In December of the fifth year of Chongzhen, I lived in the West Lake. It snowed for many days, and the noise of pedestrians and birds in the lake disappeared. It's the third day. With the boat and the clothes and fire, I went to the lake pavilion to see the snow alone. Haze ⑥, the sky, clouds, mountains and rivers and water are all white. The shadow on the lake is only the trace of a long bank. There is a small pavilion in the middle of the lake, a mustard and Yu Zhou, and there are only two or three people on board.
In the pavilion in the middle of the lake, I saw two people laying blankets and a child cooking a wine stove. Seeing it, I was overjoyed and said, "There is no such person in the lake!" " Pull me together and drink with me. Yu Qiang said goodbye to three white people and asked his last name. He is from Jinling and a guest here. When he got off the boat, Zhou Zi murmured, "Don't call Xianggong stupid, but call him stupid."
② Five years of Chongzhen: A.D. 1632. The year numbers of Zhu Youjian are Chongzhen and Mingsizong (1628- 1644).
③ It's relatively certain: after the first shift, around 8 pm. Duo: In the past, there were five classes in one night, each class lasted about 2 hours.
(4) "radial" and punting. A "publishing house".
⑤ Embracing clothes fire: wear a leather sweater and take a boat with a stove. Clothes made of fur. Fine hairs of birds and animals.
⑥ Rime: Describe the chill on a snowy night. Fog pine, clouds, water vapor; Fog is cloud gas covering the lake from the sky, and it is water vapor evaporated from the lake; . Hey hey hey.
⑦ One white: All white.
8 Why are there such people? It means that there will be such a person unexpectedly.
9 Dabai: Bai: The wine glass used by the ancients to punish wine, which refers to the wine glass here.
Guest of honor here: Stay here.
Attending ①: boatman: boatman.
⑩ ② "xianggong": an old courtesy title for a scholar.
Nan: Onomatopoeia
Mustard: mustard
Dam: a waterproof building along a river or coast.
Ling: Describe the flood.
[Edit this paragraph] Translation
In December of the fifth year of Chongzhen (AD 1632), he lived in the West Lake. After three days of heavy snow, the voices of pedestrians and birds in the lake disappeared. After the first shift of the day (around 8: 00 pm), I wore a leather coat and lit a stove, and I drove a boat to the lake pavilion to see the snow alone. The lake is filled with ice flowers, and the sky, clouds, mountains and water are integrated into one, making it all white. There are relatively clear shadows on the lake, only the traces of the West Lake long embankment looming in the snow, a little outline of the pavilion in the middle of the lake, and two or three figures on my boat.
In the pavilion, two people sat opposite each other with blankets. A boy is cooking wine, and the water in the wine stove is boiling. When they saw me, they were very happy and said, "How can we meet people like you in the lake!" " "Take me to drink with you. I drank three large glasses and said goodbye to them. Ask them what their surnames are and learn that they are from Jinling and live here. When getting off the boat, the boatman said in a low voice, "Don't say" xianggong "that you are obsessed with this snow scene. There are others who are as obsessed with this snow scene as you are! "
[Edit this paragraph] Appreciate
This article is a masterpiece of Zhang Dai's sketches. By recalling an experience of boating and watching snow in the West Lake, the author showed his seclusion and expressed his deep attachment and sentimental feelings. It snowed heavily for three days in the dead of night, and the author went by boat alone. I met a guest unexpectedly in the pavilion, and the three of them exchanged names before leaving. Zhou Zi mumbled and fell in love with three people, but I didn't know that these three people were just temperamental people. The most striking feature of this paper is its concise writing, which is less than 200 words, but it integrates narrative, scenery and lyricism. What is particularly amazing is that the author's skill in tempering quantifiers, the combination of "one mark", "one point", "one mustard" and "two or three grains" actually conveys an eternal and vast realm, even a silent atmosphere, which is amazing. The author makes good use of contrast techniques, big and small, cold and hot, loneliness and bosom friend, and the contrast is sharp, which strongly expresses his deep feelings about life and lingering thoughts about his old country.
[Edit this paragraph] Author introduction
Zhang Dai (1597- 1679), also known as Weicheng, was born in Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) and his ancestral home was in Hangzhou. Zhang Dai was an essayist, historian and tea expert in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.
