Please describe the foramen fissure of the middle cranial fossa and the posterior cranial fossa respectively and the structure through which they pass.

The middle cranial fossa consists of sphenoid body and great wing, part of petrous and squamous part of temporal bone, and anterior lower corner of parietal bone. There is a sella turcica in the center of the fossa, a pituitary fossa in the center, and a high saddle back behind it, which is thick on both sides.

Posterior cranial fossa is mainly composed of occipital bone and posterior upper surface of petrous part of temporal bone. There is a foramen magnum in the center of the fossa, and the slope is in front of the foramen. On the anterolateral edge of the foramen magnum, there is an internal opening of the hypoglossal nerve canal.

There is an occipital protuberance in the center of the posterior cranial fossa, from which there is an occipital crest downward and a sagittal groove upward. There are horizontal grooves on both sides. The transverse sulcus extends to the inner surface of the temporal bone and turns downward, then forwards, called sigmoid sulcus, and finally passes through the jugular foramen. Above the jugular foramen, in the center of the posterior upper surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone, there is an inner ear door.

Extended data:

Characteristics of meningioma in middle cranial fossa;

1, middle cranial fossa meningioma, also known as middle cranial base meningioma, mainly includes lateral sphenoid ridge meningioma, medial sphenoid ridge meningioma, anterior clinoid process meningioma, cavernous sinus meningioma, etc.

2. The common symptoms of meningioma in the middle cranial fossa are headache, epilepsy, decreased vision in one eye and both eyes, bilateral temporal hemianopia, optic atrophy, headache and trigeminal neuralgia.

3. Middle cranial fossa meningioma needs brain CT and magnetic resonance examination to make a definite diagnosis. Craniotomy and tumor resection should be considered as early as possible.

4. If the eardrum is intact and undamaged, cerebrospinal fluid can flow to the nasopharynx through the eustachian tube and be mistaken for a runny nose. If the fracture damages the cranial nerve, it may also be accompanied by dysfunction of the corresponding cranial nerve domination area. Therefore, the clinical manifestations of middle cranial fossa fracture can be varied, mainly depending on the involved body parts.

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