Baiyun Temple is located at the southern end of Taihang Mountain, 32km west of Huixian County, under the top of Bailuyuan Mountain. Formerly known as White Cat Temple, also known as Meng Jue Temple. It was built during the reign of Emperor Gaozong in the Tang Dynasty, with a history of 1300 years.
The temple faces south, and the main existing buildings are the mountain gate, the Heavenly King Hall, the Ursa Major Hall, the left and right attached halls, the east and west wing rooms, the Bell and Drum Tower and the Dizang King Hall. The existing halls are buildings of the Ming Dynasty, and the rest are buildings of the Qing Dynasty. However, many components still have obvious Tang and Song styles, and the murals, paintings and sculptures in all parts of the hall are first-class fine works.
The existing important cultural relics in the temple mainly include: Song Dynasty stone tablet 1 block, Yuan Dynasty stone pagoda 2, Song and Ming Dynasty brick pagoda 4, Ming and Qing Dynasty stone tablet 2 1 block. In addition, there are six Song Dynasty ginkgo trees, Jinsha and Yinsha Gu Quan.
Baiyun Temple, formerly known as White Cat Temple, is also known as Meng Jue Temple, Xueyuan Temple and Bailu Temple. It was built during the reign of Emperor Gaozong in the Tang Dynasty.
The scale of temples expanded in the Five Dynasties. In 957, a monk master went to the abbot of Baiyun Temple. The Jin Dynasty changed its name to "University Hall".
From the Yuan Dynasty to the 20th year of Yuan Dynasty (1283), it was rebuilt and the name of "White Cat Temple" was restored. In the 24th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (139 1), it was rebuilt and renamed "Baiyun Temple". In the second year of Wanli (1574), the abbot monk Zhan Ren led his disciples to rebuild Tennoja with the help of Dong Tang and Tang Lan. During Hongzhi and Zheng De years, Baiyun Temple entered its heyday, with 100 monks. In the eighth year of Chongzhen (1635), Ding Bo monks rebuilt it and renamed it "Bailu Temple".
There were many repairs during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. During the Republic of China, there were more than 70 monks in the temple, with more than 300 mu of temple production and more than 2,000 mu of trees. The bells of the ancient temple spread ten miles away, becoming the center of eight temples (Xuan Ji, Bailu, Fazhu, Xianyang, Yulong, Baoquan and Hump) in Bailushan area. "The best one covers all the Brahmins in Taihang Mountain" (in the words of Qing Daoguang's Chronicle of Huixian), it is called a Buddhist holy place.
/KLOC-In the winter of 0/943, Commander Pi Dingjun of the Fifth Army Division of the Eighth Route Army Taihang organized the front command post in Baiyun Temple. On September 1947 and 15, the Seventh Society of Taihang established Huixian Normal School in Baiyun Temple, also known as "Baiyun Temple Normal School". 1949 February 14 Huixian was liberated, the school moved to the urban area, and Baiyun Temple became a memorial site of revolutionary sites. 1963 On June 20th, the People's Committee of Henan Province announced that the Five Hundred Lohan Monuments in the Song Dynasty and the Stone Pagoda of Master Zhao Pu were the first batch of provincial-level cultural relics protection units. 1986165438+1October 2 1 Baiyun Temple was announced by the Henan Provincial People's Government as the second batch of provincial-level cultural relics protection units. On June 25th, 2006, it was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit.
(1) Temple layout
The whole courtyard of Baiyun Temple is built according to the mountain situation. The original building entered four courtyards, which is a group building with a central axis. The existing buildings are composed of the mountain gate, the Bell and Drum Tower, the Heavenly King Hall, the Ursa Major Hall and its ancillary buildings, the East-West Wing, the East-West Wing, and the Earth Treasure Hall, with a total of more than 60 rooms.
Shanmen: Built on a stone platform. The three rooms are wide and deep, with brick and wood structure. Hard top, covered with gray tiles. The ridge is decorated with exquisite lotus leaves. Open the door before and after tomorrow, and install two boards respectively. There are bluestone steps in front of the door and bluestone vertical belts on both sides. The front wall of the second room is equipped with lattice wooden windows. There is a door on each side of the mountain gate, both of which are hard mountain and gray tile roofs. In front of the mountain gate is a high platform with ramps on both sides. There are five ginkgo trees in the Song Dynasty in the east-west row in front of the high platform.
Bell and Drum Tower: Bell and Drum Tower is located 5 meters north of the left side of the mountain gate, with brick and wood structure, double eaves and hard roof and gray tile roof. A Zhang Kuan face, a Zhang Shen face. There are stairs on the west side outside to go up and down. The Drum Tower no longer exists.
