Wugong is located in the west of Guanzhong Plain, with Xingping in the east, Yangling and Fufeng in the west, Ganxian in the north and zhouzhi county across the Weihe River in the south. There is a highway bridge connecting the two counties on the Weihe River, which makes Xibao Expressway directly accessible to Zhouzhi and southern Shaanxi. There are 8 towns, 4 townships, 262 autonomous villages and 6 community neighborhood committees in the county, with 411,4 people, including 374, agricultural people. The total area of the county is 397.8 square kilometers, including 425, mu of cultivated land, with a per capita of 1.1 mu, which is one of the counties with less per capita land area and higher population density in our province.
the territory is dominated by the Han nationality, and there are 11 ethnic minorities such as Hui, Manchu, Bai, Zhuang, Mongolia, Dong, Dai, Korea, Tujia, Xibo and Tu. Longhai Railway, Xibao Expressway, Xibao Highway Central Line, North Line and Provincial Highway 17 pass through the territory, and the traffic is very convenient. The urban area is 7km away from the ancient city of Xi 'an in the east, 5km away from Xianyang International Airport and 8km away from Baoji, an important industrial town in the west. It is an important transportation hub and material distribution center in Guanzhong area with flat and open terrain and excellent geographical location.
administrative divisions
in p>26, Wugong county governed 8 towns and 4 townships: Puji town, Sufang town, Wugong town, Youfeng town, Zhenyuan town, chang ning zhen, small villages and towns, Dazhuang town, Daijia town, Hedao town, Nanren town and Puji street town.
Historical evolution
The establishment of Wugong County began in the twelfth year of Qin Xiaogong (35 BC). In the second year of Tianfeng in the new dynasty (AD 15), Wang Mang was changed to Xinguang County. At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was abandoned in Meixian County. Yongping eight years (65 years), the restoration of Wugong County. In the 11th year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (487), Wugong County was established. In the third year of Jiande (574), the abandoned county was established. After the Five Dynasties and the Jin Dynasty, Wugong County was set up, and the county was changed to a county in the later Zhou Dynasty. In the 29th year of Jin Dading (1189), the county name was changed to Mu Jong. Wugong County was renamed in Yuan Dynasty.
On May 19th, 1949, the martial arts was liberated, and the system of Bao and A was abolished, and the district offices and township people's governments were established. The county is divided into 9 districts and 76 townships, including Chengguan, Yangling, Dazhuang, Puji, Xuegu, Changning, Zhenyuan, Weigong and No.3 Factory. In September, the No.3 factory area of Weihe River (***5 Township) was assigned to _ _ County. In May, 1951, Shangying and Xinzhai townships in the north of Yangling District, Miaodi, Maojiazui, Zhaojiaya and Wangjiajiao villages in the south and north of Dazhuang District, and Maxizhai Fort in Zhenyuan District were transferred to Chengguan District.
in June p>1952, the original 71 township was reduced to 64 townships. In August 1955, the county people's government was renamed "County People's Committee"; The Township People's Government was renamed the Township People's Committee. Jia Chao Township in the eighth district (Wei Gong) was assigned to the first district (Chengguan). In March 1956, the district was withdrawn and merged into the township, and the county set up three towns: Chengguan, Yangling and Puji; Sixteen townships including Shangying, Duzhai, Litai, Dazhuang, Zhangzhai, Nanren, Puji, Xuegu, Beiying, Changning, Hedao, Daijia, Zhenyuan, Weicun, Zhoucun and Niutai were merged into seven townships. In October 1958, people's communes were established, and seven townships were changed into seven people's communes, namely, upstream (Chengguan), Hongqi (Yangling), Yuejin (Puji), Satellite (Xuegu), Dongfeng (Changning), Rocket (Zhenyuan) and Sino-Soviet (Sufang). In November of the same year, seven people's communes were changed into five people's communes, namely, Wugong, Yangling, Puji, Changning and Zhenyuan, which governed 27 administrative districts. The former agricultural production cooperative was renamed as the production brigade.