Zhang Dai was born in the family of benevolent officials in past dynasties. In his early years, he roamed Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Anhui and other provinces with rich experience. After three generations' accumulation, his family collected a lot of historical materials of the Ming Dynasty and read a lot. From the age of 32, he will write the biographical history of the Ming Dynasty with family information. After the death of the Ming dynasty, I went into the mountains and poor books.
Zhang Dai has a wide range of interests. He usually pays attention to all kinds of people, trends, people's lives, customs and habits, as well as diet, fruits and vegetables. These are often disdained by authentic literati in the old days, but he has the interest and courage to appreciate and record. He wrote an "epitaph for himself", very frankly admitted that he was not a "servant, and loved wealth", and called himself a "prostitute and an orange abuser".
Zhang Dai paid attention to tea tasting, among which the section of "Fujian Laozi Tea" in "The Legacy of Tao An Meng" was extremely vivid: Yu Yue said, "The fragrance is simple and the taste is very strong. This is spring tea! It is the autumn harvest that counts on you. " Wen Shui said with a smile, "At seventy, no one is like a connoisseur." So I decided to pay. Zhang Dai deserves to be an expert in distinguishing tea.
Zhang Dai is good at tasting tea. He has also carefully transformed Japanese tea in his hometown and created a kind of "Lan Xue tea". "Casting snow buds that day" has been listed as a tribute in the Song Dynasty, and it has the reputation of "Yuezhou casting tea that day is the first in the south of the Yangtze River". However, in the Ming Dynasty, due to the exquisite production method of Xiuning pineapple tea, it became famous for a while, and it was eclipsed for a while, making it beautiful in Japan. Zhang Dai "attracts people to the sun", just like making pineapple, by digging, moving, scattering, fanning, frying, roasting and hiding. Then he explored the spring water and found that "when he poured the spring water, the fragrance didn't come out." He boiled spring water and put it in a small pot. The smell was too strong and it was mixed with jasmine. After repeated contests, he put it in an open porcelain jar and waited for it to cool. He washed it with boiling soup, the color is like a bamboo basket, and the green powder is evenly distributed at the beginning, like the beginning of a mountain window. Take a pure white princess, and it tends to be plain porcelain, just like a hundred stems of blue and snow. Xueya understood, but she didn't understand that the rest of the play was called Lan Xue. " (Meng Xuecha) Four or five years later, Lanxue tea became popular in the tea market. Shaoxing tea people changed their old habit of drinking pineapples, but it was not Lanxue tea that they did not drink. Later, even Songcha was renamed "Lan Xue". Lan Xue tea has this reputation, and the credit goes to Zhang Dai.
In the Ming Dynasty, Shaoxing had already opened several teahouses, one of which made tea, and paid special attention to the boiling water: "The spring is made of jade belt, the tea is made of Lan Xue, and the soup is cooked by spinning, so there is no soup stock, and the utensils are washed in time, and there are no organs. The soup is ready, and some people are with it. " Zhang Dai loved this teahouse very much and named it "Brother Lu", which means "Tea dew has a brother" in Mi Fei. He also wrote "Fighting Tea" for him: "Drinking tea addiction, ancient style, sharp grass and snow buds, which is claimed to be even more unique, especially for illegal cooking, has been dusty in Gezao, and no one appreciates it, resulting in feathers. If you choose a scenic spot, you can raise the Tang League again. Water symbols came from Yuquan, tea wars came to Lan Xue, melon seeds fried beans, no need to Ruicaoqiao, orange pomelo mountain nursery, Ba Ding Shui. It is never sweet, slippery, fragrant, clean or cold. Seven housework, no matter how much rice, oil, salt, sauce and vinegar there is, how can there be less in one day, and bamboo poles can be famous as well. I can't finish seven bowls, and I don't know the tea. A pot of dust is used to talk, and incense is burned on the couch in the morning. I am drunk. "
Zaoquan, a famous Shaoxing spring, which was once famous for its Tiger Running Spring and Hui Quan, was once unknown. Zhang Daizhong discovered it again. He described this process in the article "Spring in Spring":
Jia, castrated Bambusa bambusa, sipped water, phosphorus phosphorus has cinnamon pepper. It's different. Look at its color, such as autumn moon, frosty sky, white sky, and light haze coming out of the hole, dazzling and charming, vaguely. I saw calligraphy and painting in a hurry at the wellhead, and with a brush, the words came out. Calligraphy is as big as the right army. Benefit from differences. Try tea. It smells delicious. There are few fishstones in Xinji, so it will be used up after three days. There is no other way to tell the spring water apart from taking the water inlet, licking your tongue and upper jaw, and it will be empty after crossing your cheek. If there is no water to swallow, it will be spring. Good-hearted people will take it to make wine, or open a teahouse in the spring, or sell it in an urn and feed it to a company. Dong Fangbo kept crossing the river and drinking its water. He was willing to give it, but he was afraid of not giving it. He blocked the spring and became more and more famous.
