Dingdong Mausoleum of Cixi and Sun Dianying of Yuling in Qianlong were the two richest tomb thieves. Which tombs of the Qing Dongling were stolen?
Among the five imperial tombs in the Eastern Qing Dynasty, except the Xiaoling Mausoleum in the emperor shunzhi, there are not many funerary objects because it is said that Shunzhi Mausoleum is a well-dressed tomb. "The Mountain Mausoleum doesn't worship ornaments, and it doesn't hide treasures." It has become the only mausoleum in Dongling that has not been stolen so far. All the other tombs have been visited.
The Qing Dongling was once an isolated and sacred imperial forbidden area. The emperor of the Qing dynasty advocated that "the holy son of heaven is filial to the world first, and the mountains and tombs are the first." Since the emperor shunzhi, five emperors, Kangxi, Qianlong, Xianfeng, and Tongzhi, have been buried in this land, which is like a tiger sitting on a dragon plate and full of kingliness. The imperial tomb in the Eastern Mausoleum of Qing Dynasty was stolen many times. Why did only Xiaoling survive?
The reasons are as follows:
1. The folklore that Shunzhi was not buried in Xiaoling Mausoleum
Whether it is the official history "A Record of the Ancestor" compiled by the Qing Dynasty or "A Chronicle of the Imperial Master of Yulin" and other documents, it is unanimously confirmed that Emperor Shunzhi died of smallpox, an incurable disease at that time. His body was cremated 1 days after his death, and his ashes were placed in the altar, which is called Treasure Palace.
The ashes of two Empresses, Xiao Kang and Xiao Xian, were buried with Shunzhi. So the underground palace is not empty, but there are three treasure palaces, which are what we often call urn.
In fact, the reason why Xiaoling Mausoleum became the only mausoleum in the Eastern Qing Dynasty that was not stolen is due to the folklore, that is, the legend that Shunzhi was not buried in the underground palace mentioned earlier. Since it is empty, there is naturally no treasure, which makes most thieves lose interest in it.
2. There are no coffins in the Xiaoling Mausoleum.
The royal funerary objects are generally gold and silver products, jewels and jade articles, which are used to fill the gaps in the coffins. There are no coffins in the underground palace of Xiaoling, but only three urn jars, which need no caulking. Where are the treasures?
Therefore, it is difficult for grave robbers to gain anything, so they won't spend a lot of energy stealing Xiaoling Mausoleum.
3. The influence of the merit tablet
The merit tablet of Xiaoling does indeed say "Imperial Examination: Mountain Mausoleum does not worship ornaments, and does not hide treasures". Whether there is no silver here or not, these true and false rumors have indeed played a role in protecting Xiaoling.
Of course, there are still thieves who secretly dig Xiaoling Mausoleum several times, hoping to take a chance. Fortunately, it was before and after the founding of New China, and the militiamen in Dongling villages stepped up their vigilance. The bandits failed to succeed, leaving only a big hole less than two meters deep.
References: People's Daily Online-The Unsolved Mystery of Qing Dongling: Is Xiaoling Mausoleum Empty? Why has it never been stolen? Were all the tombs of the Eastern Qing Dynasty stolen?
In 1928, Yuling and Dingdong Mausoleum were robbed by Sun Dianying, commander of the 12th National Revolutionary Army, and the buried treasures were looted. In 1945, the tombs of 157 people in the Qing Dongling Mausoleum were all excavated except Xiaoling Mausoleum and two tombs that were stolen by Sun Dianying. On August 15, 1945, Japan surrendered, the Japanese soldiers guarding the tombs were withdrawn, and the pseudo-police were dissolved. CCP seized the political power here by taking advantage of weakness. At that time, the troops of the 15 th Army Division of Jidong Military Region, which was in charge of the Qing Dongling Mausoleum, occupied the mausoleum area (that is, movies) In September, 1945, Cao Zhifu (commander of CCP Jidong Military Region) instructed his subordinates Zhang Dezhong (captain of enemy intelligence in the 15th Army Division), Wang Shaoyi, Jie Ru, and other 3-plus Route Army to rob and dig the Qing Dongling on a large scale in the name of fighting against the big landlords. Several
Xiling Mausoleum was stolen. It was the cemetery of four emperors and their empresses in Qing Dynasty, and was listed as a world cultural heritage in 2. Located in Yixian County, Baoding, 15 kilometers west, you can see a piece of pines and cypresses at the foot of Yongning Mountain, covering an area of 8,3 hectares, when Jing Ke went to stab the king of Qin and lamented that "the wind is rustling and the water is cold, and the strong men are gone and never returned." Because of its remote location and inconvenient transportation, it has not suffered much damage after years of war. The accent of Yixian people is similar to Baoding, and influenced by the accent of Shanxi nearby. Only the local people in several villages around Xiling are Manchu people who speak Beijing dialect, and they are all descendants of the Eight Banners soldiers who protected the mausoleum