on August 1, 1961, the organizational system of Wugong county was restored, and the original five people's communes were divided into 14 people's communes, which governed 244 production brigades. In 1964, Guancun and Zhoujia Village of Wuquan Commune in Fufeng County were placed under Yangling Commune in Wugong County. In April 1965, Yangling, Puji and Xiaocun were established. In May 1984, the establishment of communes and brigades was abolished, and the county set up three towns and 12 townships, which governed 365 villagers' committees (511 natural villages) and 4 residents' committees. And changed the station commune to Beiying Township; Wugong commune is Wugong town; Tianjia, Guijia, Dongli Jiada, Xiaobao and Qujia of the original station commune were classified as Puji Town; Rencun, Chengjia, Xiaocun and Xuecun of the former Xuegu Commune belong to Xiaocun. In November 21, 8 towns and 7 townships in the county were merged into 8 towns and 4 townships, and the original three townships of guanyin temple, Xuegu and Beiying were abolished and merged into Dazhuang, Xiaocun and Puji respectively.
natural resources
the topography of Wugong county consists of three types: the front zone of piedmont diluvial fan and loess plateau, floodplain and alluvial terrace of river valley. 97% of the cultivated land is flat land, 94.3% is high-quality soil such as Shilou soil and loess, and the total land area of the county is 589,252.1 mu, including 434,741.1 mu of cultivated land and 395,784.5 mu of irrigated land, accounting for 91.2% of the cultivated land area. There are three rivers in the territory, all of which belong to the Weihe River system. The total amount of water resources available is 265.538 million cubic meters, and the developed amount is 171.698 million cubic meters. In dry years, the average mu is irrigated with 253 cubic meters, totaling 127 million cubic meters, and the industrial water consumption is 134 million cubic meters. More than 16 million cubic meters have been exploited, and the total water revenue and expenditure are more than balanced. The annual available groundwater is 159.88 million cubic meters, and the developed groundwater is 99.24 million cubic meters, accounting for 62% of the exploitable groundwater. Groundwater is rich in fertilizer and water resources, mainly composed of nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and a small amount of phosphorus and potassium, which are distributed in 12 administrative villages in 14 townships (towns) with an area of 22,58 mu. The nitrogen content of the developed and utilized fertile wells is 3g/m3 ~ 1g/m3, and the highest nitrogen content of individual wells is 12g/m3 ~ 15g/m3. The county's water conservancy facilities cover an area of 433, mu, accounting for 99.6% of the cultivated land area, and the effective irrigation area is 393,6 mu, accounting for 89.4% of the cultivated land, with a per capita income of 1.5 mu, including 172,576 mu of farmland protected by drought and flood, with a per capita income of .46 mu.
there are many kinds of organisms in China, which are rich in species resources. Among the plants that have been utilized, there are 58 kinds of crops, 1 kinds of fruit trees and 68 kinds of trees. Among the crops, there are 11 kinds of food crops, with winter wheat and summer corn as the main varieties; 18 kinds of cash crops, mainly rape; Apple is the main fruit tree; There are 5 species of coniferous timber trees, 4 species of broad-leaved timber trees, 7 species of garden landscape trees and 11 species of shrubs. Among the animals that have been used, there are 15 species and more than 5 species of livestock and poultry. Dairy cows and cattle are the main livestock, pigs are the main livestock, followed by dairy goats. There are five kinds of poultry, mainly chickens. There are 1 kinds of fish.
population distribution
Wugong is an agricultural county, and its population distribution is mainly in rural areas, with a small proportion of urban population. In 1956, the urban population was 25,16, accounting for 12.1% of the total population; The rural population is 183,894, accounting for 87.99% of the total population. In 1982, the urban population was 31,673, accounting for 8.1% of the total population; The rural population is 359,322, accounting for 91.9% of the total population. In 199, the urban population was 31,53, accounting for 8.46% of the total population; The rural population is 341,174, accounting for 91.54% of the total population.
The population density of each township (town) in Wugong County is also quite different. Small villages and towns, Puji Town, Dazhuang Township and Beiying Township have the largest population density. According to the statistics in 199, there were 4,436.1 people, 2,52.3 people, 1,22.3 people and 1,161.5 people per square kilometer respectively. Hedao Township has the smallest population density, with 669.5 people per square kilometer.
