Characters inherited their father's throne
The Murong family is a branch of the Xianbei tribe. ) settled in the western Liaoning area. In the second year of Jingchu (238), Mo Huba assisted Sima Yi in conquering Gongsun Yuan, the prefect of Liaodong, and he led the army to establish the country in the north of Jicheng. There are two theories about the origin of Murong's surname. One is that Mo Huba liked to wear Bu Yao crown, and the sound of Bu Yao was mistaken for Murong; the other is that Mo Huba admired the virtues of heaven and earth and inherited the beauty of the sun, moon and stars, so he Murong is his surname. The second theory, no matter which one is true, is a reflection of the Xianbei people's tendency to become sinicized. Murong @'s grandfather Murong Muyan was King Zuoxian. His father, Murong She, returned home. During the Western Jin Dynasty, he was named Xianbei Chanyu for his role in preserving Liucheng (today's Chaoyang area, Liaoning Province). He moved from Jicheng to the northern part of Liaodong where Han people lived, thus accelerating his Hanization process.
Murong @ was tall and handsome when he was young. He was eight feet tall, majestic and elegant. Anbei General Zhang Hua has always had the ability to identify talents. When Murong@ was a boy, he went to visit Zhang Hua. Zhang Hua marveled that he was a genius and said to him: "When you grow up, you will definitely become a talented person who can govern the world and save people in times of trouble." The hairpin he used was given to Murong@, and he said goodbye as a close friend. In the fourth year of Emperor Taikang's reign (283 years), Murong Shegui passed away. His younger brother Murong Nai usurped power and attempted to kill Murong. Murong was forced to leave to escape the disaster. In the sixth year of Taikang (285), the tribesmen killed Murong Nai and appointed Murong as the Chanyu of Xianbei. Rebelling against the Jin Dynasty and invading the border areas
At first, Murong Shegui had a grudge against Yuwen Xianbei, and Murong @ wanted to avenge the late emperor. After Murong came to the throne, he petitioned to attack Yuwen Xianbei. Emperor Wu of Jin did not agree. Murong was very angry, so he invaded Liaoxi County (governing the southeast of Lulong, Hebei Province today), killing and looting a lot. Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty dispatched troops from Youzhou to attack Murong. They fought at Feru (now northeast of Qian'an, Hebei), and Murong's soldiers were defeated. After that, Changli was plundered again and again every year. In the sixth year of Taikang (285), he led his soldiers to attack Fuyu (now south of Shuangcheng County, Jilin) ??eastward. King Yilu of Fuyu was defeated and committed suicide, and his son Yiluo fled to Woju (now Xianxing City, North Korea). Murong destroyed his capital and drove back more than ten thousand people. In May of the seventh year of Taikang (286 years), Murong attacked Liaodong again. Yiluo asked for help from He Gong, the captain of the Yi school in the east of Jin Dynasty, and wanted to take the opportunity to lead his remaining troops to revive the Fuyu Kingdom. He Gong ordered the supervisor Jia Chen to lead his army to escort Yiluo back to Fuyu. Murong sent his general Sun Ding and his cavalry to intercept on the way, but Jia Chen's army fought hard and defeated the Xianbei cavalry. Sun Ding was beheaded. Yiluo then regained Buyeo. Border development
Murong @ discussed with everyone and said: "Since our ancestors have served the country of the Central Plains for generations, the customs and etiquette of the Chinese people and the people of the border areas are different, and their strengths and weaknesses are different. How can we compete with them?" What about Jin's competition? Why not make peace with them but hurt our people instead?" In the tenth year of Taikang (289), he sent envoys to surrender to Jin. Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty admired him very much and appointed Murong as the governor of Xianbei. Murong went to Dongyi Mansion to express his respects. He arrived at the gate wearing a turban and performed the courtesy of a scholar-official. Private He Gong introduced him, and Murong changed into military uniform and entered. Someone asked him why he was like this, and Murong replied: "If the master doesn't treat each other with courtesy, what else can the guests do?" After hearing this, He Gong felt ashamed and feared him even more. At that time, the Donghu Yuwen Xianbei Duan tribe was afraid that Murong's power was growing day by day because of Murong's growing power. They were afraid that he would plan to annex them, so they adopted an offensive-defensive approach and often harassed Murong's tribe. Murong adopted a policy of tolerance and used humble words and generous gifts to appease them. Duanjie, the Xianbei chief of Duanbu, married his daughter to Murong.
