Located at Xiangshan mountainside, 8 kilometers southeast of Simen Village, Xiaoshidian Town. This is the remaining vein of Tongbai Mountain, which the locals call Foyegou. The Great Wall built by the State of Chu more than two thousand years ago extends here. There is no inscription on the age of this statue. The book "Song Zhi" contains: "Xiangshan Temple is located in the southeast of the state 120 (now southeast of Fangcheng 120), with cliff statues. The largest is more than two feet, and the smallest is more than two feet. With thousands of hands and eyes on his back, it was built like the Longmen Grottoes. " 1986 is listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Henan province and the only Buddha statue found in Nanyang area.
The discovery of this stone carving proves that Fangcheng-Nanyang is the source of the ancient Silk Road.
Construction data
The statue of Fogou Cliff is carved on two natural boulders, north and south, 20 cm apart. Heather is 360 cm high, 270 cm wide and 150 cm thick. Beishi is 3 10 cm high, 330 cm wide and 250 cm thick. Two stone statues, 32 niches, 138. Among them, there are 72 14 niches in the south, northwest and north of Beishi, and 66 18 niches in the south. The highest statue is 1.4m, and the lowest is only 20cm.
Statue content
There are mainly themes such as Sakyamuni Buddha, Samantabhadra Bodhisattva, Manjusri Bodhisattva, Thousand Hands and Thousand Eyes Guanyin, Ananda, Ye Jia, Monk, Manjusri riding a green lion, Pu Xian riding a white elephant, 12 arhat and 12 arm Guanyin. Vivid images, different postures, some quiet and dignified, amiable, some glaring, heroic. Exquisite carving and skilled technology. Its style is similar to Longmen Grottoes, and it has high archaeological research value. Xiangshan Temple was originally built.
artistic value
June, 2008 165438+ 10/9 Yang Lian, researcher of China Academy of Social Sciences, Hu Youming, deputy editor-in-chief and editorial director of Literature and History Knowledge of Zhonghua Book Company, Liu Yangzhong, director of the Classical Literature Research Office of the Institute of Literature of China Academy of Social Sciences, and "Exploring Encyclopedia" by CCTV.
Accompanied by Feng Xiaoxian, deputy mayor of Nanyang, the reporter and his party visited Fogou. On May 29, 2009, the tenth set of "Encyclopedia Exploration" of CCTV broadcasted "Mysterious Stonehenge Buddha", which caused a sensation in the north and south of the country.
On June 24th, 2009, seven experts from China who studied Buddhist stone carvings visited Fogou. They are: Sun Yingmin, deputy director of the Henan Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau and director of the Grottoes and Stone Carvings Professional Committee of the China Monuments and Sites Protection Committee; Wen Yucheng, former president and researcher of Longmen Grottoes Research Institute; Li, Professor Tsinghua University; Wang Zhenguo, a researcher at Longmen Institute; Wang Jingquan, a researcher at Henan Museum; Liu Jianhua, the stationmaster of Henan Cultural Relics Exit Appraisal Station, presided over the "Nanyang Fogou Cliff Carving Expert Seminar".
The discovery of this stone carving proves that Fangcheng-Nanyang is the source of the ancient Silk Road.
Second, Xiangshan Temple
Xiangshan Temple is located on Xiangshan Mountain, 8 kilometers southeast of Simen Village, Xiaoshidian Town. It is one of the scenic spots in Xiaoshidian Town. During Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day and other traditional festivals, there are many tourists and incense here.
Third, Nanchong Temple and Black Dragon Pool
It is located on the hill 10 km south of Xiaoshidian Town (local name is Baogou). Surrounded by mountains and flowing green water, there are Nanchong Temple, Black Dragon Pool and other scenic spots. Because of its remote location, all the scenic spots are basically undeveloped, a cement road into the mountain is intermittent, and there are no commercial transactions such as restaurants and hotels. Everything is original ecology. Newspaper ditch is actually a ditch-like terrain, and the center of the ditch is a river. There are all kinds of grotesque rocks in the river bed, filled with mysterious atmosphere.
Black Dragon Pool, with deep water, is deep under the cliffs at the top of the mountain, hollow and round, quite open and flat, with an area of about one mu. The entrance is covered with towering trees and strange stones. The other three cliffs stand on the city wall, about 100 feet high, reaching the sky; The stone is delicate and clean, with a bluish white light, and it is magnificent. A waterfall falls from the top of the cliff, like a silver snake falling out of thin air, very beautiful. If it rains, the waterfall is like a dragon, rising and rolling, and the water mist goes up into the sky.