Tea, tea theory and tea people are all described in Zhang Dai's collected works. Zhang Dai is a tea friend, and one of his tea friends will be in Luyungu, where "it's not a big storm, but a last resort, and he will come to my house every day to sip tea and burn incense, laughing and joking for thirteen years" and talk to him about "drinking white water" for weeks. His elder brother, Ji Di Shan Min, likes "Mi Dian Stone, Purple Electric Beads, Mulberry Tea, Dongpo Pork", and his elder brother, who fought for tea with him, "drives the Central Plains side by side, who lives or dies", are also "tea addicts".
Dai is still admiring that tea set. His younger brother, Shanmin, got a porcelain pot with ancient style. He played for a year, but it was Hu Ming: "Bathing in the sun and the moon is also its color, jade in the kiln is also its breath, and Qingshan is also its diet." There is also a mysterious tea bowl. Zhang Daiyou said, "At the beginning of autumn, under the green trees. Out of plain porcelain, have a quiet night. " There is also a teapot that has not been carved by the producer. Zhang Dai confirmed that it was written by Gong Chun, and specially wrote: "There are many famous ancient paintings. This pot looks like Gong Chun, and Dabin recognized it. Do you dare? "
[Edit this paragraph] Comments by famous experts
Qi Biaojia: There are, Zhang, and pen-making tools in chemical industry. His travels include Boao by Li Daoyuan, Spicy Life by Liu Tongren, Li Xi by Yuan Zhonglang and Humor by Wang Jizhong. One of them is an ethereal and glittering spirit, and there is nothing to find. A vivid portrayal of the West Lake, politics is in Adu. Preface to West Lake Dream
Zhang Dai: Tao An lost its home, and went into the mountains ... because I miss Yu's life, which is prosperous, beautiful and empty. For 50 years, I have a dream. ..... I occasionally draw one, such as wandering the old road, seeing an old friend and people in the city, and turning to complacency. It's true that you can't dream until you're an idiot. Preface to Tao An's Memories of Dreams
[Edit this paragraph] Text discussion
Overall grasp
Looking at the Lake Pavilion Snow is Zhang Dai's masterpiece, which comes from the memoir Tao An's Dream written after the demise of the Ming Dynasty. The nostalgia for the past of the old country, with shallow brushstrokes, seems to be seamless, but the author's mentality can be seen from it.
The article first explains the time, destination and weather conditions of seeing snow. The time is "December of the fifth year of Chongzhen", and the author also uses the chronology of the Ming Dynasty, which shows that the Ming Dynasty has never died in his mind. It snowed heavily in the West Lake for three days, and all voices and birds were heard. The vast snow scene made the world look cold and silent. The author chose to enjoy the snow at this time, which shows his mentality and distinctive taste at this time.