Murong thought that Liaodong County was too remote, so in the same year he led his troops to move from northeastern Liaoning to Qingshan (east of today's Yixian County, Liaoning) in Tuhe County (now Jinzhou, Liaoning) in western Liaoning. In the fourth year of Yuankang (294), Murong moved to Dajicheng (now west of Yixian County, Liaoning), the so-called Zhuanxiang ruins. Murong taught the people to engage in mulberry production, and the legal system was the same as that of Jin. Murong Bu began a settled agricultural life and gradually accepted Han culture. These measures effectively promoted Murong Xianbei's feudalization.
In the second year of Yongning (302), floods occurred in the four states of Yan, Henan, Xu, and Hebei. Youzhou, which is adjacent to Jizhou, was also affected. Murong opened warehouses to quell the disaster and helped the people of Youzhou tide over the difficulties. This shows that the Murong tribe has adopted farming as its form of production. In order to commend Murong @, Sima Zhong, Emperor Hui of Jin Dynasty, specially commended him and gave him his life. Defending Liaodong
In the first year of Tai'an (302), Yuwen Mogui, the Xianbei chief of the Yuwen tribe, ordered his younger brother Yuwen Quyun to lead an army to attack Murong@, but Murong@ avoided his main force and counterattacked and severely wounded his other general Yuwen. Su Yan; out of shame and anger, Yuwen Suyan mobilized 100,000 people to surround Murong@'s Dajicheng City. At that time, everyone in the city was very frightened and had no will to resist. However, Murong@ encouraged everyone and said: "Yuwen Suyan, although there are so many people... The ants are gathering, but they cannot be controlled by the army. They are already in my plan. You just need to fight hard and don't worry about anything else." He personally led the attack and severely damaged Yuwen Suyan's regiment. He pursued it for hundreds of miles and captured thousands of people. The remaining people. Meng Hui, a native of Liaodong County who was originally under Yuwen, led thousands of families to surrender to Murong. Murong appointed Meng Hui as General Jianwei.
In the first year of Yongjia (307), Murong @ called himself the Great Chanyu of Xianbei. In the third year of Yongjia (309), Pang Ben, the governor of Liaodong, killed Li Zhen, the captain of the Dongyi School, for personal vendetta. Xianbei Sulian, Mujin and others at the frontier pretended to avenge Li Zhen, but actually wanted to take advantage of the opportunity to cause chaos, so they captured the counties and killed and plundered the common people. . The prefect Yuan Qian suffered repeated defeats, and the school captain Feng Shi was frightened and asked for reconciliation. Due to years of plunder, the people lost their families and property, and people who fled to other places came to join them one after another. Murong @'s son Murong Han said to Murong @: "It is better to seek help from the princes than to seek help from the King of Qin. Since ancient times, all monarchs who have made achievements have achieved their careers by relying on the King of Qin. Now Su Lian and Mu Jin are arrogant and domineering, the Jin army has been destroyed, and the people are at the mercy of others. Is there anything more serious than this? In the name of revenge on Pang Ben, those villains actually wanted to take advantage of the situation and wanted to make peace by killing Pang Ben. However, Liaodong was overthrown and fell for nearly two years. In the year of 2007, there was a great war in the Central Plains, and the armies of the various states were defeated repeatedly. King Qin acted righteously. Now was the time for Shan Yu to demonstrate his power of severe punishment and crusade, save the lives of the officials and people who were hanging upside down, condemn the crimes of Su Lian and Pi Wei, and unite the rebels. Come and punish them. The first is to revive the Liaosai territory, and the second is to annex the Lian and Jin tribes, show loyalty to this dynasty, and gain personal benefits for our country. This is the beginning of our strength, and we can finally realize our ambitions among the princes." @ followed Murong Han’s suggestion. On the same day, he led the cavalry to attack Sulian and Mujin, defeated the enemies and killed them. The two tribes all surrendered, moved them to Jicheng, established Liaodong County and returned.