Rivers and rivers
Weihe River is a large transit river in this county and the largest tributary of the Yellow River. Since Fufeng County entered the county, it passed through Dazhuang Town, Puji Town, Puji Street Township and small villages and towns, and was injected into Xingping City in the east, with a total length of 2 kilometers and a drainage area of 9 square kilometers. The widest part of the riverbed is 2m, and the narrowest part is 7m. The average annual flow in China is 147m3/s, the maximum flow is 11m3/s, the minimum flow is 65.5m3/s, and the average annual runoff is 46.4m3..
Qishui River is the second largest crossing river, which was called Dushui, Mu Jong Water and Zhongting Water in ancient times. Originated in linyou county, it entered from Youfeng Town through Gan County. Through Youfeng, Sufang and Wugong Town, it flows southward into Weihe River. The domestic flow is 24 kilometers long and the basin area is 157.2 square kilometers. The annual average flow is 4.32 m3/s, the maximum flow is 265 m3/s, the minimum flow is .3 m3/s, and the annual runoff is 136.236 million m3.
_ River is the third crossing river, which was called qu shui in ancient times, commonly known as Houhe. Originated in Fengxiang County, it entered Fufeng County, and flowed eastward from Wugong Town to Qishui River in the south, with a total length of 1 kilometers and a domestic flow of 1 kilometers. The annual average flow is .57 cubic meters per second, and the maximum flood flow is 413 cubic meters per second (in 1954). The annual runoff is 17.852 million cubic meters, and the drought is cut off.
Moyu River originates in Yongshou County, flows southward from Gan County, and flows into Qishui River via Sufang to the northeast of Wugong Town. The domestic flow is 6 kilometers long. The average annual flow is .3 cubic meters per second, and the annual runoff is 864, cubic meters. This river is dry most of the year.
Qingshui River has two rivers westbound by Weihe River, Weibei and Weinan, both of which are called Qingshui River, which originated from the beach moraine in the county. The Qingshui River in Weibei flows from west to east to Lijie, and Buwang Village flows into the Qishui River in the south. It has dried up during the Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty and has no trace today. Weinan Qingshui River flows eastward to the west of Xiasantun, zhouzhi county, and retreats into Shahe River through Wugongchang Town (township). In 1949, it was transferred to zhouzhi county along with the Third Factory.
[ Chuandi] Wugong is located in the west of Guanzhong Basin, with simple landform: first, alluvial terraces in river valleys; The second is the loess tableland; The third is the front depression of the piedmont diluvial fan.
The alluvial terraces in the valley are mainly formed by the alluvial of Weihe River, Qishui River, Moyu River and Weishui River. Qishui River is relatively narrow, and the terraces formed are discontinuous and scattered; Weihe River has a long history and a large scale of flood. In different geological ages, it alluvial to form a third terrace, which has a great influence on the geology and geomorphology of Wugong County. The third terrace was formed about 69, years ago, the second terrace was formed about 8, to 1, years ago, and the first terrace was formed about 1, years ago. The first terrace formed late and was not covered by loess. Generally, it was 3-5 meters higher than the riverbed, with an altitude of 417-454 meters. The second terrace is 1-15m higher than the first terrace; The third terrace is 15-25m higher than the second terrace.
The Loess Plateau originally starts from the north of guanyin temple Township in the west, Zhenyuan in the east longitude and the south of the river channel, and connects with the front depression of alluvial fan in the north and the third terrace of Weihe River in the south. It is 2-8 meters higher than the third terrace and 48-56 meters above sea level. Lacquer, Wei and Mo rivers are divided into Wugong Xiyuan, Jinjiayuan and Wugong Dongyuan. The formation began 69, years ago and ended in 8,-1, years. The surface was covered with a layer of loess with a thickness of 1-2 meters, and the lower layer was alluvial layer, alluvial layer, aeolian layer and lake sediment.
The front depression of piedmont diluvial fan is distributed in Weicun tableland of Sufang town, and it is connected with loess tableland in the south, with the terrain high in the south and low in the north, with an altitude of 49-57 meters, and its front edge is connected with Jinjiayuan. The surface is covered with loess with a thickness of 1-2 meters, and the lower layer is mainly alluvial.
the folk custom divides the county into the first, second and third tablelands. Toudaoyuan includes loess tableland and piedmont diluvial fan. The eastern part of Erdaoyuan includes the second and third terraces of Weihe River, while the western part only includes the third terraces. The eastern part of Sandaoyuan is the first terrace of Weihe River, and the western part is the first and second terraces and floodplain.
