The miasma in Lingnan does not refer to Guangdong. Lingnan refers to the area south of Wuling Mountain Range in southern China, which is equivalent to the whole territory of Guangdong and Guangxi, as well as parts of Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. This area is quite vast.
In the writings of many literati who admire Lingnan, the mountains and rivers in Lingnan can be described as sinister. Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty? The poem "Twenty Rhymes of a Spring Tour in Lingnan" is very representative. The poem says: "It is difficult to be old in the soil and difficult to tame. The natives are thin and grow old together, and the cave owner wears a yellow scarf. Their faces are bitter and bitter, and sour olives are new. They are neither frozen nor greedy for spring warmth, and there is no poisonous weeds in first frost. Cloud and snake, sword and crocodile skin. The road is full of tourists, and many officials are ministers driving. Hurricane Huang mother, the rain is black and long. Send a message to the messenger first, sign early and turn around. You must guard against the devil in the cup, and don't love the treasure in the cup. North and South are different customs and will be close to each other. " The poem is full of images such as evil, greedy springs, poisonous weeds, pythons, crocodiles, hurricane mothers, monsters and fear of disease, aging and death, as Zhang said: "It is very typical to mix the poet with the south that is known from classics and rumors.
The ancients believed that Lingnan miasma was difficult to protect itself. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu was demoted to Chaozhou because of his remonstrance with Buddhist bones, and "he was shocked into his body and mind and became ill, helping Taoist people understand difficulties". On the way, I met my nephew and recited "I know your distance, but it is intentional, so that I can collect my bones by the river." Han Yu never got used to it in Lingnan, so he wrote to the emperor for mercy whenever he had the chance.
With the terrible degree of Lingnan boils, encourage friends to overcome spiritually. There is a poem praising the miasma in Lingnan. For example, Zhang Ji is passionate about the country and enriching the people, and Lingnan is obedient. As the poem goes, "The holy court will hold Jeff, and the internal envoy will announce it and will listen to it. Haibei barbarians come to dance, and Lingnan seals the tube to send pictures. Silver pheasants fly around the official ship, and red hibiscus opens as a banquet pavilion. Here, Mo Yan is full of sadness, and the old star will see you in the sky. " Gao Shi sent his friends off and said, "The town is strong with foreign investment in the mountains, and the festival is very prosperous at the end." When the moon approaches the shogunate, the star creates the word Cao. The sea is wide to Yangcheng, and the mountains are high to the county.