Tianwang Temple: Three rooms are wide and one room is deep. Brick and wood structure, hard top, covered with gray tiles. The front ridge is a high relief dragon, and the vertical ridge is decorated with lotus leaf and lotus pattern. The east and west mountains are full of blue bricks and wind. There is a front porch, a special-shaped bucket is placed on the stigma under the eaves, and eaves, buckets, flat beams and columns are painted. Before and after the Ming dynasty, the door was opened, and a plaque of "Cihang Pudu" was hung on the front door. There are two stone tablets under the eaves on both sides of the main entrance, and there is a platform in front of the temple. There is a ginkgo tree in Song Dynasty on the right outside the back door. There are two doors to the left and right of the Buddhist temple, and the west gate is gone, leaving only the remains of the column base. On the lintel of the East Gate are written four brick-carved official script characters of "Baiyun Temple".
Daxiong Hall: five rooms wide and three rooms deep. Brick and wood structure, hanging from the top of the mountain, covered with gray tiles. There are high reliefs of colored glass on the main ridge and vertical ridge. There are eight dragons and several lotus flowers carved on the main ridge, with kisses at both ends. There were all kinds of small animals in the original decoration, but unfortunately they no longer exist. The vertical ridge is decorated with lotus flowers and lotus leaves. Dongxishan is very unique because of colorful glass fish and strong wind. Under the front eaves, it has a single head and five steps, and the piano face is raised. Between the Ming and the second, the bunk beds are inclined, and the melon edges fight. The square is huge, and the column forehead and sparrow replacement are carved with flowers. All the above parts are painted, which is extremely beautiful. There are four small octagonal pillars under the front eaves. I originally carved two couplets, but I don't know when they were worn off. Later, the words "Buddha shines brightly" were engraved on the top of the four pillars. There is a lotus column foundation under the column. There is a 12 six-posted grid door between Ming and Er. There are five beams in the hall, all of which are painted. There are murals on the two mountain walls, and the painters are very meticulous. The plaque of "Daxiong Hall" is hung at the main entrance. There are eight-character walls on both sides in front of the temple, and four Qing Dynasty stone tablets are embedded in the walls. In front of the temple is a wide platform, and bluestones can be directly poked into the hall. At the foot of the main hall, there are hard-mountain-style grey tile-topped moon gates, with the theme of "Jingyuan" at the east gate and "Jingyuan" at the west gate, respectively, forming unit courtyards. The entrance is three wide two-story halls, with a hard top and gray tile roof, a front porch and wooden stairs to go up and down. On the east and west sides of the platform in front of the main hall, there are five accompanying buildings with double eaves and hard roofs. In front of the annex, there are three east wing rooms and west wing rooms.
In addition, the northwest side of the temple is a closed courtyard, which is the Tuwang Hall, commonly known as the Grandma Hall. There is a white marble bodhisattva sculpture with exquisite carving techniques.
Throughout the temple, the layout is reasonable and the structure is rigorous. There is not only the front and back connection of the central axis, but also the left and right echoes of the left and right courtyards. The corner gate is hidden, winding and secluded, with unique characteristics.
(2) Tallinn landscape
Baiyun Temple is a thousand-year-old temple. Buddhist activities flourished several times, leaving a stupa and forming a spectacular Tallinn landscape. Deep in the forest on the hillside behind the temple, there are 4 brick pagodas in Song and Ming Dynasties and 2 stone pagodas in Yuan Dynasty. They are Gong Huibao Pagoda, which silently shows Buddhists, Qifeng Pagoda of the Disappeared Old Man, Elders Pagoda of the Hidden Temple, Elders Pagoda of the Lonely Family Showing Buddhists, and Stone Pagoda of the Wonderful Buddha. In addition, there are two pagodas, the Guishan Monk Pagoda and the Zhonggong Monk Pagoda. The pagoda no longer exists, only the inscription on the pagoda still exists. According to the local old people, the stupa of Baiyun Temple is far more than that, because of wars and natural disasters, it no longer exists.
Gong Hui Baota, a silent and enlightened Zen master: It is located in the hillside jungle behind the temple. It was built in the sixth year of Southern Song Dynasty (1246). Sitting north facing south, the plane is square. Pure brick structure with dense eaves, with five floors and a height of 7.08 meters. The foundation of the tower is Sumitomo, and most of it is not under the surface. On the first floor, the eaves of the tower are dripping with tiles, and the piano surface is raised. The eaves are made of inverted masonry. This pagoda is made of lotus flowers. Tarnum has an inscription embedded in the center, which is for Yuan Haowen, a good friend and writer of Jackson Wu Tong. The inscription describes the master's life, experience and prestige: "Master Hui died for seven days, was buried far and near, and the whole city moved ... there were many supernatural events".