land resources
(1) soil:
Wugong county belongs to a warm temperate and semi-humid monsoon climate zone. In ancient times, the ground was covered with dense forests and grasslands, thus forming loess as the parent material, and forests and grasslands were replaced by vegetation crops. The original natural soil also evolved continuously due to the human action. According to the soil survey in 1982, there are six types of soil in the county: Lou soil, loess, tidal soil, swamp soil, paddy soil and silt. Its characteristics are: Shilou soil includes red oil soil, black oil soil, black oil soil, black waterlogged soil, brown soil and so on, accounting for 76.7% of the total land area. It is mainly distributed on the terraces of Weihe River. This soil has excellent characteristics such as deep soil layer, deficiency on the top and solid on the bottom, water and fertilizer conservation, and it is the most fertile agricultural soil in this county. Loess includes Huang Shishan soil, silt and silt. The area is second only to Shilou soil, accounting for 17.6% of the total land area, mainly distributed in the original terraced fields, gully slopes and some river valleys. Its characteristic is that it belongs to a kind of juvenile soil developed on loess parent material, so it is loose and easy to cultivate and has good permeability. But the water storage and fertilizer conservation performance is poor. Tidal soil, swamp soil and paddy soil belong to hydrous and semi-hydrous soil, accounting for 5.7% of the total land area of the county. Mainly distributed in the waterlogged beaches along the Weihe River and Qishui River, mainly planting aquatic crops such as rice.
(2) Land:
In the spring of 1951, after the end of the land reform in this county, in order to prepare for the socialist transformation of the small-scale peasant economy and deal with the problems left over from the land reform, the leading group of farmland inspection and fixed production in Wugong County was established in the winter of 1951. From December 18, 1951 to January 25, 1952, it took 39 days to dispatch 488 cadres. According to the actual situation, such as topography, land quantity and measurement difficulty, the county was divided into 31 responsibility areas, and land measurement was carried out village by village. The county actually has 567,54.13 mu of land, including 12,979.67 mu of non-cultivated land. All cultivated land in China is classified and graded, and the output index is stipulated according to the grade, which plays a role in balancing the burden. In April, 198, more than 13 professional technicians, experts and professors from provincial, prefectural and county units were jointly presided over by the Provincial Agriculture Committee and Xi 'an Branch of China Academy of Sciences, and a comprehensive survey of the county's land was conducted by combining field investigation and soil analysis. There are 668,998 mu of land in China, including 573,572 mu of productive land, accounting for 85.7%, and 95,426 mu of non-agricultural land, accounting for 14.3%. From March 1989 to September 199, it took a year and a half to investigate the land resources in the county. In this survey, 5×5cm black-and-white photographic film enlarged by aerial photography of Shaanxi Bureau of Surveying and Mapping in 1984 was used, and the quantity, utilization type, ownership and distribution of land in the whole county were found out through field adjustment, conversion, area measurement and mapping. Since 1996, the land and resources department has carried out an annual survey on the change of land use status in the county before October 31 every year. By October 31st, 26, the total land area of the county was 586,825.8 mu, equivalent to 391.2 square kilometers. Among them, the cultivated land area is 41,36.8 mu, accounting for 69.9% of the total area; Garden 1221.7 mu, accounting for 7.1% of the total area; 439.7 mu of forest land, accounting for .7% of the total area; Other agricultural land is 35,936.3 mu, accounting for 6.1% of the total area; 14,278.3 mu of industrial and mining in residential areas, accounting for 17.8% of the total area; Transportation is 446.1 mu, accounting for .8% of the total area; The land for water conservancy facilities is 787.4 mu, accounting for .1% of the total area; 5,87.2 mu of unused land, accounting for 1.% of the total area. Other land is 1574.3 mu, accounting for 1.8% of the total area.
Hydro-climate
(1) Hydrology:
Surface water: The surface water in Wugong County mainly guides Weihe River Project and transit rivers, among which, there are 3 main canals of Weihe River Diversion Project. The main canal is located in Toudaoyuan, with a length of 18.7 kilometers, a flow of 4 cubic meters per second and an irrigation area of 19, mu. Wei Gao Qian is located in Erdaoyuan area in the middle of the county, with a canal length of 21 kilometers and a flow rate of 23 cubic meters per second.