in those days. The tombs of Nuerhachi and Huang Taiji, the founding emperors of the Qing Dynasty, were in Shenyang's hometown (the Three Mausoleums in Shengjing). Since Shunzhi, the tombs of the past dynasties have been placed in the Qing Tombs in Malanyu, Zunhua County, Tangshan. Yong Zhengdi found that the geomantic omen under Yongning Mountain is very good, which is close to Beijing, especially near Quyang County, where stones are produced. The white marble materials needed to build palaces and tombs in the Ming and Qing Dynasties are all produced in Taihang Mountain area in Quyang, so he decided to build his mausoleum in Xiling, which can save a lot of manpower. Due to the strict reform during Yongzheng's reign, although he was diligent, he offended many people and had a bad reputation. Therefore, it was said among the people that Yongzheng murdered his father and usurped the throne, and he was afraid to see his father after his death, so he built another grave in Xiling. The Tailing Mausoleum of Yongzheng is the most magnificent cemetery in Xiling. Yongzheng wrote a letter before his death and decided not to build a stone statue and Shinto for his mausoleum. However, his ambitious son, Emperor Qianlong, not only built a stone statue and Shinto for Tailing, but also built three largest stone archways in China at present before Shinto. However, Qianlong worshiped his grandfather Kangxi very much and didn't want to be buried in Xiling. He built a luxurious mausoleum for himself in Dongling, but he couldn't put his father in Xiling alone, so he wrote a letter to the future emperor to "show the order of Mu and bury him every other generation". According to Qianlong's intention, his son, Emperor Jiaqing's Changling, was placed in Xiling. In Jiaqing's time, the national strength of the Qing Dynasty was not as good as that of "Kanggan Prosperity", so the scale of Changling was far less than that of Tailing. According to Qianlong's will, Emperor Daoguang, Jiaqing's son, should have been buried in Dongling, but when he first built the mausoleum for the dead queen, the underground palace leaked groundwater. Daoguang thought it was unlucky and decided to move to Xiling. There is an outward wooden faucet carved in the middle of the partition of each door and window in Muling of Daoguang, which is very delicate, just like a mold. He wants to take water with a dragon to avoid flooding. Because Daoguang was buried in Xiling, his son Emperor Xianfeng had to be buried in Dongling. Xianfeng's son Tongzhi Emperor died young, and Empress Dowager Cixi made the decision and still placed it in Dongling. Cixi built a luxurious mausoleum for herself in Dongling, and did not care about Emperor Guangxu at all, but when they died at the same time, Guangxu had no mausoleum. Chongling, the mausoleum of Guangxu in Xiling, started construction only after Guangxu's death, but the Revolution of 1911 took place three years later, and the Qing emperor abdicated. According to the renewal agreement of the Republic of China and the efforts and donations of a group of old people, it was not completed until 1913. Therefore, the buildings in chongling are very new, with sharp edges and corners, from which we can imagine the elegant demeanour when the Forbidden City was first built. Outside chongling, there are also the tombs of Zhenfei (who committed suicide) and her sister Jinfei, who were very famous in history and were drowned by Cixi. The three tombs of Zhongtai Changmu in Xiling are well preserved and have not been stolen. The tombs of Yuling, chongling and Zhenfei have been stolen, and the funerary objects have been lost. Which tombs have been stolen in Dongling?
Qing Dongling is one of the three royal tombs in the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dongling is located at the southern foot of Changrui Mountain in the northwest of zunhua city. From 1661 (the 18th year of Qing Shunzhi), Xiaoling Mausoleum was built, and in 198, the construction of Dongling (Cixi Mausoleum) in Putuo Valley was completed. It lasted nearly two and a half centuries. During this period, five imperial tombs, four queen tombs, five princess gardens and one princess garden were built. Five emperors were buried in these 15 tombs. (The first emperor Shunzhi, the second emperor Kangxi, the fourth emperor Qianlong, the seventh emperor Xianfeng, and the eighth emperor Tongzhi), 15 queens, 136 concubines, 3 princes, 2 princesses, and 161 people. There are 58 single buildings, the total length of Shinto is 14,5 meters, and the cemetery area is 78 square kilometers. Xiaoling Mausoleum in Shunzhi is the only tomb in the Eastern Qing Dynasty that has not been stolen. The whole mausoleum area is centered on Xiaoling Mausoleum, the mausoleum of the first emperor Shunzhi, and the other tombs are on both sides in turn. On the east side are the Xiaoling Mausoleum of Shunzhi Queen and the Jingling Mausoleum of Emperor Kangxi. On the west side, there are the Yuling and Yufei Gardens of Emperor Qianlong, Dingling of Emperor Xianfeng and Dingdong Mausoleum of Queen Xianfeng. In addition, there is Huiling of Tongzhi Emperor in the southeast. On the east side of Dahongmen, there is the Zhaoxi Mausoleum.