The Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty was the main artery of north-south traffic in ancient China, which played a great role in the history of China and was a great water conservancy construction project created by the working people in ancient China. Below I have sorted out the history of the Sui and Tang Grand Canal, hoping to help you!
The Historical Background of the Grand Canal in Sui and Tang Dynasties
Yang Guang, Emperor Yang Di of Sui Dynasty, was the second son of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty. Nicknamed Amin, also known as Angelababy. At the age of thirteen, he was named King of Jin, the general manager of Bingzhou, and guarded the capital. In order to give his son exercise, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty can hold a great position in the future. Let Wang Shao, a talented minister, be Yang Guang's assistant minister. Yang-ti is young and eager to learn, good at poetry and prose, and has written 55 volumes. 14 years, Yang Guang was talented and brilliant. His life can be summarized by unifying the whole country, building a canal, building an eastern capital, traveling westward to Zhang Ye, reform and innovation, visiting Jiangdu three times and driving Liaodong three times.
The achievements of Emperor Yang Di:
Establish a smooth national lifeline,
In 584 AD, Emperor Emperor Wen of Sui of the Sui Dynasty ordered Yuwen Kai to lead the crowd to open canals. The Weihe River leads from the northwest of Daxing City, slightly along the old Cao Canal in Han Dynasty, and joins the Yellow River in Tongguan, with a total length of 150 kilometers, hence the name Guangtong Canal. In 604, it was renamed Yongtong Canal. However, with the development of politics, economy and culture in the north and south, the canals built locally can no longer meet the needs of society. Communicating the north-south waterway has become an urgent need for social and economic exchanges. In 605, the first year of Yang Di's accession to the throne, millions of soldiers and laborers were recruited to build Tongji Canal. In the same year, the Han Dynasty was rebuilt. In 608 AD, millions of migrant workers from Hebei were recruited to dig Yongji Canal. Communication with the Yangtze River in 6 10 AD. So far, the project of digging the Grand Canal has been basically completed. Emperor Yang Di spent six years digging the Grand Canal. Yang Di successively dug Tongji Canal, from the Yellow River to Bianshui, and then from Bianshui to Huaihe River. There are also gullies that enter the Yangtze River from Huaihe River; Jiangnan River from Jingkou to Yuhang; Lead Qinshui to the Yellow River in the south and Yongji Canal in Zhuo Jun County in the north. These canals are connected north and south, which is the famous Grand Canal in history. The Grand Canal starts from Zhuo Jun in the north and ends in Yuhang in the south, winding for more than 5,000 miles from north to south. When Yang Di built the canal, he built royal roads on both sides of the canal and planted willows. From Chang 'an to Jiangdu, more than 40 detached palaces have been built along the way, and many granaries have been built along the canal as places for transporting or storing grain.
The North-South Grand Canal connects Qiantang River, Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Yellow River and Haihe River. At that time, "merchant ships and tourists came and went, and ships were in an endless stream" on the canal. The Grand Canal promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between the North and the South during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, safeguarded national unity and strengthened centralization of authority. The Grand Canal not only strengthened the military and political rule of the Sui Dynasty over the south, but also made the materials from the south reach Luoyang and Chang 'an smoothly at that time. This is beneficial to the military and politics, but also strengthens the cultural exchange between the north and the south. Such a huge project has benefited thousands of generations. For China, the Grand Canal is far more important than the Great Wall. The Grand Canal connects the Yellow River basin and the Yangtze River basin, connecting two civilizations. Make the Yellow River basin and the Yangtze River basin gradually become one. Building the Grand Canal is an initiative to unite China. It meets the urgent need to connect the Yangtze River basin, which has become the national economic center, with the north, which is still the political center. The construction of the "Grand Canal" has enabled China's water transport to be smooth and developed, laying a solid foundation for China's future prosperity. Since the late Qing Dynasty, water transportation has changed to sea transportation, and the Grand Canal is no longer the main artery of the national economy. Yang Di in Sui Dynasty brought great benefits to China's descendants. His contribution to China is immortal and hard to compare with others ... but he has paid too much for it. Waste of people and money leads to the destruction of the country. Building such a huge project, no one will please anyone, and whoever builds it will harm the country. Who dares to build such a huge project? Who else dares to write such a big word? Probably only Qin Shihuang had the same great god.