Fourth, Shixiakou (now Liubaguazhuang, Xiaoshidian Town) Zhuge Liang Mao 'an Temple
Shixiakou, located in the south bank of Shiligui River in the southwest of Xiaoshidian Town, is now called Liubaguazhuang or Liu Zhuang. According to Ming Jiajing's Records of Yuzhou, Yu Di and Historic Sites, "Zhuge Temple is located in the east of Shixiakou. It is said that Zhu Gekongming started to build a temple here, and the temple was destroyed by fire, and its former residence was Nanyang. Today, people still build Mao' an Temple with small stones. " There is also a record in the Annals of Yuzhou written by Qing Qianlong: "Yang Shun Shixia House is 90 miles east. It is said that Mr. Kongming once built a house here and then moved to Wollongong, Nanyang. There is a small grass temple at the mouth of Shi Xia today, and the stone records of the Tang Dynasty still exist. " In the last generation, there was Mao 'an Temple, with a big temple in the north of the village. In the early years of the Republic of China, there were still murals on the walls of four houses, which enshrined Manjusri Bodhisattva and Zhuge Liang. Because they are enshrined together, the villagers call it "Mao 'an Temple". Every year on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, the villagers sing big plays, burn incense and pray for blessings, which is very lively. In March1year of the Republic of China, the Historical Records of Fangcheng County and Yu Di contained: "Mao 'an Temple is twelve miles southwest of Xiaoshidian, which is said to be the fledgling place of Zhuge Wuhou." Mr. Gu Changqing, a wise man in Fangcheng, once wrote two poems about this matter. Now it's recorded in the back.
It is recorded in five volumes of Qing Qianlong's Yuzhou Zhi. "Zhuge Liang, a native of Langya, moved to Shixia, built a hidden house, and sought to move to Wollongong, Nanyang. There is a small grass temple in Shitouxia today, and the stone records of the Tang Dynasty still exist. " This passage was quoted by the king of the Qing Dynasty in "Zhongzhou Miscellanies". In the 31st year of the Republic of China (1942), the Records of Fangcheng County, Volume I, Records of Geography and History recorded: "Mao 'an Temple is twelve miles southwest of Xiaoshidian, which is said to be the fledgling place of Zhuge Wuhou. "When Liu Yu introduced Zhuge Liang in the sixth volume, he repeated the description in Zhou Yuzhi in the Qing Dynasty, but finally pointed out that the Stone in the Tang Dynasty is different from Zhou Yuzhi in the Qing Dynasty. In a word, the records of the above-mentioned state records and county records fully show that Shixiakou, 90 miles southeast of Fangcheng, was Zhuge Liang's earliest enchantment and cultivation place.
Why did Zhuge Liang farm and build houses here? This is related to the geographical location of Shixiakou. Shixiakou has two meanings: First, Shixiakou Village, commonly known as Shekou, is located more than 30 miles southwest of Xiaoshidian Township and 90 miles away from the county seat, bordering Biyang County and Sheqi County; Second, it refers to the gorge area of more than 30 miles from Xiaoshidian to Shixiakou Village. In ancient times, it was the passage from Luohe and Wuyang to Nanyang Basin via Xiaoshidian, and Shixiakou Village was the southwest exit. Fangcheng Chu is Fangcheng, and Qin is changed to Yangcheng. Both the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty called it blocking or blocking the sun, and gold was located in Yuzhou, which was caused by the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. In two years, it was changed to Fangcheng. Xiaoshidian has always been an important town in the southeast of Fangcheng; Wuyang is in the east, Biyang (Wuyin) in the south, Yexian in the north, surrounded by mountains in the middle, and the plains are vertical and horizontal. It is a typical small basin with the same distance from Wu Fang, Ye Ye and Biyang, all around 100. According to the new examiners, Zhuge Xuan left Xiangyang and went north to the Central Plains because of Liu Biao's refusal, but he couldn't afford to die in Pingshan (now Pingdingshan City) in Ye County, where he died and was buried in nearby Lai man wa lane.