Zhao Pu Zen Master Stone Pagoda: Stone Carved Lama Pagoda. It is the relocation stupa of the great Zen master who presided over the Buddha's light shining in Shan Ye. It was built on February 15th, 29th, Yuan Dynasty (1229) for the great Zen master who inherited Buddhism. Pure stone structure. Five floors, 4.9 meters high. The tower base and eaves are octagonal, and the tower is drum-shaped. The tower foundation consists of two layers of Mount Sumi. Most of the lower sumeru is submerged below the surface of the earth, and only the top of the octagon is exposed, engraved with geisha music. There are four pot doors carved on the waist of the upper beard, each with a lying lion carved in it, and peony flowers carved between the pot doors. The lower owl carved lotus for a week, and the upper owl and the upper petal carved lotus had two layers, each with eight flowers. Each lotus petal on it is carved with a Buddha statue, which is meditation. The tower is 0.80 meters high, and the Buddhist shrine has two floors.
The upper niche is pointed and arched, and there are seven niches on all sides. There is no niche in the north, and the inscription on the tower says: "I gave the abbot of the mountain Buddha light to the great Zen master, and moved to the Lingta at the age of 93. Dayuan looked up to the sun in February to Dayuan's twenty-ninth year, which was created by the great Zen master who inherited the Buddha's heart." There is a Buddha and two disciples carved in the south niche. The Buddha sat on Sumeru, and two disciples stood on the lotus with their hands folded. Carve a lux in the southeast niche; Carve a king in the southwest niche; In the east niche is Manjusri Bodhisattva riding an elephant; In the west niche is Bodhisattva Pu Xian riding a lion and holding Ruyi Lotus. In the shrines in the northeast and northwest, a bodhisattva holding a lotus flower stands on the lotus platform. The lower niche is a semicircular arch with sixteen * * *. Each niche is carved with a sitting Buddha, and the lower part of the niche is lined with peony and lotus. Above the tower is the neck. 0.28 meters high. The sculpture has eight lion heads, a flower rope in its mouth and a ribbon around its neck. Above the tower neck, there are three layers of octagonal eaves with inclined wing angles. The first layer of eaves is 0.30 meters high, and moire is engraved on the eaves. There are eight flying feet under the eaves, two of which are double-headed. On the second floor, flowers are carved on the eaves, four pointed arches are carved on the tower wall under the eaves, and there is a Buddha in the north niche, which seems to say something; A Buddha in the south niche is like a demon; There is a Buddha in the east and west niches, both of which are meditation statues. On the third floor, the eaves of the tower are carved with banana leaves of mountain flowers, and there is a niche on all sides of the octagonal tower wall under the eaves, and there is a Buddha in each niche. Above the tower eaves is a tower gate. The brake seat is round, with lotus petals engraved on it and a vase-shaped tower brake on it.
The tower has a beautiful and elegant appearance. The carving skills are exquisite and exquisite, and the carving contents are rich and colorful. It is a rare stone carving stupa in the Yuan Dynasty in the Central Plains and even the whole country.
