1. Preparation before brooding and brooding methods
1. Preparation before brooding
A week before brooding, chicken coops, cages, utensils, etc. Formalin fumigation should be used for thorough disinfection, and water dispensers and sinks should be disinfected with disinfectants such as Baidusha and 120, and then cleaned for later use. Before brooding 1-2 days, raise the indoor temperature to about 35℃ and keep the relative humidity at about 70%.
2. brooding method
(1), ground brooding: This brooding method is generally limited to small-scale breeders with poor conditions. Simple and easy to operate, less investment. However, it should be noted that the feces of chicks should be removed frequently, otherwise chicks will be infected with various diseases, such as dysentery, coccidia and various enteritis.
(2) Online brooding: This brooding method is easy to manage, clean and hygienic, and can reduce the occurrence of various diseases.
(3) brooding in chicken coop: This method is a good way to brood at present, which is not only convenient for management and reduces the occurrence of diseases, but also can increase the number of nests and raise the brooding rate.
2. Feeding and management of chicks
1, chicken feeding
Before chicks start eating, they should drink water containing 40/ 10000 potassium permanganate solution for disinfection, meconium discharge and intestinal cleaning. When chicks start eating, they eat for the first time. They were fed chicken pellet feed, starting 5-6 times a day. For chickens with weak constitution, they should be fed once in the evening, and then gradually changed to 3-4 times a day. Nutritional index of chicken feed: crude protein18-19%; Energy 2900 kcal/kg; 3-5% of crude fiber; Crude fat 2.5%; Calcium1-1.1%; 0.45% phosphorus; Methionine 0.45%; Lysine 1.05%. The amount of materials used for chicks should be mastered according to the actual feeding situation. Chickens must be fed regularly, quantitatively and qualitatively, and kept clean.
2. brooding temperature: temperature has a great influence on the growth and development of chicks, and the brooding temperature must be strictly controlled. The basic principle of brooding temperature is that the temperature should be higher in the early stage of brooding, slightly higher for weak chicks, higher for small flocks than for large flocks, higher at night than during the day, and higher in rainy days than in sunny days. In the actual feeding process, if the temperature is appropriate, the chicks are evenly distributed and lively; When the temperature is too low, the chicks shrink their necks, squeeze each other and scream together; When the temperature is too high, the chicks stick out their tongues, open their mouths to breathe and drink more water.
3. Humidity of brooding: If the indoor air humidity is too low, the moisture in the chicks will be distributed in large quantities through breathing, which is easy to cause dust flying and make chicks susceptible to respiratory diseases; If the indoor air humidity is too high, harmful microorganisms will multiply in large numbers, which will affect the healthy development of chicks; Therefore, the humidity in the brooding room should be kept at 65-70%.
4. Maintain normal ventilation: the carbon dioxide content in the brooding house should be controlled at 0.2%, and should not exceed 0.5%. The ammonia content should be lower than 10ppm and should not exceed 20ppm, and the H2S content should be 6.6ppm and should not exceed 15ppm. In terms of ventilation, it is necessary to prevent chicks from catching cold. Before ventilation, it is required to raise the room temperature of chicks, and the best ventilation time is around noon, and the ventilation should be carried out slowly.
5. Illumination and feeding density: full-day illumination 1-3 days, 4-5 days 15-20 hours/day; 6-9 orders 16- 18 hours/day; 10- 14 daily list 14- 16 hours/day; 15-28 order 12- 14 hours/day; 28-42 days order 8- 10 hour/day.
Feeding density: 1-2 weeks 30-40/m2, 3-4 weeks 25-30/m2, 5-6 weeks 20-25/m2.
6. beak breaking: the beak breaking time of chicks is usually 7- 10 days. In order to prevent stress, Vk4(4mg/kg) or electrolytic multivitamin should be added to drinking water or feed one day before and after beak cutting.
7, chicken immunity
In order to prevent the occurrence of various infectious diseases in chicks, we should do a good job in the immunization of Marek's disease, Newcastle disease, infectious bursa, infectious bronchitis, laryngotracheitis and chickenpox according to the chicken immunization procedures provided by breeding farms.