Jade can be divided into nephrite and jadeite. Nephrite generally refers to white jade, sapphire, jasper and northeast jade produced in Xinjiang, and jadeite refers to jadeite produced in Myanmar. Whether nephrite or jadeite, their texture is very hard and their colors are very bright, so they are known as "the king in the stone". Jade is inherently valuable, and it has become priceless after being processed and carved by skilled craftsmen. With the development of the times, jade has gradually formed a jade culture.
[Edit this paragraph] History of jade culture development
China ancestors chose beautiful stone to grind jade, which was first found in a pair of white jade blocks at Xinglongwa Culture site in Chahai, Inner Mongolia 2000 years ago, indicating the germination and establishment of jade industry in China in the late Paleolithic period about 1 10,000 years ago.
In China, jade has a history of more than 5,000 years since the Paleolithic Age.
History, which records the changes of human life and society, is many years earlier than gold, silver, copper and iron. From Paleolithic Age to slave society and feudal society, wearing jade represents people's social status. From grinding jade to exquisite jade carving works, jade has developed with the development of society, and jade culture has become more and more abundant-Yulong and Jade Bi in Neolithic Age, Jade Knife and Jade Brother in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Sword ornaments and hooks in Spring and Autumn Period, Ruishou in Han Dynasty, Flower and Bird Hairpins in Tang and Song Dynasties, and large-scale jade carvings in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Especially in the Qing Dynasty, the carving art reached the peak of China jade carving history. It is worth mentioning that Yu Pei, made by Lu Zigang, a craftsman in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, pioneered the illustrations, novel composition and exquisite craftsmanship of Yu Pei ornaments, and is still revered today, commonly known as "Zigangpei". It adds more gorgeous colors to jade culture.
Meiyu is our favorite in the East. Orientals often use jade to compare people's virtue, while Confucianism emphasizes that "a gentleman must wear jade" and "jade goes away without reason".
Data unearthed in China prove that there were jade articles in the early Neolithic period. A small number of jade beads, jade tubes and jade jun were found in the Neolithic cultural site in Hemudu, Zhejiang Province. But the origin of jade in China should be earlier than this. Jade was born out of the matrix of stone tools, far beyond the stone tools. At first, it was just a small jade block drilling a hole to hang ornaments, or grinding it into jade weapons or tools like grinding stone tools. In the late Neolithic period, jade articles were only carved or polished products, which were large and complicated in shape and could be regarded as handicrafts. In the Neolithic age, grinding stone tools was the main symbol, so was the technology of processing jade stone tools. Stone-making technology has developed from beating to grinding for thousands of years, and jade-making technology has also gone through the same process. The two may be exactly the same in technology and tools, but jade has other requirements besides practicality, so the technical requirements are more complicated than making stone tools. Jade not only requires higher smoothness than stone tools, but also can carve various patterns, which is out of people's aesthetic needs and is a non-practical artistic decoration. This is rare on stone tools.
Production tools and weapons such as Yufu, Jade shovel, Jade knife and Jade Ge are of practical value in Neolithic jade, and jade rings, jade balls, jade bracelets, jade yellow, jade jun, jade beads and jade tubes are used as decorations. Jade articles in this period are simple and plain, with different thicknesses and irregular shapes. In the later period, jade gradually separated from stone tools and embarked on the process of independent development in technology and art, which laid a social and technical foundation for the development and perfection of jade crafts in later generations.
With the use of bronzes or the combination of stone and stone, the production tools have been greatly improved, the social productivity has been improved, and the proliferation and accumulation of material wealth have promoted the formation of classes and the emergence of countries. The history of Xia Dynasty, the first slave country in China, has not been fully revealed and needs further study. So the jade is still unknown, so we have to pay temporarily.
Slavery in Shang Dynasty was extremely developed, and slaves had been put into all fields of social production and life. With the development of agriculture, there is a fine division of labor within the handicraft industry, and the jade-making process is separated from the stone making and becomes an independent handicraft department. At the same time, slaves of Shang Dynasty created splendid bronze culture. The application of bronze tools in jade-making technology has greatly improved jade-making technology, and jade-making tools have gradually replaced stone tools with bronze.