In 608 AD, Yang Di sent troops to wipe out Tuguhun. Hijikata Chizuru Li will be expanded from the east bank of Qinghai Lake in the east, Tarim Basin in the west, Kuruktag Mountain in the north and Kunlun Mountain in the south, and county-level management will be implemented. Put it under the rule of China. This is a place where no formal administrative region has ever been established.
In 609 AD, Yang Di led an army from Chang 'an, Kyoto, to Longxi, Gansu, and crossed Qilian Mountain in Qinghai to the west. After a great battle, he reached Zhangye County in Hexi Corridor. This trip is by no means for sightseeing or personal pleasure. Due to the desert border and harsh natural conditions in the west since ancient times, Emperor Yang Di was also hit by a snowstorm. This canyon is more than 3000 meters above sea level, and the temperature is below zero all the year round. Most of the soldiers froze to death and most of the accompanying officials were separated. Emperor Yang Di was also very flustered and suffered a lot on the road. Yang Di's voyage to the West lasted for half a year, covering Qinghai and Hexi Corridor. It means a lot. In feudal times, Emperor China arrived in the far northwest, only Emperor Yang Di. In the course of his voyage to the Western Ocean, Emperor Yangdi set up four counties, namely Xihai, Heyuan, Shanshan and Qiemo, which further promoted the northwest regions such as Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang to become an inseparable part of China.
After Yang Di arrived in Zhangye, the monarchs of the twenty-seven countries in the western regions and Mitchell appeared before each other one after another, expressing their obedience. Businessmen from all over the world also gathered in Zhangye to trade. Yang Di personally opened the Silk Road, which strengthened the contacts and exchanges between the Central Plains and the West in all aspects. This is a feat that only a famous monarch can achieve through the ages. To show the prosperity of China, Yang Di Yang Guang held the World Expo on the ancient Silk Road. Tourists travel hundreds of miles, which is the first in the world. The smooth Silk Road not only made Zhangye's international trade market more prosperous, but also promoted the rise and development of trade markets in the Central Plains such as qi zhou in Guanzhong, Chang 'an in Xijing and Luoyang in the East. Since then, merchants from Gaochang, Xiang Yan, Qiuci, Shule, Khotan, Guo Kang, Anguo, Miguo, Tuholo and other countries in the Western Regions have been coming and going between Chang 'an and Luoyang in an endless stream. Yang Di also sent Li Si to participate in Du Xingman's mission to the Western Regions and brought back five-color salt from Anguo. Li Yu, the captain of Yun Qi, was sent to Persia. When he returned to China, Persian messengers and businessmen followed him to the Central Plains. Then the Sui Dynasty became a more open country.
Even on the eve of the demise of the Sui Dynasty, countries surrendered to the Great Sui Dynasty. He also gave a gift to the Sui Dynasty. "Eleven years in the spring, Wu Jia in the first month, held a grand banquet. Turkic, Silla, _ _, Bi Daci, Dadu, Sichuan and Vietnam, Siye, Bora and Tuhuoluo are all considered as construction, sudden profit theory, _ _, Daduo, Peihan, Qiuci, Shule, Khotan, Anguo, Cao, He, Mu and Bi. -"Sui Shu"
"Su Su autumn wind, long journey. What did Wan Li do to build the Great Wall?
What a clever boy, the camp of saints. Trees are the eternal strategy, one trillion years.
Dare to worry, high pillow in Beijing. Look at the Beihe Wushu Festival, rolling thousands of miles.
The mountains and rivers are intertwined, and Yuanye is too poor to be reasonable. Strike the gold and stop, and the drums will flourish.
Thousands of flags in the Great Wall Cave drink horses. Autumn clouds are beyond the Great Wall, and fog is dark in Guan Shanyue.
Fate is strict, and it is sent by an empty bonfire. Excuse me, Khan called on North Korea at the time of the Great Wall.
Turbid air calms the Tianshan Mountains, and the morning light shines high. Releasing soldiers or motivating the brigade, everything will be abolished.