Stone Pagoda of Great Zen Master Miao Jue: Located 50 meters east of the Stone Pagoda of Great Zen Master Zhao Pu. Pure stone structure, Lama Tower. On the fifth floor, some components at the top of the tower have been damaged, and the existing height is 3.7 1 m. The lower part is a tower foundation composed of two layers of sumeru. The lower layer of the tower foundation is an octagonal sumeru. On both sides of the square, there is a supporting flying sky with no exposed feet, which is shaped like a cymbal or a blowing sheng. A pot door is carved on both sides of the waist-girding part, and geisha musicians are carved in the pot, each playing sheng, flute, flute, harp, cricket and waist drum. There are four pot doors carved on each side of the upper sumeru waist, and a crouching lion is carved inside, exposing the first half. The lower owl carves the lotus for a week. The upper owl and the upper owl carve a single lotus with two layers, each with eight petals. The upper owl carves the Buddha statue with headlights, and sits on the lotus seat, showing a meditation image. The tower is drum-shaped and 0.90 meters high. Carved in three layers. There are eight groups of peony flowers with different postures carved on the lower floor. There are eight shrines on the middle floor. There is one Buddha and two bodhisattvas in the north niche, and the bodhisattva on the right side of this statue has been extinct. Carve a Buddha and two disciples in the south niche; Carve a staggered warrior in the southeast niche; Carve a sword warrior in the southwest niche; Manjusri Bodhisattva carves and rides elephants in the East Shrine; Xikan Bodhisattva Carves and Rides a Lion; Carve a lux in the northeast niche; There is a Buddha statue carved in the northwest niche. There are sixteen niches on the upper floor, with a height of 0.18m. There is a Buddha in each niche, sitting on a sumeru or square pedestal, holding something or a mord, or a scroll, or a clean bottle, or a stroke, or a rosary, and so on. Some hold unicorns, while others have lions lying on them. Above the tower is the tower neck, which is 0.33 meters high and octagonal. Each corner is carved with a lion's head, with a flower rope in its mouth and a ribbon around its neck. There is only an octagonal cornice on the neck of the tower, and the wing angle is inclined, engraved with animal and flower patterns. The tower wall under the eaves is 0.25m high. There are pointed arches carved on all sides, and a Buddha statue is carved in each niche. The brakes are gone.
Eight senses apocalypse old man tower: located 200 meters outside the temple in Manchuria. Pure brick structure. Sit west and sit east. It consists of three parts: tower foundation, tower body and tower gate. The plane is square, with seven floors, and the height is 13.06 meters. Commonly known as the "Feng Shui Tower", it was actually the tower of the monk Tianqi in Baiyun Temple during Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty. Inscriptions are embedded in the front and back of the tower. The inscription on the front reads "Monument to the Miracle Tower for the Elderly". The inscription on the back describes in detail that the tower was built by the Han and Tibetan nationalities during the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty.
(3) Stone tablets and stone carvings
Baiyun Temple Inscription 2 1. Among them, 500 Luohan steles are treasures among many steles, which were announced as the first batch of cultural relics protection units in Henan Province on June 20th, 1963.
Five hundred arhats tablet: the full name is "Five hundred arhats tablet in White Cat Temple". Located at the lower left of Baiyun Temple Gate. It was founded on September 19th, the first year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1008). The head, body and seat of the monument are well preserved. The monument is 3.62m high,1.04m wide and 0.30m thick. Conifer with needles. The upper part of the yin and yang sides of the monument head is a pattern of two dragon playing beads. The center of the front is a reed, and the print is six Chinese characters of "Five Hundred Luohan Monuments". In the middle of the shady side is a laurel-shaped niche, in which a Buddha statue is carved, sitting on the lotus seat, showing a meditation image. There are words on both sides of the tablet. On the front, the first topic is "Five Hundred Luohan Monuments in Baimao Temple in Bailushan, Da Song Dynasty". The inscription is a running script, 3 1 line is 49 words, and it is 15 19 words. For example, Dr. Zi Guanglu, the Beijing envoy, is the official seal of the proofreader and ancient scholar Yicao (Yicao is the second son of Cao Bin, the assistant of the Song Dynasty), and the great monk Qingzhen wrote an article on Confucian classics in Right Street, Tokyo. He talked about Confucian classics. The inscription records in detail the evolution of Baiyun Temple, the establishment of 500 Lohan Hall, the casting process of 500 Lohan statues and the placement of statues in Lohan Hall. The tablet is engraved with inscriptions and a charity list.
Bodhisattva statue is carved on white marble, commonly known as "Grandma Jade", and is located in the Dizang King Hall (commonly known as Grandma Hall) in the northwest corner of the temple. In the 28th year of Kangxi (1689), Wang Zhengchun of Renhe County, Zhejiang Province paid homage to him. The elephant is 4.8 meters high. The whole body is a beautiful piece of white marble, lifelike and kind-hearted. Known as "Grandma Jade", it is regarded as the treasure of Baiyun Temple.
(4) Monks and celebrities
The well-documented abbots or monks in Baiyun Temple mainly include Master Che, Master Zongyuan Dade (), Master Nie, Master Pu Zhao, Master Fu Xin Miao Jue, Master Baofeng, Master Ji Jue, Old Gu Feng, Old Yin An, Old Zhong Gong and Master Gui Feng. Among them, the Apocalypse monk is particularly famous.
