in Dongling, his son is in Xiling, and his grandson should choose Dongling, and so on. When the idea of giving consideration to both the East and the West Mausoleum was put forward, Gan Long was afraid that any unworthy descendant would be as original as his father, and neither the East nor the West Mausoleum would be chosen, and a new portal would be set up, and then a Nanling or Beiling would be chosen. In this way, the "mega-burial system" he envisioned was bound to be broken, resulting in a chaotic situation in which the tiger pulled over and ran over. To this end, he made a special provision, either east or west, and could no longer choose another mausoleum site casually, thus breaking the idea of ingenuity of future generations. All these, while reflecting the overall situation of Qianlong, can also fully glimpse his good intentions in dealing with such affairs at that time.
Emperor Qianlong's Yuling Underground Palace
In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), Qianlong died in hall of mental cultivation at the age of 89. His death was a natural death of an 89-year-old man after his vital energy and blood dried up. This is the first time that the emperors of the Six Dynasties have been on their way to the grave since the founding of the People's Republic of China in Kanto and the rule of China by Saizu Shunzhi. It is also one of the few emperors who did not leave an unsolved case on the death complex during the nearly 3-year history of the Qing Dynasty.
Emperor Qianlong's favorite princess, the statue of Xiang Fei, was buried in the imperial concubine garden in the Eastern Qing Dynasty.
Many years later, the skull was discovered by Xu Guangyuan, an expert in the Cultural Relics Management Office of the Eastern Qing Dynasty.
On September 15th, 4th year of Jiaqing, Ganlongzi Palace was buried in Shengshuiyu of Dongling, which is called the underground Xuan Palace of Yuling. There were five empresses who were buried with her, namely, two empresses, Xiao Xian and Xiao Yi, and three imperial concubines, Hui Xian, Zhe Min and Shu Jia. As far as the number of people buried is concerned, it is the same as Kangxi Mausoleum, and it is one of the few. Just to the surprise of Qianlong himself and the later generations who were buried in Dongling with him, his midway change and the issuance of this decree made them have the bad luck that the mausoleum was stolen and the bones were thrown one hundred years later. When this kind of bad luck comes, the world can't help but make various assumptions. If Qianlong was buried in Xiling that year and his descendants followed suit, would there be a miserable landscape in which Dongling was stolen a hundred years later? Will Qianlong and his descendants, like the master of the Qing Xiling Mausoleum seen today, sleep in the underground mysterious palace safely?