I thought it was a barbarian hill, similar to Bo of Yin Shang and Ying of Chu State. Bo, the Capital and Metropolis of Yin and Shang Dynasties. In the history of Li Zheng, there were "three uncles", which Huangfu Mi thought were three places: Mongolian in the north, ancient Shu in the south and Yanshi in the west. According to "Kuozhizhi", Bo was Nanbo, thirty-five miles southwest of Gushu County (now Yucheng County, Shangqiu City) in Songzhou (now Shangqiu, Henan Province), and it was the capital of Shang Dynasty established for Shang Tang (now Shangqiu, Henan Province). Jingbo (that is, located in Damengcheng, 50 miles north of Songzhou (now liangyuan district area in the north of Shangqiu City), is the land of the Tang League; Xibo was in Yanshi, Henan (now Yanshi, Luoyang, Henan). Therefore, many scholars claim that Shang Tang lived in Nanbo (now Shangqiu, Henan Province), and his descendants moved to Xibo (now Luoyang, Henan Province), but some also specialized in Bei Bo (now Shangqiu, Henan Province). Chu also means the capital. In the late Warring States period, in order to avoid the attack of Qin, Chu moved its capital from Jiangling to Chen when it became king, and from Chen to Shouchun when it became king. The place names are all called "Ying", but in order to show the difference, they have all been changed to Yanying, Chenying and Du Ying.
In Historical Records of Qin Benji, Goudun was mentioned five times and Xigoudun was mentioned once. Historians such as Wang Guowei, Guo Moruo and Qian Mu have different lawsuits about whether Goushan and Xigoushan are in the same place. Understanding the relationship between Goudun and Xigoudun is of great benefit to correctly understand the traces of early civilization of Qin nationality. According to Sima Qian's records in Historical Records and in-depth analysis of relevant historical materials and unearthed cultural relics, it can be determined that Goushan and Xigou Mountain are not the same place. Goushan is located in the Fengshui Valley in Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province, which is now Xingping City, Shaanxi Province, while Xigou Mountain is located in Shui Gu of the Western Han Dynasty in the southeast of Gansu Province, which is now Lixian County, Gansu Province.
In the pre-Qin period, there were three important settlements in the western regions: Goushan (Xingping, Shaanxi), Xigoushan (Lixian, Gansu) and Qin Yi (Sol Zhang, Gansu), which were outlined by lines to form a triangle. Xigoushan is about150km away from Qin Yi, and Goushan is about 400km away from Qin Yi.
Qin moved westward on a large scale twice: once, in the late summer and early Shang Dynasty, accompanied by the westward expedition of the combined forces of Shang and Yi, it moved to Shanxi and Shaanxi on its own initiative; At the end of Shang Dynasty and the beginning of Zhou Dynasty, after the crusade in Zhou Gongdan, it passively moved to Guanlong area. Qin Yi and Shang Yi belong to Dongyi School, and they all take the mysterious bird as their totem. The shape of tombs, the sacrifice of dogs and the use of waist pits are all characterized by Dongyi culture. They should belong to the same tribe or the same tribal alliance. Because of the same political and cultural origin, they are close relatives, so in the late summer (BC17th century), Qin people went to the summer to return to the business, giving full play to their goodness. Since the summer, the ancestors of the Qin people have been serving the slave owners of the Yin Dynasty. Because of "making meritorious service to assist the Yin State" and "many surnames make princes" recorded in the history books, many leaders of the Qin State were promoted and reused by the slave owners of the Shang Dynasty and became ministers of the Shang Dynasty.
"Historical Records ● Qin Benji" records that it is expensive to marry the son of Daye Shaodian. Married a "beautiful girl" and gave birth to two children: one is honest and the other is vulgar; Second, if it is wood, it is a real fisherman. His great-grandson's name is Chang Fei. The great Lian Xuansun said, Meng Opera and Zhongyan. His great-great-grandson said he was ... famous and cheap. Eli is Lian's daughter. Integrity, good deeds, and good deeds for both father and son. Fei Lian, son of Zhong Yi, and Loy, son of Fei Lian, are both famous figures loyal to Yin. Ancient books recorded their deeds of helping others, such as Xun Zi's ● Xiang Cheng: "It is a disaster for the country and the people, and those who admire the sages are not honest." Lu Chunqiu ● Dyeing Time: "Yi Yin was dyed in Chonghou and Elai."