The Apocalypse monk is from Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province. His father's surname is Jiang and his mother's surname is Xu. At the 20th anniversary ceremony, a monk who had no moon power in Jingmen shaved his head and became a monk. Later, he met Baofeng, a Buddhist monk, gave him a cassock and took charge of Linggu Temple, a famous temple in Jinling. He lived in Baiyun Temple in his later years. Apocalypse monks have a deep understanding of Buddhism and Taoism and quotations from the world. At that time, the Buddhist community enjoyed high prestige and had deep friendship with Kaifeng Temple, Jinling Liang Qing Temple, Linggu Temple and Tibetan monks. After the death of the Apocalypse monk in the 11th year of Hongzhi (1498), eminent monks from all over the world gathered in Baiyun Temple to attend his funeral. The brilliant Buddhist master of Sanggandan in Tibet also personally led the masses to participate in the construction of the tower. The construction of the pagoda by monks from the two ethnic groups not only reflects the long history of unity and friendship between the two ethnic groups, but also shows that the Buddhist cultural exchange between the two ethnic groups reached its peak in the early Qing Dynasty, and also shows the prominent position of Baiyun Temple in the spread of Buddhist culture.
Yuan Haowen (1 190 ~ 1257), a writer at the end of Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, lived in seclusion in the mountains of northwest Huixian for more than ten years after the collapse of the Jin regime. During his stay in Baiyun Temple, he became close friends with Zhang, a great Zen master and an official minister. After the death of Master Gong Hui, he built a stupa for the master together with other monks and wrote the inscription himself. Li Zhi (1527 ~ 1602), a famous scholar and thinker in Ming Dynasty, taught in Huixian from 1556 to 1560. During this period, he visited Baiyun Temple and his friends Zhao Heng, Chen Zhou and Li Zhi. Leo Lee (1488 ~ 1566), a native of Xiangfu, Henan Province, was another famous scholar in Ming Dynasty. After being dismissed during the Jiajing period, he resumed his work, traveled to Taihang Mountain, and went to Bailu Mountain specially to indulge in this Buddhist holy land. He visited eight temples including Tuofeng Temple (also known as Luojia Temple), Yuanji Temple (also known as Xuan Ji Temple), Bailu Temple, Yulong Temple, Baoquan Temple, Heju Temple, Xianyang Temple and Baiyun Temple, and wrote down the record of visiting Baimao Temple. At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Baiyun Temple was famous in Beijing, which aroused the yearning of Emperor Qianlong. In September of the 15th year of Qianlong (1750), I made a special visit to Baiyun Temple, leaving immortal poems. The existence of paladin has made Baiyun Temple win a thousand-year adventure and spread it as an eternal story. In the early years of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai lived in seclusion in Huixian, occupying the mountains and forests in Bailushan area and building villas. During this period, Xu Shichang and others often visited famous temples such as Baiyun Temple and Yulong Temple.
(5) Poem inscription
As a thousand-year-old temple famous in the Central Plains, Baiyun Temple received hundreds of scholars, celebrities and officials from all directions, leaving a large number of poems and plaques. According to records, there were Wang Yun (a writer in the early Yuan Dynasty) in the Yuan Dynasty, Wang Jiao (a scholar and a right assistant minister of the Ministry of War), Li Zhi (a thinker), Deng (an official promoted by Wei Huifu), Wang Mingzhai, Li Xunchuan and Ji Yunhe (a magistrate) in the Ming Dynasty. Among them, Leo Lee's travel prose "You Bai Mao Shi" was included in the Collection of Ancient and Modern Books, Yu Fangji, Classic of Mountains and Rivers, and The Complete Travels of China in Past Dynasties. These have become the important cultural connotations of the thick Baiyun Temple. In addition, the plaque inscribed "Baiyun Free" by Emperor Qianlong when he was stationed in Baiyun Temple became the glory in the temple.
Introduction: Baiyun Temple in Huixian County is located at the foot of Bailu Mountain, 35 kilometers west of Huixian County. Baiyun Temple, the main scenic spot in the scenic spot, was built in the Tang Dynasty, formerly known as White Cat Temple, also known as Meng Jue Temple. There are five temples with single eaves and hanging mountains. There are more than 50 rooms including nave, Shanmen, Dongxitang and Attic. There are two stone pagodas in Yuan Dynasty behind the temple, which are beautifully carved, and there are 500 Luohan tablets in Song Dynasty in the east of the temple, with detailed chronology. There are Jinsha and Yinsha Er Quan in the west of the temple, and there is a Dizang Hall next to the spring, with strange buildings. There is a cliff in the west and a hole called Black Dragon Cave, which is unfathomable. The ancient trees in front of the temple are towering, and the sun is not seen in midsummer. It is a summer resort. Department of provincial key cultural relics protection units.