In the first year of Jianxing (313), Emperor Huai of the Jin Dynasty, Sima Chi, was in trouble in Pingyang. Wang Jun, the great Sima, followed the emperor's decree and appointed Murong @ as the regular attendant of Sanqi, the champion general, the forward governor, and the great Dan. So, Murong@ refused to accept the order. During the Jianxing period, Emperor Min of the Jin Dynasty, Sima Ye, sent an envoy to appoint Murong as the general of the town army and the duke of Changli and Liaodong. In the first year of Jianwu (317), Emperor Sima Rui of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties inherited and conferred the title of Murong Jiajie, Sanqi Changshi, Commander-in-Chief of Liao Zuo Zayi Liuren and various military affairs, General Longxiang, Da Chanyu, and Duke Changli. Murong resigned. Not subject to. General Lu Chang persuaded Murong: "Now that the two capitals have fallen and the emperor is in trouble, King Langxie (Emperor Jin Yuan) settled in Jiangdong, which is really popular. The Ming Dynasty is in the north and rules one side, but the tribes still rely on their large numbers. The reason for the rebellion was that the official position was not appointed by the king, and he thought he was powerful. Now we should send envoys to make peace with King Langye, encourage him to inherit the great cause, and then spread the emperor's order widely to attack him. Who dares to disobey the guilty man!" Murong agreed and sent his chief historian Wang Ji from the sea to persuade Emperor Yuan of Jin to ascend the throne. After Emperor Jin Yuan succeeded to the throne, he sent his visitor Tao Liao to reaffirm his previous appointments and confer the title of General Murong and Chanyu. Murong resolutely refused the royal title. At that time, the two capitals of the East and West were overturned, and You and Ji fell. Murong's decrees were strict and the laws were strict, and he accepted talents with an open mind. Most of the exiled gentry and common people came to join him with their families and children. Murong set up counties to control the refugees. People from Jizhou returned to Jiyang County, Yuzhou became Chengzhou County, Qingzhou became Yingqiu County, and Bingzhou became Tangguo County.
So he recommended talented people and entrusted them to handle government affairs, with Pei Yi from Hedong, Luchang from Daijun, and Yangdan from Beiping as the masterminds. Kai was a close minister, Bohai Feng Yi, Pingyuan Song Gai, Anding Huangfu Qi, Lanling Miao Kai were in important positions because of their outstanding literary talents. Kuaiji Zhu Zuoche, Taishan Hu Wuyi, Lu Guo Kong Zuan were highly regarded as guests and friends, Pingyuan Liu Zan knew everything about Confucianism and led him to offer wine in Dongxiang. The prince Murong led the noble children to become his disciples and gain careers. In his spare time when dealing with political affairs, Murong went to the school to attend classes in person. As a result, the sound of reciting poems and songs could be heard everywhere, and the trend of politeness arose. Three Kingdoms Alliance Attack
At that time, Cui Ao, the governor of Pingzhou and the captain of Dongyi, considered himself a famous person in the south. He had a soft heart and gathered people in exile, but no one went to join him. Cui Ao believed that Murong had forced the refugees to stay, so he secretly colluded with Goguryeo, Yuwenbu Xianbei, Duanbu Xianbei, etc. to discuss the elimination of Murong and divide his land. In the first year of Taixing (319), the three countries jointly attacked Murong @. Murong @ said: "They believed Cui Ao's untrue words, were greedy for temporary gains, and just came as a mob. Without unified command and disobedience to each other, I We will definitely defeat them. However, their troops have just joined together and are still quite sharp. If we attack them immediately, we will fall into their trap and wait for the opportunity. They will be suspicious and suspicious of each other. "One suspects that Cui Ao and I have set up a conspiracy to destroy them, and the other suspects that there are people in the Three Kingdoms who have plotted against me. Once they are depressed, defeating them will be inevitable." So the Three Kingdoms attacked Jicheng, Murong @. The city gates