Water polluted by heavy metals is harmful to human health. Water and food polluted by cadmium will cause kidney and bone diseases after people eat it. Ingestion of 20 mg of cadmium sulfate will lead to death. Lead poisoning can lead to anemia and insanity. Hexavalent chromium is very toxic, which can cause skin ulcers and cause cancer. Drinking arsenic-containing water can cause acute or chronic poisoning. Arsenic inhibits or inactivates many enzymes, leading to metabolic disorders, skin keratinization and skin cancer. Organophosphorus pesticides can cause neurotoxicity, while organochlorine pesticides can accumulate in fat, which is harmful to endocrine, immune and reproductive functions of human beings and animals. Most polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are carcinogenic. Cyanide is also a highly toxic substance. After entering the blood, it combines with the pigment oxidase of cells, which interrupts breathing and causes respiratory failure, suffocation and death.
80% of the diseases in the world are related to water. Typhoid fever, cholera, gastroenteritis, dysentery and infectious liver disease are the five major diseases of human beings, all of which are caused by unclean water.
The harm of air pollution to human body is mainly manifested in respiratory diseases.
Effects of various air pollutants on human body;
Smoke from burning coal
Cause bronchitis, etc. If soot is accompanied by various industrial dusts (such as metal particles), it can cause pneumoconiosis and other corresponding diseases.
Sulfuric acid smoke
It has a strong stimulating and damaging effect on skin, conjunctiva, nasal mucosa and throat. Severe cases such as gastric perforation, vocal cord edema, stenosis, heart failure or stomach irritation are life-threatening.
lead to
When it is slightly higher than the allowable depth of air pollution, it can cause chronic poisoning symptoms such as red blood cells, and high concentration can cause strong acute poisoning symptoms.
sulphur dioxide
When the concentration is 1-5ppm, it can smell, and long-term inhalation of 5ppm can cause cardiopulmonary diseases such as palpitation and dyspnea. In severe cases, it can cause reflex vocal cord spasm, laryngeal edema and even suffocation.
nitric oxide
Mainly refers to nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide, the characteristic of poisoning is that it acts on the deep respiratory tract, and in severe cases it can reach pulmonary gangrene; It is harmful to mucosa, nervous system and hematopoietic system, and suffocation may occur when inhaled with high concentration of nitric oxide.
carbon monoxide
The affinity for hemoglobin in blood is 2 10 times greater than that of oxygen, which can cause severe hypoxia symptoms, that is, gas poisoning. About 100ppm can make people feel headache and fatigue.
ozone
Its influence is more complicated, ranging from low vital capacity to bronchitis.
hydrogen sulfide
Inhalation of 100ppm for 2- 15 minutes can cause olfactory fatigue, and high concentration can cause systemic injury and death.
cyanide
Mild poisoning has symptoms of mucosal irritation, which can make people faint gradually in severe cases. Although they have straight spasms, their blood pressure drops, and they will soon have breathing disorders and die. The sequelae of cyanide poisoning include headache, aphasia and epilepsy. Cyanide vapor can cause acute conjunctival congestion and asthma.
fluoride
It can invade the human body from respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract or skin, mainly damaging bones, hematopoiesis, nervous system, teeth and skin mucosa. Severe cases may die of respiratory paralysis and collapse.
chlorine
The toxic effect on human body is mainly through respiratory tract and skin mucosa. When the concentration of chlorine in the air reaches 0.04 ~ 0.06 mg/L, it can cause serious poisoning in 30 ~ 60 minutes. If the chlorine concentration in the air reaches 3 mg/L, it will cause chemical burns to the lungs and die quickly.