Then, Zhuge Liang, who was raised by his uncle, will inevitably come here with his uncle. Uncle has passed away, Zhuge Liang has lost his dependence and his life has no source. In order to survive, Zhuge Liang had to plow the fields. It can be seen that the root cause of Zhuge Liang's "concentrating on cultivating Long Mu" is "bizarre death", which is forced by life and necessity. So Zhuge Liang was not in Xiangyang, because Zhuge Liang was there at that time, and Liu Biao was "extravagant" and "suspicious" anyway, but he still took care of his old friend Zhuge Liang and his two nephews in life, and Zhuge Liang did not have the problem of food, clothing, housing and transportation there. Therefore, no matter how long Zhuge Liang lived in Xiangyang, he would never "plow" or "plow the wild". After Xuanzu, Zhuge Liang, a young intellectual, will live independently. There are several options before him:
(1) defected to Cao Cao, because Pingshan is very close to Xu, only over a hundred miles away, separated by the county. But this is not Zhuge Liang's wish. Because he was dissatisfied with Cao Cao's holding the emperor to make the princes, his ambition was to help the Han Dynasty. So he won't go north into the land under the jurisdiction of Cao Cao, who has both people and land.
(2) Return to Xiangyang and continue to sponsor. This is not Zhuge Liang's wish. Although Zhuge Xuan lived in Xiangyang for several years, he had friends, relatives and a house, but he was not appointed by Liu Biao for a long time, but only gave food and work. Zhuge Liang clearly knew that they left Xiangyang with repressed feelings and dissatisfaction with Liu Biao. The ambitious Zhuge Liang, even if his uncle died, would not return to Xiangyang to live on Liu Biao's charity. Therefore, Xiangyang will never be the land of "farming" after Zhuge Liang's "Xuanzu".
(3) Stay in Huali, Levin, Pingshan or nearby areas. In the book Zhuge Corrects Wuhou Temple, Xitang people in Ye County, Jiajing County in the Ming Dynasty turned to Niufeng, the original Taipu Temple, and only said that there was an old grave site in Lai man wa lane. There is no mention of Zhuge Liang's cultivation here, but it is also said that "Nanyang is still there", and Yexian annals do not record Zhuge Liang's cultivation somewhere in Yexian. Not long after Niu Fengzuo wrote The Remedy of Zhuge Wuhou Ancestral Temple, the Nanyang government decided to let Niu Yugeng come to Yuzhou to preside over state affairs, and found that Zhuge Liang began to cultivate Long Mu in Building a House, which was located in Shixia, southwest of Xiaoshidian under his jurisdiction, and there was also Xiaoshiji in the Tang Dynasty, so it was clearly included in Yuzhouzhi compiled by him. Anything else to say? We must "like" what Niu Feng said.
(4) Shixiakou is located at the junction of Blocking, Leaf, Wuyin and Wuyang counties. It is the edge of the rule of Liu Biao and Cao Cao. Its ruling power is quite weak, eccentric and convenient, and it can advance and retreat freely. It is suitable for survival, surrounded by mountains, with rivers and rich historical sites. The surrounding hills are about 500 meters, among which Wang Ba Mountain in the west is said to have been stationed here by Xiang Yu. There is a "overlord well" on the top of the mountain. According to legend, Xiang Yu was so thirsty that he dug the ground and got a spring, hence the name. There is a flag stone, which is said to be the stone of overlord flag. There is also a big circle racecourse and a small circle racecourse, which is said to be the place where Chu troops circle horses. There is a "gathering platform" in front of the mountain, which is said to be the gathering place of Xiang Yu's garrison. There is a Hanwang Terrace in the east of Wang Ba, on which there is a Hanwang Temple. There is an old clothes river nearby, also called the White Clothes River. According to legend, it is the land of Lv Hou's clothing, and there is the Niangniang Pool in the east of the decimal point, which is said to be the land of Lv Hou. In short, there are mountains that are not high, water that is not turbulent, beautiful scenery, fertile soil, and human and geographical conditions that are suitable for agricultural survival.
(5) Zhuge Liang grew up with his uncle and had deep feelings for him. Shixia is not far from Hirayama Lai man wa lane, so Zhuge Liang and his brothers often go there to pay homage to and look after his uncle's grave to express their memory and admiration for his uncle. So, why did Zhuge Liang choose this better place? The author believes that this is related to Zhuge Liang's route of going north with his uncle. There is no record in Historical Records of which way Zhuge Liang went north with his uncle. If you take the main road, it is nothing more than Xiangyang, Dengxian, Nanyang, Wang Bo, Fangcheng and Yexian, or Xiangyang, Xinye, Nanyang, Wang Bo, Fangcheng and Yexian. This road, called Xialu in ancient times, is the famous Guanma Avenue. However, during the war, the armies of Cao Cao, Zhang Biao and Liu Biao often appeared between Wan Ye and Wan Ye. If you meet them, you may be questioned lightly, or you may be in danger of being caught and killed. If you take the path, Shekou and Xiaoshidian are the only places to pass. Because this can avoid a series of county towns and make travel safer. From then on, Zhuge Liang will definitely make an investigation and understanding of the scenery and human feelings here. Therefore, after his uncle's death, he came to this "land of geomantic omen" for temporary residence, making a living by building houses and farming, and continuing to teach himself while observing the changes in the current situation. Once the time is right, he will realize his ambition of "business enjoyment".