were closed and they refused to fight. They sent envoys with cattle and wine to reward Yuwenbu, and loudly said to everyone: "Cui Ao sent an envoy yesterday." So the two countries really suspected that Yuwenbu and Murong were of the same mind, so they returned with their troops. Yu Wenxi, the official of the Ministry of Yuwen, said: "Although the two countries have withdrawn, I will annex Murong's land alone. There is no need for others!" He led all the troops to approach the city and camped for thirty miles. Murong @ selected elite soldiers and assigned them to Murong to charge forward; Murong Han led the elite soldiers as surprise troops, fought out from the side and went straight to the Yuwenbu barracks; Murong @ formed a phalanx and moved forward. Yu Wenxi relied on his numerous soldiers and was unprepared. When he saw Murong's army approaching, he led his troops to resist. As soon as the forwards met, Murong Han rushed into his barracks and set fire to the barracks. Everyone was shocked and confused, and they were at a loss. Then they were defeated. Yu Wenxi escaped alone, and Murong Han's army captured all his soldiers. They seized three pieces of the emperor's jade seal from the lookout tower of their military camp and sent the commander Shi Peiyi to Jianye. Cui Ao was afraid that Murong would hate him, so he sent his brother Cui Tao to pretend to congratulate Murong. It happened that the envoys from the Three Kingdoms also came to ask for peace, saying: "This is not our original intention, it is just Cui Pingzhou who taught us this." Murong showed Cui Tao the place to break out of the encirclement, set up a military formation in front of him, and said: "Your uncle taught us this." The Three Kingdoms destroyed me, why did you pretend to congratulate me?" Cui Tao was frightened and confessed his crime. Murong sent Cui Tao back to persuade Cui Ao: "Surrender is the best policy, running away is the worst policy." He also sent soldiers to follow Cui Tao. Cui Ao and dozens of cavalry abandoned their homes and fled to Goguryeo. Murong Yao surrendered all his soldiers, moved Cui Tao, Gao Zhan and others to Jicheng, and treated them with the courtesy of guests. In the second year (320), Goguryeo invaded Liaodong, and Murong sent troops to defeat them.
When Pei Yi returned from Jianye, Emperor Jin and Yuan sent an envoy named Murong to supervise the military affairs of Pingzhou, General Anbei, and governor of Pingzhou, and add 2,000 households to live in the city. Soon after, he was appointed as envoy Chijie, governor of You, pacification of the Shuyi military in the two states, general of chariots and cavalry, and shepherd of Pingzhou. He was granted the title of Duke of Liaodong County, with a settlement of 10,000 households. The Changshi, Shanyu, etc. all remained as before; Murong @ Holding the iron certificate of alchemy given by the emperor and enjoying privileges for generations, he was ordered to govern the Haidong area, set up hundreds of officials, and set up Pingzhou as the governor.
Duan Mobo, the Xianbei leader of the Duan tribe, had just begun to rule the country and did not pay attention to armed defense. Murong sent Murong to attack his country, entered Lingzhi, confiscated famous horses and treasures and returned. Expressing loyalty to Jin
In the first year of Taining (323), King Shile of Hou Zhao sent an envoy to negotiate peace. Murong refused to make peace and sent the envoy to Jianye. Shi Le was furious and sent Yuwen to beg a turtle to attack Murong, but Murong sent Murong to resist him.
He appointed Pei Yi as the commander-in-chief of the right wing and led Suotou as the right wing. He ordered his youngest son Murong Ren to go to Berlin from Wang Guo as the left wing. He attacked Yuwen Qidegui and won, capturing all his men. Taking advantage of the victory, he captured his capital, confiscated hundreds of millions of property and items, and moved tens of thousands of local households back.
In the third year of Taining (325), Sima Yan, Emperor Cheng of the Jin Dynasty, came to the throne, and Murong Jia was appointed as the minister, and his position was particularly advanced. In the fifth year of Xianhe (330), the third division of Yitong was added to the imperial court, but Murong refused to accept it.