After drinking the story, you will return to the front of the Qing palace. "
This is Yang Di's "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave" when he went to the Western Ocean, which has become a masterpiece throughout the ages. "The first one is full of vigor, which is quite Wei Wu style." Later scholars spoke highly of his poems. "Mixing North and South, Yang Di's talent is really high." , "Sui, we have a strong character. Emperor Yangdi got the essence from China. Compared with safflower, the standard is clear. As soon as Emperor Yang Di washed away the decadent wind, he tried his best to make specimens. The ancient road remains here. " The other is "Moonlit Night on a Spring River" written by Yang Di, "Twilight is boundless, and spring is blooming. The waves will go to the moon and the tides will come to the stars. " , enough to show his literary talent. "Being able to make elegant and correct language is better than Chen Houzhu." , "Emperor Yangdi's poems are far from being washed away by Pan and Lu. However, it is still close to the body of the south. " The poetry of Emperor Yang Di of Sui Dynasty occupies an important position in the history of China literature and poetry.
Emperor Yang Di's voyages to the Western Seas, expanding the territory, setting the western border, made great contributions in Wuwei, shocked all countries, launched trade, enhanced China's prestige, and unblocked the Silk Road. This was done by a generation of powerful monarchs.
In 6 10, the sui government established five counties in yiwu county. Besides expanding its territory to the northwest, Yang Di in Sui Dynasty also launched a series of wars to expand its territory to the southeast. The victory of these wars extended the southeastern territory of the Sui Dynasty to Annan, Champa and Taiwan Province provinces. On Hainan Island, there are three counties: Boer, Zhu Ya and Linzhen. Wuyuan county is in the north. In addition, the Sui Dynasty divided the powerful Turkic into two parts, East Turkic and West Turkic, and won the battle with East Turkic. This also laid a solid foundation for Tang Taizong to win a series of victories in the future. According to some modern people's views on the territory of the Tang Dynasty, the territory of the Sui Dynasty was actually larger than that of the Tang Dynasty.
Yang Di's failure lies in his overuse of the people, his eagerness for quick success and instant benefit, and his desire to achieve great achievements. Three driving Liaodong not only consumed a large number of its own main army, but also brought a heavy burden to the people. Mainly because the military service is too heavy. Building the Grand Canal itself will hurt the people and the country. A series of wars to expand the territory also consumed a lot of manpower and material resources. Emperor Yang Di's overconfidence and underestimation of the enemy led to the failure of his first expedition to Korea and plunged into the quagmire of war. Causing disgruntled soldiers to defect. The people also revolted to escape the heavy burden, which laid the groundwork for the collapse of the Sui Dynasty. However, Da Sui was able to quell the uprising and rebellion, which can be seen from the fact that his troops of Li Yuan later quelled the rebellion.
The Development Purpose of the Grand Canal in Sui and Tang Dynasties
China has a vast territory, and there are many big rivers in this ancient land, but all of them flow horizontally from west to east except Irtysh River and Lancang River, and there are no north-south longitudinal rivers, which is determined by the basic topography of East Asia. Among these rivers, the Yellow River is the cradle of the development of the Chinese nation, and the Yellow River Basin is the birthplace of Chinese civilization. The downstream is the most developed and prosperous area in ancient economy, culture and science, and it is also the most densely populated and politically active place. The Yellow River flows from west to east, which facilitates the horizontal connection between east and west, which is not conducive to the vertical connection between north and south, and the vertical economic and cultural exchanges are greatly affected. There is no lack of rich land in the north of the Yellow River, and the southeast coast south of the Yellow River is rich in products, but the development time is not long. This geographical defect has caused the unbalanced economic and cultural development in China. Our ancestors wisely perceived this problem, which led to the desire to dig north-south longitudinal artificial rivers.
In the long history of China, feudal rulers frequently fought and conquered in order to consolidate their political power. In order to ensure the transportation of a large amount of grain and grass needed for military operations and occupy an advantageous position in water transportation, it is undoubtedly necessary to communicate with the north-south water transportation and dig canals for military operations. It can be seen that the Grand Canal was dug mainly for the convenience of those in power to consolidate and develop their own political power, and military action and economic development were the most direct purposes. At the same time, it also has the attribute of following the imperial city.
The excavation of the Grand Canal has experienced a process of continuous improvement and expansion from short to long, from part to whole for thousands of years.
China has a long history of utilizing natural water sources, building artificial canals, irrigating farmland and transporting. According to records, in the Spring and Autumn Period, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, recruited a large number of civilian workers in order to attack the State of Qi, transporting troops and grain, and dug a canal between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River, named "Hangou". This is the rear section of the Grand Canal in Jiangsu. From the Han Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, some channels were built one after another. Although these channels are intermittent, the Grand Canal has begun to take shape in the south of the Yangtze River and the Central Plains. With the development of politics, economy and culture in the north and south, the local canals can no longer meet the needs of society. Jiangnan region, in particular, is playing an increasingly important role in the national economic life, and it has become an urgent need for social and economic exchanges to communicate the north-south waterway.