Jade articles in Yin and Shang Dynasties obviously evolved from jade articles in primitive society. In the early Shang Dynasty, Erlitou culture produced jade, moon, shovel, GUI, Yan, knife, yellow and other vessel-shaped jade articles, which reached a very high level in modeling, carving, drilling and polishing. In Yin Ruins, figures, animals, gods, spirits and other jade carvings have greatly increased, the technological level has improved, many new breakthroughs have been made, and many exquisite works have been created. At this time, jade articles have been used for enjoyment, mostly as handicrafts. More than half of the 755 jades unearthed from the Muhao Tomb in Yin Ruins are decorative jades, exceeding the sum of ritual vessels, ceremonies, tools and miscellaneous items. This shows that Shangyu's social function has changed greatly.
There are many kinds of jade in Yin Ruins, which can be roughly divided into seven categories according to their shapes and uses: ritual vessels, ritual vessels, tools, utensils, decorations, works of art and miscellaneous items. The ritual vessels used are scallion, tuanling, GUI, Bi, Huan, Jun, Gui and Pan. For ceremonial purposes, there are knives, spears, implements, cymbals and knives. There are axes, chisels, hoes, saws, knives, spinning wheels, shovels, sickles and so on. Daily use includes mortar, pestle, comb, ear spoon, dagger, silk bag, etc. The number of decorations is the largest, including wearing ornaments, ornaments, rings, pendants, beads and so on. There are few works of art, and 1 Yulong, 2 Jade Tiger and 1 Strange Bird in Muhao Tomb are all excellent works of art.. Miscellaneous utensils include jade chain and jade retort.
Jade carving is one of the important handicrafts in Yin Dynasty. Judging from the modeling design and artistic style of jade in Yin Ruins, its achievements are no less than those of bronzes in Yin Dynasty. However, in the past, due to the lack of information, people focused on bronze culture, and little research was done on jade carving art which interacted with it. Jade in Yin Ruins is an integral part of China's ancient cultural heritage, which fully embodies the high wisdom and creative ability of the vast number of jade carving artists in Yin Dynasty. The discovery of these jade articles not only enables us to fully understand the jade carving art of the Yin Dynasty, but also has important reference value for studying the history of jade carving in China and the social, economic and cultural problems of the Yin Dynasty.
Zhou dynasty was a powerful slave country after Shang dynasty, with developed agriculture and handicraft industry. The rulers of the Zhou Dynasty paid attention to summing up the lessons of the subjugation of the Shang Dynasty, rectifying various systems and measures of the slave society, and making them orderly and standardized, so as to maintain and consolidate their own rule. As far as jade is concerned, because Zhou Li, an important law in Zhou Dynasty, endowed jade with the ideal and connotation of virtue, Zhou Yu left the development track of jade wares in Yin Dynasty and developed in the direction of ritual jade, which opened up a new era of moralization, religiousization and politicization of jade and laid a theoretical foundation for the study of ancient jade in Zhou Li in later generations.
In the Zhou dynasty, the wind of valuing jade was extremely strong. Jade is used for sacrifices, and bronze is used for banquets. Because of the secularization and moralization of jade, everyone has worn jade since the emperor. The scope of jade in Zhou Dynasty, the importance attached to jade, the requirements of selecting jade and the technology of making jade were all improved compared with before. In the Zhou Dynasty, jade carving technology and modeling design were constantly improved, and the utensils were carefully trimmed and polished to make them more beautiful. In terms of workmanship, in addition to inheriting the double hook line of Shang Dynasty, there are rough slope lines, which are often made into the outer contours of eyes, ears, mouth, body and tail, making the shape clear, concise and powerful; The details mostly use negative lines or parallel negative lines, and emphasize the contrast and change of its thickness and flatness on the grinding plane, which reduces the ups and downs of the body. This is the characteristic of jade articles in the Western Zhou Dynasty.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, which lasted for more than 500 years, ironware was widely used in production, which greatly promoted the development of productive forces and affected the reform of social system. This period, in essence, is a period of great social change in which backward slavery collapsed and advanced feudal system gestated and grew. Several political and economic centers coexist, and a brand-new situation of "a hundred schools of thought contend" has appeared in the cultural and academic fields. Qin, Jin, Yan, Qi, Chu, Wu, Yue, Bashu and other local cultures compete with each other and prosper together, laying a solid foundation for the growth of the unified culture of the Chinese nation. The unearthed jade also reflects this historical fact. The handicraft industry of jade took a turning point in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the production of jade was exquisite and extraordinary, which wrote a glorious page in the history of ancient jade.