Then I described the concrete process of enjoying the snow. Early this morning, the author rowed a boat to the pavilion in the middle of the lake. The word "independence" fully shows the author's aristocratic feelings and unconventional lifestyle, but walking alone in the vast snowy night suddenly feels "a drop in the ocean" (Su Shi's Red Cliff Fu). At this time, the lake is filled with ice flowers, and the sky and clouds and mountains and water are in chaos. Only snow light can bring bright colors. What catches my eye is that "there is only one trace on the long embankment, a small pavilion in the middle of the lake, a mustard with Yu Zhou, and two or three people on board." A trace, a bit, a mustard, two or three grains, using line drawing techniques, is like a freehand landscape of Chinese painting. A few strokes contain many changes, such as length, point and line, square and circle, more and less, big and small, dynamic and static, condensation and simplicity, etc. People and nature together form an artistic picture with rich artistic conception. Distant and refined is the spirit of this painting, and it is also
Then, with a change of pen, the author described his adventures in the pavilion in the middle of the lake. It is a miracle to meet tourists here and now. Both of them are "overjoyed" and sigh, "How can there be such a person in the lake?" Every confidant has a thousand glasses of wine, and several people take a swig and say goodbye. "We are both unhappy-we meet each other forever. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " Bai Juyi's Pipa Tour! When the author writes "two people" and "exultation", he writes that he is exultant and "Yu Qiang drinks three whites", that is, two people drink freely, and intertextuality is used here, which changes the writing style. When he wrote "Ask his surname, he is from Jinling and a guest here", he explained his friend's situation in a hurry. On the one hand, this writing is because Zhang Dai is a man with temperament. What he cares most about is the emotional and spiritual communication between friends, and he doesn't care about secular issues such as identity and official position. On the other hand, it can truly reflect the emotional changes of the author's happiness and sadness. When asking about each other's identity, it is also a time to stay with each other. Fate is not easy to come together. It may be difficult to meet again at this moment. How can this not be regrettable! Finally, the author summed up the full text with Zhou Zi's words: "Don't say' xianggong' and' xianggong'!" Zhou Zi said that the author was "stupid", which reflected the layman's view, but isn't the word "stupid" the most accurate evaluation of Zhang Dai? He is obsessed with the harmony between man and nature and the elegance beyond the secular. The author quotes Zhou Zi's words to praise the word "crazy", and at the same time uses the joy of meeting a bosom friend at the ends of the earth to resolve the faint sadness in his heart.
The full-text style is elegant and smooth, seemingly natural and intriguing. The wonders of the West Lake show their charm because of the existence of the lake, and the scenery and writers set each other off.
Problem research
1. At the beginning of the article, it was said that "a person looks at the snow in the middle of the lake", and later it was written that "there are two or three people on board". In addition, the ship appeared at the end of the article. Is this a contradiction?
This is not the negligence of the author's writing, but intentional. In the author's view, all sentient beings, such as Zhou Zi, cannot interact with each other. Although it exists, it does not exist, which reflects his detachment as a scholar.
2. In writing, as a travel note, how does the author handle the relationship between scenery, narration and lyricism?
Narration is the clue of writing, which must be explained with frugal pen and ink. For example, in the article, "I lived in the West Lake in December of the fifth year of Chongzhen", "Tomorrow, I will take a boat, hold my clothes and fire, and go to the pavilion in the lake to see the snow alone", "Going to the pavilion" and "Getting off the boat" explain the author's travel notes.
Writing about the scenery is the focus of travel notes. We should grasp the characteristics of the scenery, show the most touching places of the scenery and be full of feelings. In this article, when writing a snow scene, the author grasped the characteristics of snow scene at night. A mark, a spot, a mustard tuber, two or three grains are the bright spots in the vast snow scene. The author realized the shocking force behind simplicity with accurate feelings, and the vastness of the universe and the smallness of people formed a strong contrast, so the landscape had content.
"Encounter in the Huting" is narrative, but it focuses on lyricism. I met two snowmen unexpectedly. It was a surprise. The brief meeting was pleasant, and the subsequent parting was inevitably sad, but meeting people with similar interests made him feel relieved. Emotional changes are full of twists and turns, but they are all related to "watching snow" and are an extension of the "watching snow" action. From the perspective of scenery to the perspective of people, people and scenery are organically combined. People's participation has injected vitality into the landscape that may appear cold and monotonous. The integration of people and scenery is the characteristic of this paper.
Writing background
After Ming's death, he expressed the author's deep yearning for his motherland.
Teaching suggestion
I. This paper was completed in 1 class hour. You can use 10 minutes to let students read and recite the text by themselves and have an overall impression of the text. 15 minutes to discuss the content of the article with students, focusing on understanding and not explaining it too trivial. 15 minutes to deal with the exercises, highlighting the ideological content, writing techniques and language style of the article. Use 5 minutes to strengthen reciting.