Later, Murong @ corresponded with Tao Kan, the Taiwei of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He praised Wang Dao and Yu Liang, and said that Tao Kan was "the only one who is highly respected in the country and is worthy of being the leader of Chu and Han Dynasties." He expressed his willingness to contribute to the revival of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He made efforts, but it was difficult to achieve results by attacking alone. He looked forward to responding when the Eastern Jin Dynasty launched a large-scale Northern Expedition. At the same time, there were also suggestions from Feng Chuo, Han Jiao and other officials who recommended that Murong be granted the title of King of Yan and become a general in the military affairs. Tao Kan reported the matter to the court and asked the court to make a decision.
In the eighth year of Xianhe (333 years), Murong passed away at the age of sixty-five. At that time, the court discussion was still inconclusive, and it was stopped after learning about Murong's death. The Eastern Jin Dynasty sent envoys to Murong as a gift to the General and Kaifu Yitong, with the posthumous title of Duke Xiang. In the third year of Xiankang (337), his son Murong claimed to be King of Yan, established Qianyan, and posthumously named Murong as King Wuxuan. In the eighth year of Yonghe (352 years), Murong Jun's grandson Murong Jun proclaimed himself emperor and was posthumously named Emperor Wuxuan, with the temple name Gaozu. Interesting anecdotes
Murong @ once said calmly: "Prison matters involve human lives, so we must not be careless. Wise men and gentlemen are the foundation of the country, and we must not disrespect them. Agriculture matters are The foundation of the country cannot be ignored. Drinking, sex and flattery are a serious disaster that disturbs political ethics and must be prohibited." He once wrote a "Family Order" of several thousand words to explain his views. Historical evaluation
Zhang Hua: "The emperor must be the instrument of life, and he can help the times when it is difficult."
"Book of Jin" by Fang Xuanling and others: ①"@ Young and tall, handsome, eight feet long, heroic and generous."; ②"@Xingzheng Xiuming, open-minded and inviting, many exiled scholars returned home"; ③"Murong@heroic appearance. , It is said that the Bianhao committed a treacherous act, but he was actually a leader. He has a wolf-like heart; he seizes the city and seizes the territory to hunt down his thieves. Then the two emperors escape to Pingyang to observe the fortune; On the occasion of the Kuangzhu Festival, when the country is in peace, he will move at the right time. How can he prepare for war? However, he has many powers to control the enemy. , so it can restore one's business and create a foundation for many years." Historical records
"Book of Jin·Volume 18·Zi8"
"Book of Wei· Volume 95·Biography 83》
"Biography of the Spring and Autumn Period of the Sixteen Kingdoms·Volume 3·Qian Yan Lu" Family members' ancestors
Great-grandfather: Murong Mohuba
p>Grandfather: Murong Muyan
Father: Murong Shegui
Uncle: Brother Murong Nai
Elder brother: Murong Tuyuhun, the founder of the Tuyuhun regime .
Brother: Murong Yun, Feng Xipinggong, King of Luoyang, etc. Wife
The Duan family is from Xianbei, Duan tribe, and is the son of Murong, Murong Ren and Murong Zhao. Children
Son
Murong Han, the eldest son of Murong's concubine, was both civil and military, and was able to defend Goguryeo's attack. After Murong succeeded to the throne, he defected to Duan Liao and Yu Wengui successively, and finally returned to Murong's tribe, but was jealous of Murong and was sentenced to death.
Murong, Murong @ the third son, heir. Later, he was granted the title of King of Yan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and rose to the rank of general. His son Murong Jun proclaimed himself emperor and was posthumously named Emperor Wenming.
Murong Ren, Murong Tong’s mother and brother, was the general who conquered the captives. After Murong succeeded him, he rebelled and was killed.
Murong Zhao, Murong Tong’s mother and brother, General Guangwu. After Murong succeeded to the throne, he was killed by Murong Ren because of his rebellion.
Murong You, Murong's younger brother.
Murong Zhi, Murong’s younger brother.
Murong Jun, Murong's younger brother.
Murong Khan, Murong's younger brother.
Murong Ping
Murong Biao
Daughter
Murong, Murong Mei, was the concubine of Tuoba Shi Yijian, Emperor Zhaocheng of the Northern Wei Dynasty.