Since ancient times, there have been many generous and sad people in Zhao Yan, which is the knowledge of the ancients. Counting the heroes and heroic feats born on the land of Hebei, we can know whether the ancients are sincere or not:
In the past, the Tang people described the demeanor of Handan Rangers as "a thousand times richer than a blogger, and he won't die after repeated revenge".
Liu Xiang, a Han Chinese, described Jing Ke's generosity as "the wind blows and the water cools, and the strong men are gone forever".
You Zhou Zhang Yide's "Loyalty and Heroism, Eight Snake Spears are breathtaking";
Changshan Zhao Zilong, "Blood-stained robe is red, who dares to compete with Japan";
......
This elegy is still passionate in modern times:
Born in Laoting, Hebei Province, Li Dazhao was tortured and humiliated after being arrested by reactionaries. He was indomitable and resolute, and was finally killed at the age of 38.
In Yixian County, Baoding, Hebei Province, the five strong men of Langya Mountain stubbornly killed the enemy, ran out of ammunition, and tried their best to jump off the cliff and die. ......
Perhaps it is the wind, sand, heat and cold in the north that make them determined and generous. However, Zhao Yan is not only outstanding, but also has ancient tomb murals, exquisite ceramics and rich folk arts. For example, Ding Yao, one of the "Five Famous Kilns", was born in Quyang, Hebei. In addition, Quyang stone carving has a long history and is world-famous, from ancient white marble to modern monument to people's heroes.
Today's article will take you to visit the Museum of Hebei Province and get a close look at the exquisite folk customs and elegant demeanor of this ancient Zhao Yan country through pictures and words.
The museum is located in Shijiazhuang Cultural Square.
Pigeons in the square get along well with tourists.
In front of the museum, there are two sculptures of winged animals, which are the tomb animals of King Zhongshan's tomb.
Strange skills seem useless to people, but all kinds of arts are useful.
The ancients didn't care about entertainment because juggling didn't have a high status in ancient times. Apart from the occasional entertainment of bureaucrats and nobles, ordinary people are busy with survival and have no time, interest or mood to engage in so-called "exotic skills". If they can't help grow crops, help control water and drought, and improve labor efficiency, no matter how strange skills, they are still small skills in the eyes of the ancients.
Some "hundred arts" related to daily life are not short of "kit kat" or even "fancy", but people are willing to study and develop them. They have facilitated and enriched the lives of ordinary people. From the initial decoration or practicality to the later culture and tradition, they have been improving from generation to generation and become the "intangible cultural heritage" now.
Intangible cultural heritage is not only the inheritance of cultural folklore, but also the feedback from craftsmen who have injected cultural heritage from generation to generation. In Hebei, "non-legacy" and "poverty alleviation" are combined. Some skilled craftsmen can get rich and spread traditional culture, killing two birds with one stone.
On the first floor of Hebei Museum, these "ingenuity-aided" intangible items were exhibited. Come and have a look with me.
Beijing embroidery: It rose in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is one of the eight wonders of Yanjing. Exquisite materials, exquisite workmanship, elegant style, mostly used for court decoration and clothing; After the demise of the Qing court, Beijing embroidery began to be popular among the people and developed into different schools. Hebei Dingxing Beijing Embroidery is one of them, which makes good use of symbols, delicate stitches, elegant colors and unique styles.
Dyeing lines of plant dyes in Beijing embroidery;
The little girl interpreted the spinning process:
Quyang Stone Carving: How awesome is Quyang Stone Carving? In Beijing, the Monument to the People's Heroes, the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall, the Great Hall of the People, the Tiananmen Restoration, the History Museum, the National Culture Palace, the Military Museum and other projects all involve Quyang stonemasons. It originated in the Western Han Dynasty, developed in the Tang and Song Dynasties, flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and enjoyed the reputation of "Quyang Stone Carving" in the Qing Dynasty. It is beautiful and elegant. In addition to architecture, all kinds of birds and beasts, mythical figures and historical sites are its carving themes.
Emperor Hanwu:
Historical figures:
Harmony: (Quyang clay sculpture, originally a rehearsal of stone carving, has gradually become an independent art)
Guangzong wickerwork: The wickerwork craft in Guangzong County, Hebei Province originated in the Qing Dynasty and was handed down from generation to generation. The products mainly include dustpan, basket, square dustpan, eight buckets and other daily necessities, which are practical but exquisite and very ornamental.