Second, the teaching focus of this course is to be familiar with the characteristics of landscape writing on the basis of in-depth understanding. This paper is characterized by the use of line drawing, which is a basic writing method, and can be used to write landscapes as well as characters. Teachers should combine the description in the text that "there is only one trace on the long embankment, there is a small pavilion in the middle of the lake, there is a mustard tuber on board, and there are only two or three people on board" to clarify the characteristics of this technique. In order to facilitate understanding, you can also use the technique of "rendering" to compare.
Thirdly, the teaching difficulty of this course is to understand the author's spiritual world and grasp the relationship between scenery writing, narration and lyricism. In order to break through this difficulty, the teacher can briefly introduce Zhang Dai's experience, so that students can understand the faint sadness in the text, but it is not appropriate to speak too deeply and in detail, so stop here. The relationship between narrative and scenery writing should not be too deep. It is enough to show that the wonders of the West Lake and the elegance of visiting the Lakers set each other off.
Fourth, the third question after class can also be used as preview content, and exchanged before the lecture to arouse students' interest.
[Edit this paragraph] Related information
Buerzhai
Zhang Dai
Buerzhai, Gao Wusan, Cui Yueqian; The western wall is a little empty, and Chimonanthus praecox fills it. But the sky is green and the summer is hot, which is not enough. The back wall is higher than the iron fence, with bamboo poles and rain, and Zheng's "autumn sound is full of ears" is everywhere. The sky shines down, it looks at the sky, crystal clear as glass mica, and the person sitting is always in a cool world. The walls of the book are full of walls, and the tripod stands still. There is a stone bed bamboo gauze curtain on the left to prevent mosquitoes from invading the gauze curtain and welcome Bi Cheng.
In summer, orchids and jasmine invade clothes. Before and after Chongyang, under the chrysanthemum north window, the chrysanthemum basin has five floors, below the high-rise building. The colors are ethereal and bright, and the sky is crystal clear as autumn water. Leaves fall in winter, wintersweet blossoms, warm sun windows, red stoves () and wool (blankets). Take Kunshan daffodil as the toe. In spring, there are orchids under the wall, half an acre of peony in front of the door and many different trees.
I took off my clothes, but I didn't feel hot or cold. I felt like a lifetime ago.
-("Tao An Meng Yi")
Comment: Buerzhai, like a distant thought, is so clearly presented in front of us, which shows the author's deep love for it. The author misses the old country and the lost life, but it doesn't show it. He only described the scenery inside and outside the study and the interest of the four seasons with faint pen and ink, but between the lines, that kind of emotion was faintly revealed. At the end of the sentence, "I feel like something happened in a previous life" seems to be an understatement, but in fact it is like a heavy hammer, and the author's sentimental feelings all erupt here. Dream, dream! The past life was like a dream, like a painting, gone with the wind, but now it is hidden. The author only relies on "dream memory" to seek spiritual comfort, and its scenery is amazing. (The Essence of Ming and Qing Dynasties, p. 585)
Poetry, Prose, Poetry, Prose —— Reading Zhang Dai's Watching the Snow in the Lake Pavilion (Wu)
In the history of China's prose, the prose in the late Ming Dynasty still occupies a place, although it is not as eye-catching as the pre-Qin philosophers or the Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. It is like a cluster of orchids in the crevice of a deep mountain, with sparse flowers and fresh flowers. Although not bright, it has its own lofty and unconventional charm.
Zhang Dai (1597- 1689) is regarded as a "temple army" with high achievements among prose writers in the late Ming Dynasty, expressing the pain of the country's downfall in a light and naive style. Representative works include prose collection "Dream of Taoan" and "Dream of West Lake".
Zhang Dai was born in an official family. He had never been an official before the Ming Dynasty and had been living a leisurely life. After the death of the Ming Dynasty, he took part in the anti-Qing struggle, and then took refuge in the foothills of Shanxi, Zhejiang Province to concentrate on writing. Tao An's Dream and West Lake's Dream were written after he died in Ming Dynasty and entered the mountain. In the book, I cherish memories of the past, reminiscing about the past, and revealing deep thoughts and vicissitudes of my motherland between the lines. He said in "Preface to Tao An's Dream": "Cock crows at the pillow and return at night. I have been thinking for more than a lifetime, prosperous and beautiful, and I have been empty for fifty years. Today, when the millet is ripe, how can we digest it when we drive to the gladiator's cave? Yao Si remembered the past as a book, held it to the Buddha, and repented one by one. " Here we can see the main idea of his writing this book and the reason why he named it Dream. When we read Tao An Meng and West Lake Dream, while appreciating their elegant and beautiful prose images, we often feel that there is a veil of dreams hanging over them, which makes the artistic conception look deep and hazy. This is a shadow cast by history, which reflects the ideological weakness of this late Ming adherents writer and gives his writing style a unique color.
