Shi Zhongshan in the Northern Song Dynasty. Su Shi
Su Shi, the author of The Story of Shi Zhongshan, is an exploratory travel book. Written in the summer of the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Su Shi sent his eldest son Mai Su to Ruzhou.
"Water" says: "There is Shi Zhongshan at the mouth of Poyang Lake." Li Daoyuan believes that under the Shi Zhongshan near the deep pool, the breeze vibrates the waves, and the water collides with the stone, making a sound like Hong Zhong. This statement is often doubted. If the bell rings in the water, even strong wind and waves can't make it sound, and it is a stone! It was not until the Tang Dynasty that Rip began to pay tribute to the remains that he got two stones and put them on the pool. After listening to them, the voice in the south sounded Hu, the voice in the north was clear and clear, and the fork stopped ringing. I think I understand. He thinks he has found the reason for Shi Zhongshan. The sound of stones is everywhere, and this is just named after the clock. Why?
In June of the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Ding Chou, Yu, An, and Shi You, the eldest son, Mai, will go to Rao Dexing Wei and send him to Hukou, so that he can see the so-called stone clock. At the beginning of June in Genpox seven years, I went to Linru by boat from Decision. When I arrived in Linru, my eldest Ision Su Mai was about to take office in Dexing County, and I sent him to Hukou, so that I could meet the man named Shi Zhongshan. Gu Yu smiled and didn't believe it. In the evening, the moon is bright, and Su Mai people are sitting in the boat under the broken wall. A thousand feet stand on the edge of a big stone, like a monster, and he wants to fight with people; The storks perched on the mountain, and the voices began. They burst into the clouds. Some people cough and laugh in the valley, or call it a stork. I was scared to retreat, and suddenly there was a loud voice on the water, which was as clear as a ringing drum. The boatman was very afraid. I slowly observed that the mountains were full of caves and crevices, and I don't know how deep they were. Small surges came in and the waves stirred. The ship returned to the two mountains and entered the port. There are big stones flowing in it, which can seat 100 people. The air is full of tricks, feng shui and muffled cymbals, corresponding to the people facing it. Because he smiled, he said, "What do you know? If stunned, Zhou didn't shoot; Wei Zhuangzi's songs are also bells. Ancient people are not good at bullying! "
You don't have to look at anything with your eyes or listen to it with your ears. Can you just guess whether it exists or not by subjective assumptions? What Li Yuan saw and heard was almost the same as that of Yu Tong, but it was unknown. The scholar-officials refused to spend the night on the boat under the cliff, so they didn't know; Fishermen and navy know but can't talk. This is why there is no such name as Shi Zhongshan in the world. However, shallow people beat stones with axes to find out why Shi Zhongshan was named, because they thought they were named after the truth. So I wrote down the past, lamented the simplicity of Li Daoyuan, and laughed at Li Bo's shallowness.
Note 1, selected from the Complete Works of Su Dongpo.
2. Peng Li: another name for Poyang Lake.
3. Li Yuan: It's Li Daoyuan.
4. Drum: Vibration.
5. clap: beat and clap.
6. Hong Zhong: Big clock.
7. meaning: this statement.
Qing: An ancient percussion instrument, shaped like a ruler and made of jade or stone.
9. Li Bo, a native of Luoyang in Tang Dynasty, wrote an article "Distinguishing Shi Zhongshan".
10, trace: old site, trace. This refers to the location.
1 1, Nansheng Hanhu: Nansheng (that stone) is heavy and vague. Hu's letter is vague.
12, clear moon in the north: the sound of the north (that stone) is crisp and loud. The more, the higher.
13, Ya (fú) Stop ringing Teng: The drumstick has stopped (knocking) and the sound is still passing. Teng, scattered.
14, aftertaste Xu Xie: the aftertaste gradually disappears. Xu, slow down.
15, I got it: I found this (reason). , refers to the reason why Shi Zhongshan got its name.
16, especially: more.
17, Keng (kēng) Ran: describes the loud noise made by hitting a stone.
18, everywhere: everywhere (yes). Yes, it is.
19, Yuanfeng: year number of Song Shenzong.
20. Ding Chou in June: the ninth day of the sixth lunar month.
2 1, Qi 'an: Huangzhou, Hubei Province.