As far as its social form is concerned, the Spring and Autumn Period is a transitional period, which is also reflected in the jade craft. It still inherits the decorative patterns of dragons and phoenixes or imaginary deformed animals on bronzes in the Western Zhou Dynasty, but it has a brand-new and meticulous carving style. In the Warring States period, the proportion of animal themes on jade articles increased, and the skills were exquisite, which profoundly and vividly showed the fierce character and sense of alertness of carnivores.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the admonition that "a gentleman is better than jade" and "a gentleman doesn't go without a reason" was cherished, so all kinds of jade prevailed at that time. This social custom has a certain influence on the development of jade crafts, that is, the simplification and miniaturization of jade ornaments, and the advent of jade articles such as swords and belts. Jade for sword first appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period and prevailed in the Warring States and Han Dynasties. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, jade articles are common, such as cong, yellow, bi, bracelets, rings, sword ornaments and ornaments, among which jade bi and dragon ornaments are the most common. In addition, there are jade belt hooks, jade seals and various buried jade.
Qin destroyed the six countries and established an unprecedented powerful centralized feudal empire. Korea inherited the Qin system, implemented various policies to recuperate, developed production, and consolidated and developed a unified and powerful feudal country. The jades unearthed in this period are huge, bold in carving, various in variety and exquisite in skill. At this time, the ruling class used jade more widely in social etiquette and daily life, and gradually formed a brand-new style of the times. Jade in Han Dynasty is a great breakthrough in jade carving art in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, which is famous for its exquisiteness, and has a great influence on jade in later generations.
The Western Han Dynasty inherited the characteristics of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the changes were not too great. Due to the convenient transportation in the Eastern Han Dynasty, nephrite from Xinjiang flowed into the Central Plains, and jade carving was further developed. In addition to jade jade, jade ring, chicken heart, sword, hook and jade cicada, there are a large number of "ritual vessels" and various containers, ornamental objects, as well as a large number of vessel shapes used to ward off evil spirits and dislike victory. Moreover, the shapes and decorations of various vessels are full of myth and mystery.
Due to the influence of the thin burial in troubled times during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, few jades were unearthed, so its development is not clear. Judging from the jade articles unearthed sporadically, such as jade retort, jade bi and jade belt hook, it has changed little since the Han Dynasty, and it is almost difficult to identify them. Some of its carvings are fine, some are extensive, and the jade quality is not as bright as that of the Han Dynasty.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Chang 'an became an international city with prosperous economy, developed culture and close foreign contacts. At this time, handicrafts are extremely prosperous, and handicrafts are also important commodities in foreign trade. However, few jade articles were unearthed in this period, and only several kinds of jade cups, jade ornaments, jade buckles, jade belts, jade girls and jade carvings are known. The styles of jade articles and utensils in Tang Dynasty are different from those in Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. There are a lot of flowers and birds and figures, and the utensils are rich in life. The increase of cups and bowls with practical value indicates the emergence of new ornaments and jade belt ornaments of official rank.
Jade articles in Song Dynasty, Liao Dynasty, Xixia, Jin Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty were all developed on the basis of Tang Dynasty. Since the Song Dynasty, practical jade and decorative jade have occupied an important position in society and spread widely. Compared with ritual artifacts, they are called "playthings" and their polishing level is also very high. Due to the influence of the north-south regime and different national cultures, jade articles reflect national and local characteristics. Jade in Song Dynasty, with dragon and phoenix as auspicious patterns, was influenced by meticulous painting and attached great importance to expression. In Song Dynasty, not only industry and commerce flourished, Taoism prevailed and Neo-Confucianism flooded, but also jade carvings were influenced. Jade carvings with the theme of tortoise, crane and dragon and phoenix are the reflection of these social thoughts at that time. The jade articles of Xixia, Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties are mainly decorated with flowers and birds, tigers, deer and fish, and there are many ornaments and inserts. Practical products include cups, washing products, plates and so on. Handicrafts with birds, fish and animals as themes have increased, and grinding jade has integrated into the national survival consciousness and local feelings.