Zhang Dai's sketches are worthy of the name. The long one is only 1000 words, and the short one is only 200 words. The pen and ink are concise, elegant and full of poetry and painting. People often say that prose is poetic, which is quite true; If we compare poems, I think Zhang Dai's sketches are quite similar to the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty. Good at meaning, a few strokes, intended to imply, three sighs, no embarrassment. You can know the taste by eating a spoonful; We might as well choose a short chapter-"Looking at the snow in the middle of the lake" (see Volume 3 of Tao An Meng Yi) and try to taste it.
In December in Chongzhen, I lived by the West Lake.
The first two periods indicate time and place. In the collection, most of the works that I have traveled in the past indicate the dynasty year to show that I don't forget my motherland. It is marked here as "five years of Chongzhen", and the same is true. "December", when it snows in the middle of winter, "I live in the West Lake" refers to the adjacent West Lake. However, the idleness of the first two sentences has caused the heavy snow below and the snow on the lake to have no traces of time and place.
It snowed for many days, and the noise of pedestrians and birds in the lake disappeared.
Following the beginning, only these two sentences, the shape of the lake closed by heavy snow can be imagined, and it feels chilly to read. The beauty of the author lies not in writing the heavy snow intuitively, but in writing "the people and birds in the lake are dead" through hearing. After writing about the heavy snow, there was silence, lakes and mountains were frozen, people and birds were afraid to go out, they were too cold to make a sound, and even the air seemed to freeze. A word "unique" conveys a cold and gloomy feeling of ice and snow. This is a high degree of freehand brushwork, cleverly drawing the majesty of heavy snow from people's hearing and psychological feelings. This reminds us of Liu Zongyuan's famous Jiang Xue: "There are no birds in hundreds of mountains, and there are no footprints in thousands of roads. A boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing in the cold river-snow. " Liu Zongyuan's Snow Map on the River is from a visual point of view. The river is vast, "there is no trace of people and birds", and there are unique fishermen who "catch snow". In Zhang Dai's works, people and birds are silent, but this silence is exactly what people feel, so there are people in silence. Liu's poem is only 20 crosses, and finally the word "snow" is pointed out, which can be described as a recent cause. Zhang Dai wrote that "three days of heavy snow" caused "all the birds in the lake died", which can be said to be every cloud has a silver lining. They have different mechanisms, but they also achieve the artistic effect of vividly depicting scenery. If "there are no birds in a hundred mountains and no footprints in a thousand paths" in "Jiang Xue" is to render and set off fishermen fishing alone in the Han River; Then Zhang Dai reflected that someone was watching the snow coldly below.
At midnight, I took a boat, holding clothes and a fire, and went to the pavilion in the middle of the lake to see the snow alone.
"It's a day", after "three days of heavy snow", it's also a cold day; Those who are "more determined" are also in the early hours of the morning, when the cold doubles. The phrase "holding clothes and holding fire" is used to keep out the cold. Imagine, in the ice and snow where birds are singing and flowers are fragrant, someone goes out late at night and "goes to the pavilion in the middle of the lake alone to see the snow". What a unique loneliness and elegance! The word "Du Wang Xue" can be cross-referenced with the word "An old man fishing in the cold river-snow". Here, the author holds the integrity of ice and snow alone, and enjoys himself. Isn't it unspeakable loneliness? He wants to go alone at night because he doesn't want to see anyone or anyone. Then, in this feeling of loneliness, doesn't it also contain the resentment of escaping from the world?
Please see how ethereal the author writes the snow scene in the lake:
Haze, sky and clouds and mountains and water, white up and down; The shadow in the lake is only the trace of a long bank. There is a small pavilion in the middle of the lake, a mustard and Yu Zhou, and there are only two or three people on board.