22. Suitable for Linyi: Go to Linyi. Suit, go. Linru, namely Ruzhou (now Linru, Henan)
23. Go: This means going to work and taking office.
24. Rao Zhi Dexing Wei: the county captain of Dexing County (now Dexing County, Jiangxi Province) (an official in charge of public security in a county).
25. Hukou: Current Hukou in Jiangxi.
26. 靹靹 (k 靹 ng): 靹 靹 (making noise).
27. Mo (meter) night: at night. Mo, through the dusk.
28. Habitat stork (hú): an eagle living in a nest. Stork, a kind of eagle.
29.zhé: birdsong.
30. stork crane: the name of a waterfowl is like a crane, but its top is not red, and its neck and mouth are longer than the crane.
3 1, heartbeat: this means panic.
32.chēng ē (hóng): Here, the bells are ringing loudly.
Appreciation of Su Shi's Reading Practice Answers and Original Translation; Appreciation of Shi Zhongshan's Reading Practice Answers and Original Translation
33. boatman: boatman.
34.Xi: cracks.
35. Culverts are surging: the waves are rough.
36. To this end: it is necessary to form. This refers to the sound of moaning.
37. Mid-stream: the center of water flow.
38. Air: The middle is empty.
39. Hey: hole.
40.(ku ǐ n) Hurdle (k ǐ n): The sound of hitting an object.
4 1, item: before.
42. Do you think it's strange that you still remember those (allusions)? Know, remember
43. Zhou Wuqiang (y √): According to the records in Mandarin, a "gun-free" clock was made in the 23rd year of Zhou (the first 522 years).
44. "Wei Zhuangzi" Song Zhong: According to Zuo Zhuan, in the eleventh year of Lu Xianggong (56 1), Zheng people dedicated Song Zhong and other musical instruments to Jin Hou, and Jin Hou gave half of them to doctors. Zhuangzi, posthumous title of Jiang Wei. Song Zhong, an ancient musical instrument.
45. The ancients didn't lie to me: the ancients (calling this mountain "Shi Zhongshan") didn't lie to me! Don't bully me is "don't bully me."
46. About: About.
47. Finally: After all.
48. Fishermen and sailors: fishermen (and) boatmen.
49. Speech: means of expressing and recording by language.
50. The world didn't survive: that's why it didn't survive in the world (the origin of Shi Zhongshan's name).
5 1, humble: a shallow person.
The water mirror said, "There is Shi Zhongshan at the mouth of Poyang Lake." Li Daoyuan thinks that the breeze vibrates the waves, and the water and stone collide, making a sound like a big clock. People often doubt this statement. If you put the chime in the water, even the wind and waves can't make it sound, let alone a stone! It was not until the Tang Dynasty that Li Bo explored its position. He found two stones near the deep pool, knocked on them and listened to their voices. The sound of the south (rock) is heavy and vague, the sound of the north (rock) is crisp and loud, the drumstick stops (knocking), the sound is still spreading, and the lingering sound slowly disappears. He thinks he found the reason for this (named after Shi Zhongshan). But this statement, I am even more skeptical. When stones are knocked, they can clang (kēng qiāng) everywhere, but only this mountain is named after a bell. Why?
On the 9th day of June in the seventh year of Yuanfeng, I took a boat from Huangzhou, Hubei Province to Ruzhou (Linru, Henan Province), and my eldest son, Mai Su, went to Dexing County, Raozhou (now Dexing County, Jiangxi Province) to be a county captain. I sent him to Hukou, Jiangxi, so that I could observe the mountain called Shi Zhongshan. The monk in the temple told the child to take an axe and knock one or two places between the rocks to make a noise. I became suspicious and didn't believe this statement at all. At night, the moonlight was bright, and Mai Su and I took a boat to the bottom of the cliff. Huge rocks stand by, thousands of feet high, like fierce beasts and strange ghosts, lush and upright to catch people; The eagle that stayed in the nest on the mountain heard the sound and flew in fear, making a squeaking sound in the sky. There was another old man's cough and laughter in the valley. Some people say it's a stork I was too scared to go back. Suddenly there was a loud sound on the water, and the bell was as loud as a bell and drum. The boatman was frightened. I slowly observed that there were caves and cracks in the stones at the foot of the mountain. I don't know their depth. Slight water waves poured into caves and cracks, and the water waves stirred to form this sound. The ship circled between two mountains and was about to enter the port. There is a big stone facing the center of the water, on which hundreds of people can sit. The middle is empty and there are many holes. The wind and waves swallowed and vomited, making a muffled cymbal sound (ku m: n k m: n k m ÷ n), which was in harmony with the previous sound and was like music. So I smiled and said to Mai Su, "Do you know those (allusions)? That sound is the sound of Zhou not shooting the bell, the sound of Tian Geng's muffled cymbals, and the sound of Wei Zhuangzi ringing the bell. The ancients (calling this mountain "Shi Zhongshan") did not deceive me! "
If you don't see with your own eyes and hear with your own ears, can you infer the truth (right or wrong) of everything from subjective speculation? What Li Daoyuan saw and heard was probably the same as mine, but it was not detailed; After all, the scholar-officials didn't want to dock at the cliff by boat at night, so they couldn't know the truth. Fishermen (and boatmen) know it, but they can't express it and record it in words. That's why it didn't spread around the world (the origin of Shi Zhongshan's name). And shallow people seek the reason by striking stones with axes (named after Shi Zhongshan), thinking that they have got the truth of the matter. I wrote the above story because I lamented that Li Daoyuan's explanation was too brief and laughed at Li Bo's explanation for being too shallow.