In the Ming Dynasty, the productive forces developed greatly, the urban handicraft industry and commerce flourished, and the jade manufacturing industry was also quite developed. At this time, the trend of jade carving is further secularization. Neo-Confucianism flooded in the Ming Dynasty, and Taoism and folk beliefs were deeply rooted in people's hearts. People demand social stability and pray for God's blessing in order to achieve the prosperity of this world. This social requirement is reflected in the technical field, that is, auspicious patterns are very popular. The auspicious patterns of jade articles in the Ming Dynasty include immortals such as the Eight Immortals and Samsung, figures such as longevity and happiness, animals and plants such as peaches, ganoderma lucidum, plums, bamboos, orchids, deer, cranes and mandarin ducks, and birds and animals such as dragons, phoenixes, tigers and horns. Auspicious patterns sometimes become theme patterns and sometimes are decorated, showing the extensiveness and depth of auspicious patterns.
In the Ming Dynasty, due to the prevalence of drinking tea, jade pot cups appeared and increased day by day. This kind of jade carving is the most modern. At the same time, following the Song Dynasty, the wind of antique art in Ming Dynasty gradually formed, which affected the prosperity of antique jade in jade production. Antique jade originated in Song Dynasty and prevailed in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is mainly transformed from bronzes and ancient jade.
Calligraphy and painting in Ming Dynasty further influenced the development and improvement of arts and crafts. At this time, the jade craft was more or less influenced by literati painting, grinding freehand brushwork landscapes and poems. This kind of jade, which embodies the literati's interest, was not available in the previous generation. The relationship between jade and social and cultural life is getting closer and closer. Scholars often use jade stationery or jade as decoration when painting and writing in their study.
In order to consolidate its feudal rule, the Ming rulers followed the old system and used jade to mark the aristocratic rank. Different from the previous generation, the number of jade belts tied to official uniforms increased, and the leather belts of emperors, princes, princes, Xu horses and yipin Wenwu Baiguan were all decorated with jade plates.
Jade carving in Ming dynasty has the style of the times, rough and powerful knife work, and very fine carving "three-layer through carving method" Beijing, Suzhou and Yangzhou were the three centers of jade carving at that time. Song Dynasty's "Heavenly Creations" said: "Although good workers gather in the capital, they skillfully push Su County." Suzhou jade carving technology was pushed to the top of the country at that time, which made a historic contribution to the development and improvement of jade carving technology in Ming Dynasty. After the mid-Ming Dynasty, jade carving techniques developed rapidly, and many jade carving masters appeared, among which Lu Zigang was the most famous, and the jade he carved was called "Zigang Jade". However, in the last polishing and fine grinding process of Yu Zhuo in Ming Dynasty, there was a phenomenon of "seeking shape without effort".
Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of feudal society in China, which made great contributions to the formation and consolidation of a multi-ethnic unified country. Under this historical background, jade has developed unprecedentedly, forming the highest peak in the history of ancient jade in China. Its beauty, workmanship, output and wide application are incomparable to jade in any dynasty in history.
During the hundred years from the early Qing Dynasty to the twenty-four years of Qianlong, due to the difficulty in obtaining jade materials, the production and development of jade articles in the Qing Dynasty were very slow, and the workmanship of jade articles in this period was similar to that in the late Ming Dynasty. Jade articles in Qianlong period grew and developed on this basis. From the twenty-five years of Qianlong, it entered its heyday, and after half a century, it turned into a low tide and even declined. With the fall of Qing Dynasty, the history of ancient jade in China came to an end.
Jade in Qianlong period is the representative of jade in Qing dynasty. Besides imitation jade, it can be divided into antique jade and fashionable jade. Antique jade, one is antique, that is, imitating the shape and pattern of Shang and Zhou bronzes; The other is imitation of Han jade. When making jade articles, their shapes are varied, and their patterns and workmanship are extremely colorful. The rise of imitation jade in Doustin began after local officials in Xinjiang collected Dustan jade and paid tribute to the court, which was appreciated by Emperor Qianlong and issued a will. Handustan jade, also known as Indian jade and Mughal jade in the west, has the shape and pattern of Arabic style. Characterized by "water mill", strong polishing, and the utensils are as thin as paper. Among the imperial poems of Emperor Qianlong, there are dozens of articles praising dushan jade's exquisite craftsmanship.
