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Hui Style Architecture is a major ancient architectural school in ancient China. Its craftsmanship characteristics and modeling style are mainly reflected in residential buildings, Among the architectural objects such as temples, archways and gardens, the most distinctive style of "Hui-style architecture" is the traditional folk houses, which concentratedly reflect the mountainous characteristics of Huizhou, Feng Shui wishes and regional beauty trends. Multiple courtyard-style residential buildings (mostly small ones are in the triple courtyard style), usually facing south, leaning on mountains and facing water. The layout pays attention to the value of Feng Shui and is arranged symmetrically on the central axis, with three rooms in width, with a hall in the middle and two rooms on both sides.
The appearance of the residence is very integrated and beautiful, with high closed walls, angular horse heads, well-proportioned wall lines, black tiles and white walls, and elegant and generous colors. The beauty of the "three carvings" is breathtaking. The blue brick door cover, stone carved windows, and wooden carved pillars are integrated with the building, making the building exquisite and poetic, which can be called a major feature of Hui-style residences.
Huizhou folk houses generally have the following characteristics
1. Respect the natural landscape and environment. Ancient Huizhou carefully considered factors such as topography, landform, water flow and wind direction when selecting villages, and often chose them. It is surrounded by mountains and rivers, has a beautiful environment, reasonable layout, smooth transportation, and the buildings are integrated into the mountains and rivers. 2. The group of houses is integrated and unique. The head wall is closed with a high wall, and the horse's head is angled. The wall and horse's head advance and retreat in an orderly manner. Green mountains, green water, white walls, and black tiles are one of the main features of Huizhou architecture, which is elegant in its simplicity.
3. A more flexible multi-entry courtyard layout. The units of the building layout are courtyards centered on the patio, with high-rise houses, deep wells, and halls arranged flexibly according to function, scale, and topography. Rhythm.
4. The "three carvings" (brick carvings, stone carvings, and wood carvings) in Huizhou culture are breathtaking. The brick carving door covers, stone carvings, wood carvings and architecture The integration of objects into one is a major feature of Huizhou architecture.
Structural elements:
Gatehouse, hall style, large roof ridge, flying chairs, high walls and deep house. , lattice windows.
Architectural Features
North-facing residence: If the terrain is not special, the best orientation for housing is to face north to south. However, the houses built in Huizhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties , but most of them have their doors facing north. It turns out that there were many taboos in the living habits of ancient Hui people. In the Han Dynasty, there was a popular saying that "business doors should not face south, and Zhengjia doors should not face north." The reason is that according to the Five Elements: Shang belongs to gold. The south belongs to fire, and fire defeats metal, so it is unlucky; the north belongs to fire, and water controls fire, which is also unlucky. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Huizhou, Huizhou merchants were at their peak. Once they made a fortune, they would return to their hometowns to build houses. It is auspicious that the main door does not face south, but the house faces north. To this day, there are still tens of thousands of north-facing ancient houses in Huizhou.
The houses in Huizhou are very deep, with the front door in the middle. There is a patio and a hall at the back for people to live in. The hall is separated from the back hall by a middle door. There are two bedrooms in the back hall. Behind the hall is a fire wall. A patio is set against the wall and wing rooms are built on both sides. This is the first entry. The structure of the second entrance is still divided into two halls on a ridge, with two courtyards at the front and back, with partitions in the middle, four bedrooms and two halls. The structure of the third entrance, the fourth entrance or more entrances in the future is all the same, one entrance is nested inside another, forming a house within a house.
Double eaves: Huizhou folk houses are all built with double-layer eaves. The formation of this custom of double eaves has a widely circulated story. It is said that during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Shezhou was under the jurisdiction of Li Yu, the later lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Zhao Kuangyin launched the Chenqiao mutiny, established the Song Dynasty, and personally marched to Shezhou. When Song Taizu arrived outside Haiyang City in present-day Xiuning County, the sky suddenly changed and heavy rain was approaching. Taizu took shelter in a tile-roofed house to avoid disturbing the people. Zu ordered not to enter indoors, but the eaves of Huizhou folk houses are very small, far less than the length of eaves in the Central Plains. In addition, it was a windy and rainy day, and everyone was soaked. After the rain, the sky cleared, and the residents opened the door to find Taizu in this state. They thought that they could not escape the death penalty and knelt down. However, Taizu did not blame him and asked: Why are the eaves of Shezhou's houses so narrow? The villagers replied, “This is inherited from our ancestors and has always been like this.
Taizu then said: "Although the old system of our ancestors cannot be changed, you can build another eaves below to help passers-by avoid the rain." "When the villagers heard this, they said it was reasonable, so they immediately followed the instructions. Since then, all the houses in Huizhou have gradually built upper and lower eaves.
Full-top bed: Huizhou traditional bed. Because the bed top The back and head of the bed are surrounded by wooden boards, so it is called a "full-top bed". A curtain is hung in front of the bed, just like a message stand. The lucky charms of "One generation under one roof" and "Five generations of prosperity". Bed boards are usually made of 7 pieces, which means "five men and two women". The front of the bed is more exquisitely carved, with the left and right sides generally decorated with "Danfeng Chaoyang", and the upper teeth The board carving is "Double Dragons Playing with Pearls". The railings around the bed are usually carved with exquisite patterns such as "Phoenix Playing with Peonies", "Squirrels and Grapes", "Mandarin Ducks Playing in the Water"
Painting table: Huizhou. Traditional furnishings of residences. There are many paintings and couplets hung in the middle of the halls of Huizhou folk houses, or the words "Heaven, Earth, Lord, Lord, Master" written on large red paper, all framed into scrolls and hung on a long table. Two saddle-shaped painting legs are placed on the table. The scroll is unfolded downward to the long table and placed in the "saddle" of the painting legs. The painting will be flat and stable. This long table is called a "painting table".