1 1 century BC, since the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Yin Dynasty was destroyed in one fell swoop, and the Qin people became slaves of the Zhou people. When the Shang dynasty was destroyed by the Zhou people, the leader of the Qin dynasty was also killed with Yin. "Historical Records ● Qin Benji" said: "Zhou Wuwang attacked and killed Hubei." Hubei's father was also a martyr of the Yin people. History records: "It was the time when Lian was killed for the Northern Expedition, but there was nothing to repay. He was rewarded for the altar in Huotai Mountain and got a sarcophagus. The inscription said: The emperor ordered his father not to mess with Yin and gave the sarcophagus a degree Fahrenheit. When he died, he was buried in Huotai Mountain. "
At the beginning of Zhou Dynasty, after the death of King Wu, he became king and ascended the throne. Shang Zhou's son Wu Geng launched a large-scale rebellion, which was pacified by Zhou Gongdan, and the ancestors of Qin people who participated in the rebellion were moved to various places. Some of them moved to the Huanghuai Valley, where these won surnames later established some small countries, some of which still existed in the Spring and Autumn Period. Some of them were moved to the west, and some ancestors of Qin people who were originally in the western border of Yin and Shang were driven to the farther border of Western Zhou Dynasty because the Western Zhou Dynasty occupied the areas ruled by Yin people. At this time, there are some families with surnames from the East. Together, these two families have become the largest Han family. They were driven to the remote and desolate Loess Plateau by the rulers of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
The ancestors of western Qin people lived with Rong Di, and their political status was extremely low because of discrimination and even hostility from Zhou royal family and Central Plains governors. It was not until Zhou Muwang's time that their political status improved. In Historical Records of Qin Benji, it is recorded that "the insurrection, Zhao Fu was Miao (mu) Wang Yu, who drove to Zhou, saved the insurrection thousands of miles a day, and Miao Wang sealed Zhao Fu with Zhao Cheng".
According to historical records, Gouling has been a base area since at least the ancestors of Qin people. As the illegitimate child of Rhoda, Feizi also lived in Goushan at first. Later, Zhou heard that Feizi was "a good horse and a good animal, and he was good at raising interest", so he asked Feizi to preside between Wei and Wei. Because of his remarkable achievements, he was appreciated by Zhou, so he was appointed as a vassal of Qin Gui by Zhou. Since then, Fei Zi has settled in the State of Qin, while his descendant Cheng Yi has lived in Goushan for a long time.
Fat boy raises horses between Weihe River and Weihe River, and has his residence address, that is, the intersection of Weihe River, that is, the intersection of Weihe River and Weihe River, which is not too far from Weihe River and Weihe River. After Fei Zi and his descendants were named Qin Gui, they should pay attention to three things: First, they should continue to preside over the horse administration and raise horses between Wei and Wei. Secondly, Xigou Mountain is chosen as the residential address for Qin Gui. According to archaeological findings and research, Xiquanqiu, that is, Lixian County in Gansu Province and its surrounding areas, once belonged to tropical or subtropical climate type in geological times. Located in the western Han River basin, the valley between mountains is wide, with superior natural conditions and rich salt resources, which is very suitable for human life and large-scale horse breeding. This must be an important reason for the divination of Qin people. The third is to fight for the Zhou royal family.
"Historical Records of Qin Benji" contains: "Qin Yingsheng was the marquis of Qin. The marquis of Qin was a pawn for ten years. Have a male uncle. Gong Boli died for three years. The real name is Qin Zhong. After Qin Zhongli was in power for three years, Zhou Liwang had no choice but to become a vassal or rebel. Xirong opposed the royal family and destroyed the dog hill and the big Luo family. " Goushan and Daluojia were destroyed by Xirong, leaving only one son who was not from Qin. Zhou Xuanwang ascended the throne, taking Qin Zhong as the doctor (in office for 23 years), and fought hard with Xirong to defend the Zhou royal family. In 825 BC, Qin Zhong was ordered by Zhou Xuanwang to crusade against Xirong, but he got off to a bad start and finally died in the crusade in 822 BC. After Qin Zhong's death, Zhou Xuanwang called Zhuang Gong Kundi, the son of Qin Zhong, and other five people to lead the troops against Xirong. This time, it won a great victory and regained the dog hill occupied by Xirong. Goushan was once the residence of Zhou and Qin people. Zhou Xuanwang named Qin Zhuanggong as the doctor of the western frontier, and his position was slightly higher than that of the vassal. He gave the original dog mountain in Daluodi to Zhuang Gong, and Qin became stronger in the decline of the Zhou royal family.
Due to the favor of Zhou Tianzi and the deepening hatred between Qin people and Xirong soldiers, the Qin leaders' will to crusade against Xirong became more determined. Shi Fu, the eldest son of Zhuang Gong, swore to kill Rong Wang, giving the opportunity of succession to Xiang Gong, his younger brother, who led his men to fight Rong. Qin Xianggong ascended the throne in 777 BC. At this time, Rongdi's influence became even more rampant, besieging Dogdun and taking my father away. It took more than a year to put him back. At that time, the core residential area of Qin people was Xigou Mountain. If the dog mound and the west dog mound are in the same place and the father is taken away, it means that the strength of the Qin people has suffered a heavy or even devastating blow, which is inconsistent with historical records. In the face of Emperor Rong's attack, Qin took two measures: on the one hand, he married his sister in Xirong to accommodate others; On the other hand, it moved its capital to Hu Yi and pushed eastward. After leading Guo to escort eastward and being made a vassal, Qin rose from a doctor to a vassal on an equal footing with big countries such as Qi and Jin, and history entered the Spring and Autumn Period.