The level of jade carving reached its peak in Qianlong period, far exceeding that in Yuan and Ming dynasties. Skillful craftsmen in this era inherited and used the excellent heritage of jade carving skills in previous dynasties, and drew lessons from the achievements in painting, sculpture, technology and foreign influences to create and develop jade art with distinctive characteristics of the times. Because the texture of jade has always been valued in the national history of our country, there has always been a saying that jade has five virtues, nine virtues and even eleven virtues. Although these statements come from Confucianism, they are actually people's intuitive feelings of observing jade, which are linked with social morality and become the spiritual pillar and traditional strength of jade development. In the Qianlong period, this tendency had a greater development, and large pieces of jade were ground into various simple and exquisite objects that could express the beauty of jade. This kind of jade with rich furnishings is not available in the previous generation, and it can't be said that it is the result of Manchu rulers and contemporary jade craftsmen fully carrying forward the traditional view of jade materials. In a word, the jade workers in Qianlong era accomplished the important task of integrating historical heritage and pioneering and innovating, polished a variety of excellent works, and made indelible contributions to the development of ancient jade in China.
Looking at the evolution of ancient jade articles in China and the achievements made in different periods, we can see that China jade articles have a long history, a wide range of uses, various forms, brilliant texture, exquisite polishing, unique style and distinctive national characteristics, and are unique in the field of jade arts and crafts in the world, which fully shows the wisdom and creativity of the working people in ancient China. As an important part of the history of ancient jade in China, ancient jade handed down from ancient times is also a precious heritage and artistic treasure in the cultural treasure house of our Chinese nation. Like a pearl, it always shines brightly, shining in the vast distance of the flourishing modern jade craft.
[Edit this paragraph] Maintenance and cleaning of jade articles
1. Avoid collision with hard objects. Jade pieces are easy to crack after collision. Sometimes, although the cracks are invisible to the naked eye, there are dark cracks on the jade surface, which greatly damages its perfection and economic value.
2. Jade articles should avoid sun exposure. Prevent the texture and color of jade from being affected.
3. Avoid chemicals, which will cause certain damage to jade, such as various detergents, soaps, pesticides, cosmetics, perfumes, hairdressing agents, etc. If you accidentally touch it, wipe it clean in time to avoid damage to jade.
4. Avoid dust and oil pollution as much as possible. If dirt or oil stains are attached to the surface of jade, it should be scrubbed with light soapy water first, and then rinsed with clear water. Chemical degreasing agent cannot be used.
5. The newly bought jade should also be soaked in clear water for several hours, cleaned with a soft brush (toothbrush), and then dried with a clean cotton cloth before wearing.
6. It is best to wipe the pendant with a clean and soft white cloth, and it is not advisable to use dyed cloth or fibrous hard cloth, which will help to maintain and maintain the original quality.
7. Clean regularly. Jade articles are usually cleaned once in a while.
8. Yu Pei and other hanging ornaments should always check the tether to prevent the beloved treasure from being lost or damaged.
[Edit this paragraph] China's "Four Famous Jade"
Generally speaking, the "four famous jade" in China refers to Hetian jade produced in Xinjiang, xiuyan jade in Liaoning, dushan jade in Nanyang, Henan and turquoise produced in Yunxian, Hubei.
(1) Hetian jade is mainly distributed in shache-Tashkurgan, Hetian-Hetian jade and the northern slope of Kunlun Mountain, which stretches for 1.500 km in Qiemo County, Xinjiang, with 9 producing areas. Hetian jade is mainly tremolite-actinolite, and contains a small amount of diopside, serpentine, graphite, magnets and other minerals, forming white, turquoise, black, yellow and other different colors, mostly monochromatic jade, with a few variegated colors. Jade is translucent, greasy and shiny after polishing, and its hardness is between 5.5 and 6.5 degrees. Hetian jade is sandwiched between rocks at an altitude of 3500 meters to 5000 meters. After a long period of weathering, it was stripped into pieces of different sizes, collapsed on the hillside, and then washed by rain and flowed into the river. When the river dries up in autumn, the jade pieces collected in the river bed are called seed jade, and those mined in the rock stratum are called mountain materials. The earliest Hetian jade has been found from Fu Hao's tomb in Yin Ruins. After the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Hetian jade gradually became the main jade material, and it was not until the Qing Dynasty that the mountain material was mined. Yushan, carved during the reign of Qing Qianlong, weighs 10700 Jin, which is taken from Maitreya Mountain.