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This paper describes the author's exploration of the origin of Shi Zhongshan's name, and shows that to know the truth of things, we must "hear and see" and avoid making subjective assumptions. One * * * three paragraphs.
The first paragraph puts forward two versions of the origin of Shi Zhongshan's name, and questions these two versions. It can be divided into three layers. On the first floor, I quoted Shui Jing's words, explained the position of Shi Zhongshan, and pointed out Shi Zhongshan, which caused the following situation. On the second level, Li Daoyuan's view on the origin of the name is put forward, and people's skepticism about this view is pointed out, and Li's view is questioned by the fact that Zhong Qing can't make a sound when he is in the water, which shows that it is difficult to win people's trust. It is precisely because Li said that "people are always suspicious" that later people raised objections and drew Li Bo's statement from Li Daoyuan's statement. The third layer, put forward Li Bo's view and question it. Li Bo is also among the "people who are often suspicious", so there is a "visit to the legacy". There is no doubt that he kissed "visited" his legacy, "gripped" his stone and "listened" to his voice. The author shows his doubts about Li Bo, and refutes Li's statement that "there are stones everywhere, and stones can be detained", which shows that the statement that stones can be detained is not credible. These two statements seem to be on the same page, but in fact, there are first and then, and there are masters and times. There are also differences in the formulation of the two theories: using "people are often suspicious" to show people's doubts about Li's theory, and it is not clear whether the "people" here include the author, which is an objective narrative, and the author has not rashly judged the right or wrong of Li's theory; I use "Yu You" to emphasize my denial of what Li said. The word "Yu" here clearly shows the author's attitude towards what Li said. Telling Li that "people are always suspicious" and "I am particularly suspicious" lead the author to realize that it paves the way for the second paragraph of "Laughing without believing" and night outing, and also ends with "sighing", "laughing", "simplicity" and "ugliness".
In the second paragraph, the author narrates a field trip to Shi Zhongshan to understand the origin of its name. It can be divided into three layers. The first floor ("Seven Years of Yuanfeng, the so-called Stone Bell Man") points out the time, companions and reasons for visiting Shi Zhongshan. Because of doubts about the origin of Shi Zhongshan's name, the author took advantage of his position in Linyou to send his eldest son Mai Su to visit Shi Zhongshan in Dexing, Raozhou, just to dispel doubts. This floor is right next to it. On the second floor ("The monk in the temple asked the child to hold an axe ... Gu Yu laughed but didn't believe it"), write an article "Visiting the Temple Monk". The monks in the temple "let the children hold axes" and knocked on stones to make a sound, indicating that they believed Li Bo's statement, which had a great influence. This paragraph responds to Li's "choose one or two and buckle it" and "laugh without believing", and takes care of the "buckle and listen" and "I am particularly suspicious" in the first paragraph respectively. Since the monk's practice is not satisfactory, here is the action of the author's moonlit investigation. On the third floor ("jathyapple's wise men and ancients were full of deception"), I wrote about my visit to Shi Zhongshan on a moonlit night. First of all, I explained that the time of my visit to Shi Zhongshan was "Mo jathyapple Ming" and my companion was my eldest son Mai Su. The way is "by boat" and the place is "under the cliff". Then write the scene under the cliff: what you see is a big stone that "stands on the side of thousands of feet, like a monster and wants to fight with people"; I heard the scream of the stork in the sky and the strange call of the stork in the valley, coughing and laughing like an old man. It depicts a gloomy night scene of Shi Zhongshan, which is far and near, high and low, dynamic and static, tangible and vivid, making people feel immersive. This description highlights the eerie environment atmosphere, highlights the difficulty of visiting in person, and lays the foundation for the following criticism that "the scholar-officials refused to spend the night under the boat cliff". On the other hand, when the writer "anxious to return" suddenly "shouted