Gu 'an wickerwork: Gu 'an County, Hebei Province has the reputation of "the hometown of willow weaving". This skill appeared in the Ming Dynasty and has a history of more than 600 years. Products include buckets, baskets, safety helmets, coffee tables, gift baskets, jewelry boxes, etc. With complete varieties and exquisite craftsmanship, it enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad.
Yishui inkstone: produced in Yixian County, Hebei Province, it is one of the famous Gu Yan in China. It is as famous as Guangdong's Duanyan, and is known as "the south end and the north is easy". Legend has it that it began in the Warring States period, and the earliest unearthed artifacts were born in the Eastern Han Dynasty and matured in the Tang Dynasty. Yishui inkstone can make ink, store ink and moisten pen, and make great achievements. Ancient connoisseurs praised it as "solid texture, tender and pure color, smooth and astringent, easy to make ink, especially bright color."
Shuanglong jubao inkstone:
Yao Xing Ceramics: Located in Xingtai, Hebei Province, it began in the Northern Dynasty, flourished in Sui and Tang Dynasties, and declined in Yuan and Ming Dynasties. It is the earliest kiln for firing white porcelain in northern China, with a history of 1000 years. Xing Kiln in Sui Dynasty produced high-grade white porcelain with exquisite modeling and strong transparency, which broke the dominance of celadon since Shang Dynasty, initiated the production of white porcelain, and formed the pattern of "blue in the south and white in the north" in the history of ceramics. The Tang Dynasty and Yue Kiln were equally divided and became one of the two famous kilns. Xing Kiln is also the earliest tribute kiln in China (a folk kiln for firing porcelain for the imperial court), which laid the foundation for the development of colored porcelain in the future. The firing of Xingyao white porcelain is an important milestone in the history of China ceramics.
White porcelain chime:
White porcelain pot:
Dingyao Ceramics: It began in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is one of the "five famous kilns" in the Northern Song Dynasty, and its origin is Quyang. Because Quyang belonged to Dingzhou in ancient times, it was named "Dingci"; Ding kiln porcelain includes bowls, plates, bottles, plates, boxes and pillows. The fetal quality is dense and delicate, the glaze color is transparent and the jade quality is soft. Among the "Five Famous Kilns (Ding Kiln, Ru Kiln, Official Kiln, Ge Kiln and Jun Kiln)", Ding Kiln is the only one famous for its decoration, carving and exquisite printing. One of the characteristics of Ding kiln products is that the edge of the mouth is not glazed, which is called "Mangkou".
Xiaolong first net bottle:
Children's pillows:
Fengning Manchu paper-cut: produced in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty. Fengning is a Manchu autonomous county. Paper-cutting mostly describes the satisfaction of customs, with positive engraving as the main part, negative engraving as the supplement, fine cutting, meticulous production, rich contrast, rich flavor of life and strong sense of the times.
Wuqiang Woodblock New Year Pictures: It began in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and flourished during the reign of Kangxi and Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty. The subject matter is extensive, the style is rough and bold, and the local flavor is strong.
Internal painting in Hengshui: a painting technique for the inner wall of snuff bottles, mainly distributed in Hengshui City and its surrounding areas in Hebei Province; Its conception is profound, its composition is rigorous, its techniques are rich, its colors are harmonious, and it appeals to both refined and popular tastes. ?
Internal painting department:
Interior painting vase:
Birthday of the Eight Immortals:
Filament inlay and cloisonne: located in Dachang Hui Autonomous County, Hebei Province. It takes metal (and minerals) as raw materials, integrates art, craft, carving and inlay, and produces gorgeous and exquisite works of art. The products are influenced by the local Hui culture and have distinctive Islamic cultural characteristics.
Lotus lamp:
Gold thermos:
Ruyi Fulu Zun:
"Non-legacy" will show you here. The exhibition hall not far from here is called "Inheriting Deze Fengwu Kangning", which shows Chengde Manchu culture and hunting customs. Most of them are written introductions. Due to the limitation of space, this part is only briefly mentioned.
Manchu Eight Banners: yellow, white, red, blue, yellow, white, red and blue. It was a military organization founded by the Qing emperor Nurhachi on 162 1 (twenty-nine years of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty). At first, there were only four banners in yellow, white, red and blue. 16655.
Manchu waist knife:
In the museum, there are regular performances of traditional folk arts, including Hebei Bangzi and Jingyun Drum. Most songs are similar to "persuading people": pay attention to exercise, be good at adjusting emotions, eat more vegetables and be less angry. , very grounded. Although I was not particularly interested, I stayed in the theater for a while, but other middle-aged and elderly audiences were full of interest.