After the Sui Dynasty unified China, the people obtained stable social conditions to engage in production, and the social economy gradually recovered. In 584, Emperor Wen of Sui ordered Yuwen Kai to lead a crowd to reopen the Cao Canal. The Weihe River leads from the northwest of Daxing City, slightly along the old Cao Canal in Han Dynasty, and joins the Yellow River in Tongguan, with a total length of 150 kilometers, hence the name Guangtong Canal. In 604, it was renamed Yongtong Canal.
However, large-scale construction was still carried out after Emperor Yang Di Yang Guang came to power. In 605, Yang Di recruited millions of soldiers and servants to build Tongji Canal. In the same year, the Han Dynasty was rebuilt. In 608, millions of migrant workers were recruited from Hebei to dig Yongji Canal. Communicate with the Yangtze River in 6 10 years. At this point, the construction of the Grand Canal was basically completed, and it was the Sui Grand Canal.
While building the canal, Yang Di also built royal roads and planted willows on both sides of the river. From Chang 'an to Jiangdu, more than 40 detached palaces were built along the way. In addition, many granaries have been built along the canal as places to transport or store food.
The Grand Canal dug in the Sui Dynasty, with Luoyang in Kyoto as the center, reaches Zhuo Jun in the northeast and Yuhang in the southeast, with a total length of 2,500 kilometers. It connects five major water systems, namely Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River, and connects Shi Jing, Du Dong, Zhuo Jun, Junyi, Liang Jun, Yang Shan, Jiangdu, Wu Jun, Yuhang and other capital cities, thus strengthening the ties among regions. At that time, there were "merchant ships and tourists coming and going, ships in an endless stream" on the canal, which promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between the North and the South during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, safeguarded national unity and strengthened centralization of authority.
During the Tang Dynasty, some repairs were made to the canal. For example, in 742 AD, in the east of Sanmenxia, people once dug a passage in the rock called "Tianbao River".
Subsequent dynasties continued to use and build the Grand Canal in order to safeguard the vital interests of the ruling class. By the Yuan Dynasty in the 0/3rd century A.D./KLOC, Kublai Khan in Yuan Shizu was the capital, and the political and economic center of the whole country also moved here. Or use Suiqu. However, the Sui Canal is not very straight in its north-south direction. In fact, it turns a big bend to the west of Luoyang. This route is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the freight is high. Kublai Khan therefore realized that as long as a river that runs directly from north to south is opened, it is the fastest, most economical and most effective artificial river.
So Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu ordered the excavation of Huitong River in 1289. This river starts in Linqing, Hebei Province and ends in Anshan, Dongping Road in the south. A Tonghui River was opened from Beijing to Tongxian to communicate with the old river. In this way, you can go directly from Hangzhou to Beijing without bypassing Luoyang. However, some rivers excavated in the Sui Dynasty were gradually abandoned because they were silted up for many years and were not cleaned up. The river channel dug in the Yuan Dynasty is called the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. Compared with the Grand Canal in the Sui Dynasty, this canal moved eastward greatly, still connecting Beijing and Hangzhou, but only 1794 km, nearly 800 km shorter than the Grand Canal in the Sui Dynasty. This is the Grand Canal we see now.
Guess you are interested in:
1. What is the longest canal in the world?
2. The true history of Emperor Yang Di Yang Guang.
3. Classic stories of Sui and Tang Dynasties
What are the starting and ending points of the Grand Canal in Sui and Tang Dynasties?
The starting point is Yuhang, today's Hangzhou, and the end point is Zhuo Jun, today's Beijing.
The Sui and Tang Grand Canal starts from Yuhang in the south, which is now Hangzhou, and starts from Zhuo Jun in the north, which is now Beijing. The Grand Canal in Sui and Tang Dynasties was a major project during the reign of Yang Di. It was built in 605 AD and took six years to complete. It is centered on Luoyang, reaching Zhuo Jun in the north, Beijing now, Yuhang in the south and Hangzhou now. Connect Luoyang, Zhuojun to Beijing, Bianzhou to Kaifeng, Songzhou to Shangqiu, Chuzhou to Huai 'an, Jiangdu to Yangzhou, Runzhou to Zhenjiang, Yuhang to Hangzhou, Huiji to Shaoxing and other regional centers, thus strengthening regional ties.
