Huaqingchi, also known as Huaqing Palace, is famous at home and abroad for its 3000-year history of royal gardens and 6000-year history of hot spring utilization. Located at the northern foot of Lishan Mountain in Lintong District, Xi City, 30 kilometers west of Xi, with Lishan Mountain in the south and Weishui in the north, it is an ancient detached palace in China and is famous for its hot spring Tang Chi. The rulers of Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang and other dynasties all used this geomantic treasure-house as their official gardens for sightseeing, and it was also famous at home and abroad for the love story between Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei. Historical documents and archaeological excavations prove that Huaqingchi has a history of 6000 years of hot spring utilization and 3000 years of royal garden construction.
In winter, hot spring water is used to circulate in the wall for heating. Whenever snowflakes fly, frost will fall here, hence the name Feishuangtang. According to legend, Zhou Youwang of the Western Zhou Dynasty once built a detached palace here. The Qin, Han and Sui dynasties have been rebuilt successively, and the Tang Dynasty has been added several times. It was called Tangquan Palace, and was later renamed Hot Spring Palace. When I arrived in Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, I built a large-scale building, taking Tangjing as a pool, surrounded by mountains and listing palaces. At this time, I called Huaqing Palace. Because the palace is above the hot spring, it is also called Huaqing Pool. Huaqingchi in the Tang Dynasty was a palace where concubines in the harem held banquets. It comes here every year 10 and doesn't come back until the following spring. After the expansion of Tianbao in the sixth year of Tang Dynasty (747), the seventh emperor of Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty took Yang Guifei here to bathe and enjoy the scenery every winter.
According to records, during the 465,438+0 years from the second year of Kaiyuan (765,438+04) to the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755), Tang Xuanzong came here as many as 36 times. The Flying Frost Hall was originally the bedroom of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (685-762) and Yang Guifei. Bai Juyi wrote in Song of Eternal Sorrow: "It was early spring. They let her bathe in a pure pool to warm and smooth her creamy skin. Because of her fatigue, a maid held her up when the emperor first noticed her and chose her as his bride. According to historical records, the hot springs here were discovered in the Western Zhou Dynasty about 3,000 years ago. The palaces and villas of emperors and nobles in the Han Dynasty were built here. There is a magnificent "Huaqing Palace" representing the Tang Dynasty. "Huaqing Pool" got its name from this. After several generations of wars, the original building has collapsed. The present building was rebuilt by 1959 according to the layout recorded in history.
Huaqingchi, famous mountains and rivers are more exciting. The natural scenic area is divided into three parts. In the east, there are high-grade health care baths such as Shang Tang Poetry, Shao Tang Yang, Long Pond and Surfing Bath. The west is a garden tour area. The main building, Feishuang Hall, is magnificent, and Yichun Hall is commensurate with it. In the south of the park is a cultural relic protection area, and the immortal Lishan Hot Spring is here.
Above the gate of Huaqing Pool, there is a plaque inscribed by Guo Moruo. When you walk into the gate, you will see two tall cedars standing proudly. The baths of the two palace-style buildings are symmetrical left and right, and the new baths are behind them. From the new bath to the right, through the dragon wall is Jiulong Lake. The lake is as flat as a mirror, with pavilions reflecting. Yichun Hall is on the east bank of the lake, Feishuang Hall is on the north bank, and Jiuqu Gallery is on the west bank. From north to south, you will pass through Longshifang, then Chen Xuting, Jiulong Bridge and Sunset Pavilion, and then you will arrive at the "Guifei Pool" building complex imitating the Tang Dynasty.
"Lotus soup" is the place where Emperor Xuanzong bathed, covering an area of 400m2. It is a dual-purpose Tang Chi that can be bathed as well as bathed, fully demonstrating the supreme and exclusive imperial majesty. A pair of water inlets at the bottom of the pool, about 30 cm long, used to be equipped with double shower nozzles to spray water at the same time, and the stone lotus next to it symbolizes the love between Xuanzong and the imperial concubine.
"Begonia soup", commonly known as "Guifei Pool", was founded in 747 AD and was named after a blooming begonia flower on the plane. "It was early spring. They bathed her in a pure flower pond to warm and smooth her creamy skin. "This is a poem in Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow. Because she was tired, a maid lifted her up. When the emperor noticed her for the first time, he chose her as his bride. "Yang Guifei has been bathed in this flowery bath for nearly ten years." Star soup was built in 644 AD. This is dedicated by Tang Chi to Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong. The shape of the pool wall is steep in the south and soft in the north. It is preliminarily speculated that craftsmen simulated the shape of natural mountains and rivers. Legend has it that there is no shelter above and around the original site, and you can see the stars in the sky when you bathe, hence the name. There is an ancient hot spring source behind the star soup.
"Prince Soup" is a Tang Chi for the prince to bathe in. "Shang Tang Poetry" is a bath specially designed for officials of the Commercial Bureau.
When you leave the Guifei Pool, you will enter the Wang Hu Building, see the lotus pond, and then pass the Fei Xia Pavilion. It is said that this pavilion is a place where the imperial concubine enjoys the scenery and cools her hair after bathing. Now Kowloon Pond is the name of the pool where Xuanzong bathed, and Guifei Pool is where Yang Guifei bathed.
After archaeological excavations in recent years, the site of Tangliyuan was discovered within the protection scope of the Qing Palace in the Tang Dynasty, and five sites of Royal Tangchi, such as Lotus Soup (Imperial Soup) and Begonia Soup (Guifei Pool), and a large number of building materials were cleared up. At the same time, the Neolithic sand-bearing argillaceous pottery pieces were found under the Tang and Han cultural layers, which provided precious physical basis for studying the history of Huaqingchi.
Of course, in the past, Huaqing Pool was only enjoyed by a few emperors. Huaqing pool today is not the Huaqing pool more than 1000 years ago. Now Huaqingchi can only see some broken old sites, and basically can't see water. All materials describe the past tense, not the present continuous tense. Due to the over-exploitation of urban groundwater, the water level is declining. In the past, hot springs could only stay in words, but now ordinary people can't enjoy them, so they can only look over and sigh.
Come to think of it, people today are much happier than the emperors in the past. Many cities have countless high, medium and sheltered bath centers. People can wash hot spring water every day if they want. Even the emperor couldn't do this before. Do you think our life is not happy enough now? Content is better than riches.