The economic value of Hetian jade is evaluated according to the purity of color and texture. Its main varieties are:
White jade: It contains more than 95% tremolite, with white color, pure texture and delicate luster. It is a high-quality variety of Hetian jade. During the prosperous period of jade-making in Han, Song and Qing dynasties, great attention was paid to the selection of materials, and high-quality white jade was often carved into "heavy objects".
Sheep fat white jade: the top grade of white jade, pure and delicate in texture, containing tremolite as high as 99%, and its white color is as delicate as jelly. The economic value of jade with the same weight is several times that of white jade. Sheep fat white jade was highly respected in Han Dynasty, Song Dynasty and Qing Qianlong period.
Blue white jade: There is no obvious difference in texture from white jade, but the jade color is pale turquoise, which is the third-class jade material in Hetian jade, and its economic value is slightly lower than that of white jade.
Sapphire: It is called sapphire when its color is light blue, turquoise and gray. Uniform color, fine texture, tremolite 89%, actinolite 6%, oily, rich in reserves. It is the main variety of jade collected or mined in past dynasties.
Topaz: The matrix is white jade, which is yellow in cracks due to the long-term infiltration of iron oxide in surface water. According to the color change, it is named as: dense wax yellow, chestnut color, okra yellow, yellow flower yellow, egg yolk, etc. Close wax yellow and chestnut color are extremely rare, and their economic value can reach sheep fat white jade. In the Qing Dynasty, topaz homophoned "emperor", which was extremely rare, and its economic value once exceeded that of white jade with sheep fat.
Tang Yu: Iron oxide permeates tremolite to form different shades of red skin, with deep red as "Tang Yu" and "Tiger Jade" and white with pink as "Pink Jade". Sugar jade often forms a two-color jade material with white jade or plain jade, which can be used to make "pretty jade". The snuff bottle made of sugar jade shell seed material is called "gold-coated silver", which should be able to add value.
Jet: Tremolite containing graphite and magnets is black. The jet is mostly gray or gray ink jade with black stripes, hence the name "dark clouds, light ink, golden sable whiskers, beauty temples, etc." . Pure lacquer ink with dense black spots is more valuable than other jet varieties. Jet has a waxy luster, which is not suitable for carving patterns because of uneven color. It is mostly used to make utensils inlaid with gold and silver thread.
Jasper: produced in Junggar jade mine, also known as Tianshan Jasper. It is grayish green, dark green and dark green, with pure dark green as the top grade. The quality of black spots, black spots or jade tendons is one grade worse. Jasper contains more than 85% tremolite, with delicate texture, translucency and oily luster, belonging to mid-range jade.
(2) xiuyan jade, produced in Xiuyan, Liaoning, China, is a place with beautiful scenery, rich products and rich atmosphere. After thousands of years of natural evolution, it has condensed the essence of thousands of years of mountains and rivers, thus producing a world-famous national treasure-xiuyan jade.
Jade is one of the four famous jade in China, which can be roughly divided into two categories. One is the old jade (also called Hemo jade), which is a precious rough jade with simple texture, dignified and dark green color. The other is nephrite, which is solid and moist, delicate and round, mostly green, of which pure white and golden are rare treasures.
Jade is produced in the rich context of the earth, and has absorbed the essence of heaven and earth and the aura of nature in the course of thousands of years, so it has great feng shui value besides collection value.
Because modern human beings live in buildings, the reinforced concrete of modern buildings separates the breath of nature from the magnetic field, which makes the distance between human beings and nature farther and farther. If a beautiful jade can be placed at home, it can not only play a pleasing ornamental value, but also bring natural atmosphere to the home, supplement the indoor natural magnetic field and adjust the indoor feng shui climate.
"Righteousness exists in memory, and evil cannot be done." There are beautiful jade in the house, and evil spirits are inviolable. Wearing a beautiful jade will increase a natural force.