This is really a blurred picture of the night snow with lakes and mountains! "Rime" is a description of the snow and water vapor on the lake, which is diffuse. "The sky and the clouds and the mountains and the water are all white," and the words "and" overlap, vividly writing the scene of the sky, the sea of clouds and the lake. The author always writes a sentence first, which is like taking a panoramic view of "white from top to bottom" From the point of view of snow, it accords with the general feeling and impression at first sight. Then, from a different perspective, it becomes poetic close-ups: "A scar on the long beach", "A small pavilion in the middle of the lake", "Two or three people on board" and so on. This is a simple painting, a dreamy poem, which gives people a feeling of being absent from the scene and being in a daze. The author's tempering of quantifiers has to amaze us. You see, the word "one" of "upper and lower white" is confusing and difficult to distinguish, which makes people feel that it is big; The words "one mark", "one spot" and "one mustard" are equally matched, which makes people feel small. This is really a word "one", and the realm is gone. At the same time, from "a sign on the long embankment" to "a small pavilion in the lake" to "a mustard in the boat" and "two or three people in the boat", the lens is getting smaller and smaller until it is minimal. The quantifiers such as "mark", "point", "mustard" and "valley" are as small as one, describing the movement of sight and the change of scenery, which makes people feel that they fell from the sky and were born there, and they can't be shaken at all. This passage is about scenery, but it is not limited to scenery; From this chaotic world of ice and snow, it is not difficult to feel the author's deep affection for life as "Taicang rice".
Make the following changes and open a domain:
In the pavilion in the middle of the lake, I saw two people laying blankets and a child cooking a wine stove. Seeing it, I was overjoyed and said, "There is no such person in the lake!" " Pull me together and drink with me. I tried to drink three glasses of wine and then said goodbye to them. Ask them what their surnames are. They are from Nanjing and are guests in this place.
"I went to the pavilion in the middle of the lake to see the snow alone", but I didn't expect someone on the pavilion to arrive before me. This unexpected stroke, wrote the author's unexpected surprise, but also caused the reader's unexpected surprise. However, the author did not say that he was surprised, but wrote that two guests were "seen in the big pavilion"; The powder on the back shows that his pen is changeable. "There are more people like this in the lake!" Although this miracle was sent to Hongxing Erke, it was actually the author's voice. The beauty of the author is that he didn't say a word, but he "had a good time." The two guests who "shared a drink with others" were lucky enough to meet a bosom friend, which seemed to add a touch of warmth to the cold lakes and mountains, but the sad tone in their bones remained unchanged. It's like Li Bai's "Until, hold up my cup, I ask the bright moon to bring me my shadow and make us three", but it's just an illusory comfort. Those who are "more talented" are just rare. "Strong drinking three whites" is to reward friends. People who are "heavy drinkers" should not drink at all, but at this time, when they meet this person, they have to drink. After drinking goodbye, I began to "ask him his last name", and the beauty lies in his vague words. I just said, "I'm from Jinling and I'm a guest here." It can be seen that these two friends on the lake were originally wanderers from other places, suggesting that it was difficult to make an appointment later. This supplementary pen reveals the author's infinite melancholy: the vast Liuhe, the bosom friend is hard to meet, life is like a snow claw, and in a blink of an eye, things are different. Speaking of which, is it a pity? In our opinion, the article has done this, and it is also complete and flawless. But the author, wanting more, wrote these words:
While waiting for the boat, the boatman murmured, "Stop talking about your Excellency, you idiot, and people like you are crazy!" " ! "
After reading this, I am really surprised! Previous comments on Ci are a bit stained, and this conclusion can be described as a combination of point and stain. At the port of the ship, point out a word "stupid"; In addition, Xianggong's "idiot" and "idiot like Xianggong" are immersed in contrast, and the word "idiot" is written thoroughly. The so-called "crazy as" xianggong "is not to belittle" crazy "of" xianggong ",but to set off" crazy "of" xianggong "in the same tone. The word "muttering" describes Zhou Zi's soliloquy and confusion, such as the people who heard his voice and saw him. This kind of place is also the author's pride and emotion. The literary mood is rippling and the aftertaste is endless.
This article is a mixture of narration, scenery description and lyricism. Even when I write characters, my tone is vivid. When writing lightly, the feelings are deep and long, but the full text is less than 200 words, including punctuation. This alone is worth learning! Of course, we can't blindly appreciate its aloof, self-admiring and passive seclusion, but we must look at it critically and analyze it historically.