There is no accurate basis for when Manjusri and other bodhisattvas entered Zhuge Temple. Around the decade of the Republic of China, the temple house was stripped by Liu Taiyun's family in Liubagua Village and built into its own house (which was later burned down). Bricks and tiles were buried under the ruins of the temple. Later, millstones and millstones were dug out, and there was an old thorn tree in front of the temple. The root of the tree rests on a Manjusri Bodhisattva who has lost his head. Manjusri Bodhisattva is carved from rose-red water rock, with a lion with its head facing left and tail facing right at its feet. Manjusri is followed by "Abbot XXX of Maoan, Shixiakou, Nanyang Prefecture, Henan Province, XXX year, XXX year, October 20th, Shi Tian, a stonemason". In recent years, superstition has resurfaced, and many people come here to burn incense and pray.
Zhuge Liang first settled in Shixiakou, 90 miles southeast of Fangcheng. It was first seen in the Records of Yuzhou compiled by Niu Menggeng during the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. He collected information and wrote words for him. Who is Niu Yugeng? In Zhou Yuzhi, he introduced himself like this: "Niu Menggeng, whose real name is Shuntian, was born in Dingtao (Yugang), Shandong Province, and was named the official of this government (Nanyang) by Jiansheng. Jiajing Bingwu came to the office at the age of five. " During the Jiajing period (A.D. 1536), Wu Bing was twenty-five years old. Before the new magistrate of Yuzhou took office, the court ordered him to preside over the overall work of Yuzhou as the chief judge. He is a fellow villager with Zhuge Liang and Yang Yingkui (Yidu, Shandong), the former magistrate of Nanyang Prefecture. He not only knew their life experiences, but also discovered Zhuge Liang's earliest farming land after he came to Yushu, and he also had the physical evidence of Little Stone, so he did not hesitate to load it into the state records. Due to the war in the late Ming dynasty, the burning and killing were excessive. By the Qing Dynasty, the records about Yuzhou in the Ming Dynasty were incomplete. In the forty-fifth year of Kangxi, Ren Dong (Xiangping) was rebuilt in words. Ten years later, it was written in six volumes (not engraved). In the 13th year of Yongzheng, the Song Dynasty was ordered to renew the Annals of Yuzhou in the first year. The new content lasted for six years from the 55th year of Kangxi to the 30th year of Qianlong. Song Li Ming was born in Lanshan County (now Linyi City, Shandong Province), the capital of Yizhou. Yishui County, Zhuge Liang's hometown, is under the jurisdiction of Yizhou Prefecture. Therefore, Song and Zhuge Liang are close fellow villagers, and they will have a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of Zhuge Liang's life experience. Song said in the preface to Records: "There is no ominous comment on remembering the kindness of the characters, increasing or decreasing the taxes, abolishing current affairs, or changing local feelings. Go to the third one. " This shows that his attitude towards history is serious and meticulous. There are four records in Zhou Yuzhi, which he continued to study, that Zhuge Liang settled in Shixiakou for the first time. Because the stone records of the Tang Dynasty still exist, after repeated textual research, he believed in the stone records, so he fully expressed this content in Zhou Zhi. In addition, he also described some memorial buildings about Zhuge Liang in Zhouzhi and its vicinity. For example, the Zhuge Temple he painted on a map of Yuzhou is at the foot of the north city wall of Dongmenli Road. The second volume also has a record of "Wuhou Temple, offering sacrifices to the southeast of the old rule in the Spring and Autumn Period". In Fangcheng County Records of the Republic of China, under this entry, another sentence was added: "There is an inscription rebuilt in six years of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty and three years of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty". This fully shows that Zhuge Liang did have activities in Fangcheng, and the people of Fangcheng really missed and admired Zhuge Liang.
Other places of interest include: the magical herb Yang Bunai Tree, Liu Hu, Shengjing Temple Hot Spring, Louzhuang Site in Neolithic Age, Temple Gate Site in Western Zhou and Northern Wei Dynasties, Bodhisattva Stone Statue in Qing Dynasty, Shen Zhenwu Cemetery in Ming Dynasty, etc.