loudly on the water like a bell and drum", which frightened the boat people, but the writer was attracted. He "looked slowly" and found that "there is a cave at the foot of the mountain, but I don't know how deep it is, and the microwave is surging because of this", and he found out the reason for the "squeaking" sound. But things didn't stop there, and there were waves below. When the author "sailed back to the two mountains", he found that there was "a big stone flowing in the air, full of tricks, breathing with the wind and muffled cymbals" at the entrance. The "back" here does not mean "return", but "turn around". "Boat back to the two mountains" does not mean that the boat goes back to the middle of the two mountains, but that the boat turns around and turns between the two mountains. The author's investigation of these two sounds is extremely detailed and in-depth, which confirms Li's statement in the first paragraph: "Microwave enters the cloud" and "Breathe in and out with Feng Shui" take care of "cool breeze and drum waves" respectively; "At the foot of the mountain, there are caves full of rocks ... and the culvert is surging, so it is also" harmony "and" big stones flow in the air, but there are many tricks ",taking care of" water and stones are exciting "respectively; "Like a Bell and Drum" and "The Sound of muffled cymbals" take care of "sound like Hong Zhong" respectively. This not only confirms Li's theory, but also makes a detailed supplement to "Jane", paving the way for the last paragraph of "Jane". Finally, the dialogue between the writer and Mai Su. The "smile" of "saying that you are brave because you laugh" is different from the "laughing without believing" in front of you. The former is a smile expressing doubt and denial, and here is a relaxed and happy smile after dispelling doubts, which shows the author's pride and excitement after finding out the truth. In the conversation, the author associated these two voices with "Don't shoot King Zhou Jing" and "Zhong Song of Wei Zhuangzi", affirmed his own investigation results and pointed out the reason for naming Zhong Mingshan. He also affirmed Li Daoyuan's statement that "the ancients were not all deceivers", and the words vividly expressed the author's faith and joy. In this passage, the author confirmed and supplemented Li Daoyuan's statement with his own eyes and ears, further denied Li Bo's statement, and provided factual basis for the last paragraph.
In the third paragraph, I wrote my thoughts on the origin of Shi Zhongshan's name, indicating my writing intention. It can be divided into three layers. On the first floor, "it's okay to judge whether something is there without looking at it?" This sentence, with strong tone, expresses full affirmation by rhetorical question and points out the main idea of the whole article. It is the author's conclusion and summary after finding out the origin of Shi Zhongshan's name, and it is the author's experience. The second layer analyzes the reasons why the world can't know the origin of Shi Zhongshan's name accurately from two aspects. On the one hand, there are three reasons why the correct statement can't be circulated: first, "what Li Yuan saw and heard is almost the same as that of Yu Yu, but it is unknown", that is, Li Daoyuan's statement is correct, but unfortunately it is unknown, which leads to "people are often suspicious" and can't be recognized by people; Second, the scholar-officials did not make on-the-spot investigations, and "it is necessary to know when you wait for the cliff by boat at night"; Third, "fishermen and sailors know but don't talk." "Can't say" means you can't write, not you can't say. Li's theory is lost in the unknown. Scholar-officials can be "ignorant" for writing, while "fishermen and sailors" know but can't write. That's why Shi Zhongshan's name didn't spread around the world. Then use the word "two" to turn to the other side: "Ugly people try to get the truth with an axe", which means that "ugly people" like Li Bo make subjective assumptions and "think there is truth", which is the reason for Li Bo's wrong statement and later generations to spread the truth. The third layer points out the purpose of writing this travel note from the two aspects mentioned above. "Lamenting Li Yuan's simplicity" is to affirm Li Daoyuan's point of view, while lamenting that it is too simple. "Laughing at Li Bo's meanness" means denying Li Bo's point of view and laughing at his meanness. This shows that the purpose of writing this article is to spread my own views, confirm and supplement Li Daoyuan's views and correct Li Bo's views.