Military Demand of the Grand Canal in Sui and Tang Dynasties
In the long history of China, feudal rulers frequently fought and conquered in order to consolidate their political power. In order to ensure the transportation of a large amount of grain and grass needed for military operations and occupy an advantageous position in water transportation, it is undoubtedly necessary to communicate with the north-south water transportation and dig canals for military operations. It can be seen that the Grand Canal was dug mainly for the convenience of those in power to consolidate and develop their own political power, and military action and economic development were the most direct purposes. At the same time, it also has the attribute of following the imperial city.
What is the historical significance of the Sui and Tang Grand Canal?
The Grand Canal in Sui and Tang Dynasties was built in Sui Dynasty. Because of the construction of the Grand Canal, Yang Di became a famous tyrant in history. But then again, although Emperor Yang Di made people complain because of the construction of the Grand Canal, in the long run, the influence brought by the Grand Canal is enormous, which can go down in history and have far-reaching influence. Therefore, the construction of the grand canal is bitter in the present and beneficial in the future.
1. The construction of the Grand Canal promoted the development of grain transportation.
In ancient times, traffic was not as convenient as it is now. The rich may catch a carriage and get a good horse, but for the poor, they must walk on their own legs, and the transportation of goods is generally a rickshaw. Compared with ships, the disadvantages are self-evident, so the opening of the Grand Canal is of positive significance to people's travel and cargo transportation, and also plays a great role in promoting economic development.
Second, the construction of the Grand Canal is conducive to promoting economic and cultural exchanges and integration between the North and the South.
Social development advances through communication. However, before the Grand Canal was built, although the North and the South indicated that they could exchange needed goods, it was not very convenient because of the distance. At this time, Emperor Yang Di opened the Grand Canal, which not only facilitated the transportation of people and goods, but also objectively promoted the economic integration and cultural exchanges between the North and the South, which was more conducive to social development.
Third, the construction of the Grand Canal has promoted the development of coastal economy.
We have all heard a saying that if you want to be rich, you should build roads first. In fact, the role of the Grand Canal is similar to the road we are building now. The construction of the Grand Canal is of great significance to the economic development of coastal areas. At one time, people could only develop agriculture, because the construction of the Grand Canal could combine agriculture with commerce, better develop the economy and promote development.
What was the time, purpose and significance of the opening of the Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty?
The opening time of the Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty: it started in 605 AD and was completed in 6 10 AD, which took five years.
The purpose of building the Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty:
The political purpose of 1 is that every emperor wants to have some symbolic achievements when he is alive. On the one hand, he wants to fight or rule more firmly, on the other hand, he wants to shape his eternal monarch image.
After Yang Guang ascended the throne in 605 AD, he moved to Luoyang in 606. Then, after the Sui Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang, the whole political center moved to the north, and the ancient traffic was very inconvenient. Due to the southerly terrain, it is unfavorable for Yang Di to control the national situation in Luoyang. In other words, if there is a war or rebellion in the south, it will take several days to send a letter. The imperial court sent troops, and the waterway was blocked. Of course, far water could not put out the near fire. At that time, the regime of the Sui Dynasty was not so impregnable. For military reasons, Emperor Yang Di decided to build the Grand Canal.
3. Strengthened the economic and cultural prosperity of North and South. After the Grand Canal was completed, many cities along the river experienced great economic prosperity. It created 1. Yangzhou, Jiangsu, including Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and Xi 'an, including Luoyang, Kaifeng, Beijing and Tianjin. It can be said that without the Grand Canal in Yang Di, there would be no later dry dragon down the south of the Yangtze River. Without the Grand Canal, the south of the Yangtze River would not be a very rich land. After the prosperity of the city, it attracted all kinds of literati. Nowadays, culture, goods and people are transported to various places by various ships. These influences on future generations are infinite.
The impact of building the Grand Canal:
Economy and culture 1: Without the Grand Canal in Yang Di, there would be no later Qianlong down the south of the Yangtze River. Without the Grand Canal, the south of the Yangtze River would not be a very rich land. After the prosperity of the city, it attracted all kinds of literati. All kinds of ships transport culture, goods and people to various places. These influences on future generations are infinite.