Hebei Bangzi is one of the main operas in Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing and other northern regions. It contains the humanistic feelings accumulated by Yan and Zhao in the long-term development, rich stereotypes, diverse plays, exquisite performances and high-pitched singing styles.
In the first part of the "non-legacy" exhibition hall, modern porcelain art is displayed. In fact, porcelain has a long history in Hebei. In Shang Dynasty, people in Hebei began to use primitive celadon. During the Northern Dynasties, Hebei people began to burn porcelain. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Hebei became an important porcelain producing area, and Xing Kiln, Ding Kiln and Cizhou Kiln were well-known.
Let's take a look at the exquisite ancient porcelain.
The lotus statue covered with green glaze: the porcelain of the Northern Dynasties and the decoration of lotus petals reflect the prevalence of Buddhism in the Northern Dynasties.
White glazed Pisces pot: it belongs to Xing kiln in Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties. As mentioned above, Xing Kiln mainly fires white glazed porcelain, which is white and shiny, and is known as "as snow as silver".
Tricolor rabbit pillow: It belongs to Xing kiln in Tang Dynasty. In addition to white glazed porcelain, Xing Kiln also fires blue glaze, yellow glaze, black glaze, sauce glaze and tricolor ware.
White glazed phoenix-headed pot: it belongs to Ding kiln in the late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties. Ding Kiln inherited the skill of Xing Kiln, and mainly fired white porcelain. It is characterized by carving flowers and high artistic level. Harvest pot is a kind of container influenced by Persian culture in Tang Dynasty, which is more common in gold and silver vessels. It is made of white porcelain, which is a fine work of art combining Chinese and western cultures.
Oval pillow with blue glaze and black magpie branches: it belongs to Cizhou kiln in Song Dynasty. Cizhou Kiln began in the Northern Dynasties and reached its peak in the Song and Jin Dynasties. Rich in modeling, rough in style and full of life.
Three-color phoenix-headed pot: it belongs to Jingxing (Ginkgo biloba) magnetic kiln of the fifth generation. Jingxing kiln is a new discovery of archaeologists in recent years, and it has always been dominated by white porcelain, burnt sauce glaze, dark brown glaze, blue glaze, yellow glaze and tricolor.
Three-fruit blue-and-white plum vase: blue-and-white porcelain in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty; Blue and white porcelain appeared in the Tang Dynasty and matured in the Yuan Dynasty. Cobalt oxide is used as colorant, and underglaze color technology is used to present the artistic effect of blue flowers on white background.
"Palace of Gathered Elegance" Blue Glazed Qinglong Plate: Palace of Gathered Elegance is one of the six western palaces in the Forbidden City, where Cixi once lived.
Tea-glazed ribbon gourd bottle: porcelain in the Qing Qianlong period.
Exquisite porcelain used to be the business card of our country. Many countries know China through porcelain. In English, "porcelain" and "China" are the same word-"China", which shows the popularity of China porcelain. However, Wu Jun mentioned in the book Light of Civilization that the standard of modern European and Japanese porcelain has surpassed that of China, and their products are more popular. The so-called feng shui turns, art can have its birthplace, but it cannot be monopolized and privately owned.
Enjoy porcelain. Let's look at the ancient murals.
Mural painting is the earliest form of painting. Primitive people carved stones on the wall tens of thousands of years ago. The rock painting of Helan Mountain introduced by Ningxia Museum is one of the earliest murals.
The murals in our country were very prosperous in the Han and Tang dynasties, but in fact, the murals in the Northern Dynasties were also very rich, but they have never been discovered.
Since the 1950s, a number of tombs of the Northern Dynasties have been discovered in Hebei, all of which have murals. They are fantastic and magnificent, blending Hu and Han, inheriting the Han style and prospering the Tang Dynasty, and have extraordinary artistic value.
Mural of Princess Ru Ru's Tomb: Princess Ru Ru is the granddaughter of Anagui, the supreme leader of northern ethnic minorities, and the daughter-in-law of Gao Huan, the prime minister of the Eastern Wei Dynasty (one of the Northern Dynasties). Gorgeous murals show her high respect before her death.
Mural painting of Levin's tomb: Levin was the founding emperor of Northern Qi Dynasty and the second son of Gao Huan; The bird in the picture is Suzaku, standing with wings spread and vigorous posture.
Mural painting of Gao Run's tomb: Gao Run is the 14th son of Gao Huan, and there are tomb owners and male and female attendants in the painting.
Although I don't know much about painting, looking at these strange and bright images, I still feel that the imagination and artistic level of the ancients over 1000 years ago are amazing.