According to western astrologers, green is the main artery of modern social economy, so natural green will inevitably promote your career and fortune. Among them, green jade is dignified and profound, which is very beneficial to people with successful careers, because it can help you precipitate wealth, gather financial resources and make your career stable and solid. Therefore, collecting a few old jade articles and putting them at home or in the office will definitely make your career satisfactory. Nephrite, because of its green color, mellow and harmonious, is very conducive to the development and application of financial resources, and can be sent and received freely. Not only that, because of its gentle and beautiful texture, it can make people around pay attention to harmony, make money with harmony, improve interpersonal relationships and promote a better family. Therefore, it is a valuable asset for people who have a successful career and those who are starting a business. Whether it is placed at home or in the office, it can not only open up financial resources, but also play a positive role in promoting career and luck.
Jade is mostly green, so in addition to the above functions, it is of great significance to people who like the five elements of numerology. If I put the jade at home or in the office, or wear it myself, it will bring me good luck. If you can like it from the heart and get close to it from the heart, in the long run, it will be closely connected with Meiyu's heart, and your fate will change from now on.
(3) dushan jade, also known as "Nanyang Jade" or "Nanyu Jade", is produced in Dushan in the north of Nanyang City. It is one of the four famous jade in China. Dushan jade is hard and dense, delicate and soft, with transparent luster and various colors. There are six kinds of pigments, including green, white, yellow, purple, red and white, and 77 kinds of colors, which are the first-class raw materials for jade carving.
Dushan jade carving has a long history. 1959 The jade shovel produced in the Neolithic site of Huangshan Mountain near Dushan proves that our ancestors knew and used dushan jade as early as 5,000 years ago. The site of Yujie Temple at the foot of Dushan Mountain is the place where jade carvings were made in Han Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty's "Newly Built Nanyang County Records" records: "The residents in the north of the old county made a living by managing jade articles." In old China and Nanyang, jade carving has formed a big industry. There are more than 80 workshops in the city, most of which are located in the back, with shops in front, selling their own carvings. Jade carving products mainly include figures, flowers, birds and beasts, landscapes, statues, furnace smoke, jewelry and so on 120 varieties. Jade carving alone is crystal clear and exquisite, and it is a famous product in Nanyang.
(4) Turquoise, also known as emerald, is named after its color and green pine cone shape, and is one of the rare gems in the world. Turquoise products have now become an important collection and a secondary mineral. It is formed by leaching groundwater containing copper, aluminum and phosphorus in early granite, and precipitates in veins near the surface to form nodules, which are wrapped by the matrix of dikes. Turquoise is the earliest mineral variety used as decoration. /kloc-in 0/900, four bracelets inlaid with turquoise and gold were unearthed in an ancient tomb in Egypt.
As ornaments, people like the green and texture of turquoise. In ancient times, people associated it with religion and superstition. China and Tibet especially admire turquoise, and it is still a sacred decorative object in religious ceremonies. American Indians believe that turquoise is the spirit of the sea and the blue sky and a symbol of divine power. Most ancient civilizations advocated turquoise, such as Egypt, Persia, Aztec (ancient Mexican Indian country) and so on. Turquoise has different colors due to different elements. Copper-containing oxides are blue and iron-containing oxides are green. Color is an important factor affecting the quality of turquoise. Turquoise is mainly produced in the southern States of the United States, northeastern Iran and Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. China, Australia, Chile, Afghanistan and Russia also produce a small amount of turquoise, but at present, the largest turquoise gem in the world is produced in Yungai Mountain, Yunxian County, Hubei Province, with an altitude of 1200m or above. This turquoise is 82 cm long, 29 cm high, 29 cm wide and weighs 66 kg. Green and green, complete structure, delicate texture.
Yunyang county, Hubei province is known as the hometown of oriental jadeite. Turquoise is rich in pure materials, bright and dazzling, and its colors are mostly sky blue, green, gray blue and pink green, which is extremely rare. The turquoise produced by Yungaishan turquoise mine in Yunxian County has the best grade and is the most precious. The largest piece of turquoise is now in Yunyang turquoise development company in Hubei Province, and needs to be carved into precious works of art. ..