The diversity and complementarity of China's culture are particularly evident after the construction of the Grand Canal. The integration of several major water systems has promoted the integration of national cultures. Businessmen seek profit, and the world is bustling, bringing the culture and products of the northern or nomadic people to the south, and now they bring all kinds of silks and satins and cultures from the land of fish and rice in the south to the north. China culture has experienced great fusion and collision. Let China become a more dynamic and passionate country.
The Grand Canal is the earliest and longest canal in the world. It extends from Luoyang to the north and south and to Yuhang in the south. From north to south, it is divided into four sections: Yongji Canal, Tongji Canal, Hangou River and Jiangnan River, connecting five major water systems: Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River, with a total length of more than 5,000 miles. In order to build the longest canal, Yang Di wasted people's money and lives. But this canal did play a long-term role in the unification of the country and the great development of economy and culture.
The predecessors planted trees, while the descendants enjoyed the cool. The Grand Canal in Yang Di ushered in the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty and laid the foundation for the splendid and colorful national culture of the Tang Dynasty. In China, it will last forever for future generations to sing and look forward to. Although the Sui Dynasty was a flash in the pan, the Tang Dynasty carried forward the Grand Canal culture developed in the Sui Dynasty and restored China's former glory and prosperity. From the perspective of national unity and long-term economic stability, Emperor Yang Di made great contributions.
What is the origin of the Grand Canal in Sui and Tang Dynasties?
In ancient times, compared with water transportation, land transportation consumed a lot of money, and there were many dangerous roads. Therefore, waterway transportation, as a more important mode of transportation, has always been controlled by rulers of past dynasties. As the main artery of north-south traffic, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal has played a great role in history. The navigation of the canal has promoted the rapid development of coastal cities. It made Cao Gang and the water traffic once prosperous, and made great contributions to the tribute transportation in coastal counties and the exchange of goods between merchants. Strengthen north-south traffic and exchanges and consolidate the central government's rule over the country. Strengthen the economic construction in the south of the Yangtze River and realize the integration of Central Plains culture and southern culture. Promote the north-south transportation of grain.
The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is a great project created by the working people in ancient China. It is a valuable material and spiritual wealth left by our ancestors. It is an important living and flowing human heritage. The Grand Canal began in the Spring and Autumn Period, formed in the Sui Dynasty and developed in the Tang and Song Dynasties. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal was built in the Spring and Autumn Period more than 2,000 years ago and has a history of more than 2,500 years. An important river opened by Qin Shihuang in Jiaxing also laid the foundation for the future direction of the Jiangnan Canal. According to records, Qin Shihuang ruled the mausoleum waterway from Jiaxing to Qiantang, which was connected with Zhejiang. About 2,500 years ago, Wuwangfuzhai dug a Han canal and a canal connecting the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, and built Seoul, from which canals and canal culture came into being.
The Grand Canal we are talking about today was dug in the Spring and Autumn Period, completed in the Sui Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties, straightened in the Yuan Dynasty and dredged in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Duration 1779. In the long years, it has experienced three major construction processes. Especially in the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Yangdi used more than 2 million people to dig the Grand Canal, which made great contributions to the unprecedented economic and cultural prosperity of the country in the future! Although Emperor Yangdi was the king of national subjugation, his historical achievements are undeniable. It can be seen that the Grand Canal will have a great impact on the economy and traffic in the north and south of China.
The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal has always been an important waterway in history and played an important role in the economic and cultural exchanges between North and South. Maritime transportation rose in the19th century, and then with the opening of the Jin-Pu Railway, the role of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal gradually weakened. After the migration of the Yellow River, the Shandong section was short of water, the river was silted up, the navigation between north and south was interrupted, and it was deposited on the ground. A section of water in Jiangsu Province has a large amount of water and good navigation conditions, which can only be used by small wooden sailboats. The desolation and depression of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal is a portrayal of China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. After liberation, some river sections were widened and deepened, curved and straightened, and many modern docks and shiplocks were built, and shipping conditions were improved. Seasonal navigation mileage reaches 1 100 km or more. More than 660 kilometers south of Pixian County, Jiangsu Province, the 500-ton fleet can be unimpeded. The ancient Beijing-Hangzhou Canal will become the waterway of the future South-to-North Water Transfer Project.