The Quyang stone carving mentioned above has a long history, starting from the Western Han Dynasty, from which we often hear the "white marble". From the Western Han Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with the changes of different mainstream cultures, the contents of Quyang stone carvings are constantly changing, from stone statues to Buddha statues, from actresses to architecture, all-encompassing and nuanced.
This part will show you some ancient stone carvings.
The shape of Wang Jing's tomb in Zhongshan, Western Han Dynasty: early stone carving, simple and natural.
Maitreya Bodhisattva and Maitreya Buddha: In the 5th century, Maitreya belief was very common in Hebei, so stone carvings mostly showed Maitreya belief, and the works at this time were more detailed and lifelike.
Amitabha statue:
Stone Buddha:
Sun Yat-sen was a country during the Warring States Period. There were seven heroes in the Warring States Period: Qin, Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Wei and Han. There is no Sun Yat-sen!
No, during the Warring States period, Wancheng was seven and Wancheng was five. Zhongshan has not reached the threshold of "Wancheng", so it is just a small country, located in the south of Yan State and the north of Zhao State.
The above picture comes from the network.
Although the country is small, its spirit is not weak. Sun Yat-sen tried to mediate the gap between great powers, and once Yao Bing was king at the foot of Taihang Mountain. But Sun Yat-sen was built by nomadic people, with a short history and no detailed records in the history books. Little known for a long time, it is called "mysterious kingdom".
Since 1970s, archaeologists have excavated five royal tombs of Zhongshan and more than 0/00 tombs of civilians in Pingshan, Hebei Province, gradually unveiling this "mysterious kingdom". From the unearthed bronzes, we can feel the glory of Sun Yat-sen's strong period.
Sun Yat-sen decorated a copper square pot with a dragon;
Zhongshan Wang Tiezu bronze tripod:
Bronze medal in Fengtouliu (phonological legacy, ancient toilet);
Zhongshan Hou Gong: Gong is a symbol of kingship.
Double eagle head peak tile nail decoration: building components.
Knife coin:
Pinball: Made of mud, silver or stone, used for throwing weapons.
Bronze sword:
Zhongshan Wangjinlu Car (Imitation): Some parts are decorated with gold, which is the special car for the princes to greet their guests.
Beaded beads:
Copper button bell, curtain copper ring, tent pole copper cap, copper lifting ring;
Tongshan glyph: a ceremonial ritual vessel, symbolizing the authority of King Zhongshan, which was unique to Zhongshan during the Warring States Period.
Copper flat pot: It is filled with green wine.
Wrong gold, silver, copper and tiger bite deer screen seat: why is the font bold? Because this is my favorite piece of treasure, the tiger is vigorous and devouring the deer greedily, and the deer is unable to struggle in the tiger's mouth, looking sad and vivid. This can be seen from the superb craftsmanship of Zhongshan people.
Wrong gold, wrong silver, wrong copper, wrong cow screen seat:
Bronze lamp with silver head statue:
Crystal ring: the ice crack mechanism is clearly visible, as if it were broken at the touch.
In addition to the tomb of Sun Yat-sen during the Warring States Period, the tomb of Lingshan, which caused a sensation throughout the country, was unearthed in Hebei. The tomb was owned by Liu Sheng, Zhongshan King and Dou Wan, Empress of the Western Han Dynasty. The tomb is huge and well-preserved, just like an underground palace, with more than 1 10,000 unearthed cultural relics.
Gold and jade clothes: The two sets of gold and jade clothes unearthed in the ancient tomb are the earliest, highest-grade and most completely preserved gold and jade clothes in existence; Jade clothes are special burial clothes for emperors and nobles in Han dynasty, which are divided into jade clothes, silver jade clothes and bronze jade clothes according to their grades. The bones in the jade clothes have rotted, leaving only tooth fragments and bone residues.
Through-carving Shuanglong White Jade: Jade is crystal clear and lifelike, which is a treasure among jade articles in the Han Dynasty.
Han Dynasty (imitation): Che 'an is a kind of riding car, and people with different identities ride in carriages with different decorations. Che Wang's wheels are scarlet, the hood is cyan and black, and the metal part is gold.
Long letter palace lantern:
Cuochun Copper Boshan Furnace: This is the treasure of the town hall, with three dragons at the base, overlapping mountains, beasts in the mountains, tigers and leopards running around, and hunters patrolling with crossbows. Harmony between man and nature, beautifully crafted, is a rare ancient art treasure.
Copper Suzaku Ring Cup: A Tool to Blend Cosmetics.
Bronze riding beast figure Boshan furnace: