1. What are the main aspects of mountain landscape?
Mountain open classification: geography, science, literature, history. Mountains are academically defined and refer to areas where the earth’s crust rises and is cut by rivers. . Generally refers to high ground with high altitude and steep slope. From top to bottom, it is divided into three parts: the top of the mountain, the hillside and the foothills.
According to height, it can be divided into high mountains, middle mountains and low mountains. It is generally believed that high mountain means that the relative height of the main peak of the mountain exceeds 1000 meters, mid-mountain means that the relative height of its main peak is between 350 meters and 1000 meters, and low mountain means that the relative height of its main peak is between 150 meters and 350 meters. If the relative height of the main peak is less than 150m, it will be difficult to form a mountainous landscape and can only be called hilly land. According to the origin, it can be divided into structural mountains, erosion mountains and accumulation mountains.
Mountain system refers to the general name of several adjacent mountain ranges extending in a certain direction, related in origin, and regularly distributed. A mountain range refers to a general term for several adjacent mountains that are regularly distributed in a certain direction. The mountain was named because it looked like blood.
Shankou refers to the intersection of many mountain ranges. For example, Shankou is located in the Pamir Plateau of China and is formed by the intersection of Kunlun Mountains, Tianshan Mountains, Karakoram Mountains and Hindu Kush Mountains. Looking down from space, mountains look like a ribbon, and such a ribbon is called a mountain knot. Mountains and plains, with complex structures and vast highlands with high altitudes, are often a complex of heart veins, heart systems, plateaus and basins. For example, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China is the largest mountainous plain in the world.
Shanzui is a V-shaped valley located in the mountainous area, protruding from the river and connected to the mountains. It is called Shanzui. The mountain mouth is divided into staggered mountain mouth, winding mountain mouth and flat mountain mouth. Mountain peaks are generally fingertip-shaped peaks with a certain height, mostly composed of rocks. There are also faults, folds or shovels, vertical joints, and some volcanic cones.
Mountain passes, also called passes, refer to saddle-shaped passes on tall peaks or ridges, often formed by erosion.
A valley refers to a large strip-shaped depression in a mountain, which is mainly formed by tectonic action, flowing water or glacial erosion. It is often used as a road through high mountains. According to structure, it can be divided into rift valley, syncline valley, anticlinal valley, etc.
2. The main types of mountain landscapes are
1. Concept: various natural, cultural items or other factors that can attract tourists to generate tourism motivation and may be used to carry out tourism activities. All can be called tourism resources.
Two. Category:
1. Reasons. It refers to the basic reasons and processes for the formation of tourism resources. For example, humanistic tourism resources are formed by human factors; natural tourism resources exist in nature and are formed by natural reasons.
2. Attributes. Attributes refer to the characteristics of an object, including status, actions, relationships, etc. The attributes of tourism resources refer to the nature, characteristics, existence form and status of tourism resources. Such as historical relics, ancient buildings, tombs, gardens, religious culture, towns, social customs, literature and art, etc. Humanistic tourism resources can be divided into different categories due to their different attributes.
3. Function. The function of tourism resources refers to the functions and utility of tourism resources that can meet the needs of tourism activities, such as sightseeing functions, leisure functions, vacation functions, etc. Some tourism resources can meet the needs of various tourism activities and therefore have various tourism functions. According to the different functions of tourism resources, tourism resources can be divided into different categories such as sightseeing, health care, shopping, and participation.
4. Time. Tourism resources can be divided into different categories based on the time of their formation. For example, architectural tourism resources can be divided into ancient buildings and modern buildings according to the time of their formation.
5. Others. According to the different purposes and requirements of classif
6. "Tourism Resource Classification, Survey and Evaluation" A was released by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine in 2003. According to the different nature of tourism resources, they are divided into 8 categories. They are the main categories of landscapes, waterscapes, biological landscapes, astronomical and climatic landscapes, sites, buildings and facilities, tourist goods and human activities. B2. According to the nature, form, functional characteristics and cultural connotation of tourism resources, 31 subcategories and 155 major categories are further divided.
For example, the landscape category can be divided into five subcategories: comprehensive natural tourism destinations, sedimentation and structure, geological and geomorphological processes, natural change relics, and islands and reefs. Geological and geomorphological process subcategories can be divided into convex peaks, single mountains, peak clusters, stone (soil) forests, strange rocks and pictographic stones, rock walls and stone crevices, canyon sections, gullies, Danxia, ??Yadan and stone caves, etc. 14 basic types.
Three. Characteristics
1. Comprehensiveness
The comprehensiveness of tourism resources is first reflected in the fact that tourism resources are a complex of different elements. For example, mountain landscapes consist of towering mountains, woodlands, clouds, etc. The landscape consists of valleys, rivers and woodlands. Some meteorological and astronomical landscapes are the result of many factors, such as rainbows, sunsets, Buddha s-rays, etc. These are the result of the simultaneous action of sunlight and a certain mass of atmosphere. Since these landscape formation factors are relatively uncertain, attention should be paid to the satisfaction of different factors when developing and utilizing them. Humanistic tourism resources also have comprehensive characteristics. For example, ancient villages, as a kind of tourism resource, are formed by the synergy of various material or non-material elements. In summary, they can be called ecological, physical, cultural and modal elements. Ecological factors refer to factors that affect the relationship between villages and the environment, such as feng shui, topography, hydrological conditions, etc. Physical elements refer to the buildings and structure systems in the village, such as archways, residences, ancestral halls, etc. Cultural elements refer to the culture, art, and ideological content of ancient villages, such as plaques, paintings, sculptures, etc. Modal components refer to all aspects of village social life. The above four aspects are indispensable in the formation of the overall landscape of the ancient village. The destruction of one aspect may lead to the destruction of the entire landscape.
The comprehensiveness of tourism resources is also reflected in the development of tourism resources. Since a single resource has limited appeal to tourists, in practice different types of tourism resources are often combined and developed simultaneously to form complementary advantages. For example, the West Lake Scenic Area, although dominated by lakes, also includes a series of resource types such as hills, woodlands, ancient buildings, and ancient bridges. Although these resource types are different, development must obey the same theme and resource types must be coordinated and unified.
It is required that the development and protection of comprehensive tourism resources should have a holistic perspective and use a connected approach to look at problems. In development, we should not miss the forest for the trees and carry out destructive development and construction; we should not adopt piecemeal solutions to problems, but should find solutions to problems through contact.
2. Regionality
Regionality means that the distribution of tourism resources has a certain geographical scope, with regional differences and local color. The regional nature of tourism resources is caused by the following aspects: First, due to the influence of regional differentiation factors (latitude, landform, sea and land location, etc.). ), climate, landforms, hydrology, flora and fauna and other natural environmental factors have regional differences, resulting in the regional nature of natural tourism resources. For example, equatorial rainforest landscapes, desert landscapes on temperate continents, and Antarctic ice sheet landscapes appear in different surface areas. Secondly, because the human landscape has a close relationship with the natural environment, which even showed strong dependence in agricultural society and its previous historical periods, the regional nature of the natural landscape also leads to the regional nature of the human landscape. For example, different ethnic groups have different styles of cultural activities, customs, and houses in villages and towns.
It is the fundamental factor of regional tourism flow. Different places have different natural and cultural environments, and tourists are born with a psychological need for novelty and difference, which allows tourists to travel to other places across space restrictions under certain conditions. In the development of modern tourism, it is required to fully tap the characteristics of resources and develop unique tourism products, because in today's increasingly fierce competition in the tourism market, characteristics are the magic weapon for tourism products to have a market. It can be seen that correctly understanding and evaluating regional tourism resources and highlighting its own characteristics are important aspects of resource development.
The regional nature of tourism resources is also being challenged, especially the regional nature of cultural landscapes is weakening. With the development of science and technology, the standardization of large-scale industrial production has been valued, while local knowledge, local skills and local values ??have been ignored. From a global perspective, with the rise of economic globalization and integration, cultural landscapes are experiencing a process of landscape convergence and disappearance of characteristics.
Therefore, it is urgent to protect the existing characteristic landscape resources rich in humanistic, historical and local information.
3. The immobility of tourism resources
Other resources can be mined, you can mine them yourself, you can mine them with your own products, and they can be exported to other places for use. However, tourism resources are generally fixed and immovable within a region, thus forming a regional monopoly of tourism resources. The immobility of tourism resources can be understood from the following aspects: 1. Natural tourism resources are masterpieces of nature and are formed in a certain natural geographical environment. Due to their large size or close connection with the geographical environment, they have difficulty moving in space. For example, resources such as the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, Hukou Falls, and Guilin landscapes are all generated in specific geographical environments and cannot be relocated or copied by human forces. Secondly, cultural tourism resources are the products of human society under specific geographical environments and specific historical conditions. The value of products is mainly reflected in the richness of human society and historical information. Since such resources are closely related to the environment in which they are generated, artificially cutting off their environmental connections will inevitably affect the integrity, originality and authenticity of the information carried by tourism resources, and reduce the value of the resources. For example, the Great Wall in the towering mountains of China, the Colosseum in the ancient city of Rome, and the pyramids in the vast desert of Egypt are all closely related to their natural and cultural environments; third, under modern economic and technological conditions, famous tourism resources in other places can be imitated , such as miniature landscapes and garden buildings, etc. However, due to being divorced from history and environment, imitation often loses its original charm and significance, and its vitality is very limited.
3. What are the main aspects of the beauty of mountain landscapes
Dear tourist friends, hello everyone, we have come to the famous scenic spot-xx.
Speaking of this, first I have to introduce its scenery. Looking up from here, the nearest row is green, so why is there a layer of yellow in the middle? That's because the tree planted in the middle has changed again. These different trees. The continuous land here forms the different scenery of our mountain. In the same season, there are patches of green and yellow.
In addition to her unique scenery, there are of course historical reasons. Many writers and scholars came here to write historical masterpieces and we could see some of the poets' poems later when we went up.
4. The main characteristics of mountain scenery
Characteristics: beauty, wonder, wonder and fantasy. Huangshan is the hometown of clouds, with peaks as its body and clouds as its clothing. Its majestic sea of ??clouds is famous for its beauty, wonder, wonder and fantasy. It can be seen all year round, especially in winter.
It is one of the important landscapes in the mountain scenery. The so-called sea of ??clouds refers to clouds formed under certain weather conditions. The height of the cloud top is lower than the height of the mountain top. When people kneel to the clouds on the top of the mountain to worship, they see endless clouds, just like on the seaside, with turbulent waves, splashing waves and crashing waves. Therefore, this phenomenon is called the sea of ??clouds. Huangshan can only be seen on 51 days out of 365 days in a year
It is the first wonder of the sea of ??clouds in Huangshan Mountain, and has been known as the sea of ??clouds since ancient times. Among the four wonders of Huangshan, the first one is the sea of ??clouds. It can be seen that the sea of ??clouds is a magical beautician, making this wonderland on earth. Who wouldn't be surprised that a mountain is named after the sea? Wonderful, it looks like the sea but not the sea, the mountains and mountains are illusory with clouds and mist, and there are thousands of images, and there are definitely thousands of them in your imagination!
5. Mountain landscape characteristics
The geological structure of Lushan National Park is complex and is a horst-type fault-block mountain. Its geological formation is about 80,000 years old, and it is the birthplace of China's Quaternary glaciation theory. In the Quaternary, Lushan Mountain rose strongly and the surrounding areas sank relatively, forming various landform types. The northern structure is a valley landform, and the southern and northwest sides form peaks. There are wide valleys and canyons scattered among the mountains, and terraces and terraces are developed on the periphery. As expected of the geopark, the many peculiar peaks, rocks, waterfalls and caves form a unique and magnificent mountain scenery.
6. The tourism value of mountainous landscapes
Answer: Hushan is located in the west of Baoding City and the northernmost part of Quyang County. Because there is a huge rock on the top, it looks like a bird ready to go. Named after the tiger. The main peak, Gubei Mountain, connects Sanjianliang with the famous Hengshan Mountain, with an altitude of over 1,100 meters. It borders Tang County and Fuping, forming a three-county area with a scenic area of ??more than 20 square kilometers.
Hushan has always been hidden deep in the Taihang Mountains, with undulating peaks and undulating peaks. It has been inaccessible for many years, and its natural ecology has maintained its original flavor. Zhongshan has a humid climate, the air is extremely fresh, and the mist is steaming, like rain, like a veil. It is praised by tourists as a natural oxygen bar. Wild animals such as gazelles, squirrels, and various birds appear in the mountains from time to time. The top ten scenic spots in Hushan are: Bird Watching Creek, Qiushui Temple, Jinshui Spring, Miners Living Area, Sanlian Waterfall, Fairy Waterfall, Wishing Tree, Sky Meadow, Sanjianliang and Taojin Cave.
7. Aesthetic characteristics of mountain landscapes
Combined with the characteristics of ecological beauty, and based on the nature and laws of ecological beauty, the aesthetic realm is analyzed. The realm of eco-tourism can be divided into three categories: pleasing to the eye, refreshing and relaxing. level.
Facing the ecological beauty of beautiful mountains and clear waters, lush vegetation, towering mountains, vast grasslands, chirping birds and insects, and folk songs, tourists will first get an aesthetic experience based on the ears and eyes, which combines physical comfort and emotional pleasure. In the blending, one enters the realm of pleasing image beauty, thereby obtaining a primary aesthetic realm.
On the basis of experiencing the beauty of the eyes and ears, the further step is to understand the style and connotation of the aesthetic object, obtain aesthetic enjoyment and emotional sublimation, achieve a state of pleasure that pursues reality with beauty, and gain the meaning of pleasing the soul. On the basis of understanding the ecological laws and mechanisms, we have a deeper understanding of the relationship between all things in nature.
The aesthetic level of spiritual pleasure is the way for ecotourists to stimulate their spiritual will through psychological interaction of perception, imagination, emotional sublimation and enlightenment in the process of experiencing, appreciating, participating in and perceiving the beauty of natural ecology and humanistic ecology. The state of excitement and pleasure produces ethical and moral ecological values.
It embodies the Great Enlightenment, is guided by beauty, transcends the self, and builds an ecological ethics that respects life, respects nature, and cares for nature. This state helps to enhance the awareness of ecological protection.
The aesthetic behavior of ecotourists is a comprehensive practical activity, which has important practical significance for understanding nature, enlightening thinking, purifying the soul, sublimating personality, and protecting the environment.
8. What are the main aspects of mountain landscape?
Baishishan Mountain is located in Laiyuan County, Baoding City, Hebei Province, more than 200 kilometers away from Beijing. Baishan Scenic Area, also known as Baishishan Global Geopark, is named after its numerous white marbles, which embody the majestic, peculiar and precipitous mountain landscape. This mountain is very high, with three peaks, six terraces, nine valleys and eighty-one peaks. The main ridgeline is more than 7,000 meters long, and
9. What are the dimensions of mountain landscape appreciation?
Mount Tai is characterized by faults, and its structure is an upturned fault block. There are both Precambrian structures and Mesozoic and Cenozoic structures. Mount Tai's mountains are thickly stacked, supplemented by pine trees, boulders and surrounding smoke and clouds, forming a magnificent scene of solemnity and magic. Ganoderma lucidum, Polygonum multiflorum. Local specialties such as chestnuts and walnuts are famous throughout the country. More than 20 ancient buildings and more than 2,200 stone tablets scattered on the mountain make Atai Mountain a rare tourist attraction in the world that integrates history, culture and nature.
The Mount Tai Scenic Area is most famous for its four major attractions: Taishan Sunrise, Sea of ??Clouds Jade Plate, Sunset, and Yellow River Golden Belt. It is now divided into six parts: quiet area, open area, Olympic area, exciting area, exhibition area and beautiful area. Visitors can take the three ropeways centered on Dai Ding to climb the mountain, or they can pack up their bags and get close to nature and go hiking. Mount Tai is the only famous mountain sealed by the emperor. In addition, Buddhism and Taoism have long traditions in China and have flourished here. Mount Tai has attracted many domestic and foreign tourists with its unique scenery and cultural connotations. It can be said that climbing Mount Tai makes the world smaller.
Mount Taishan is a dual heritage of world culture and nature. It is a world geological park, a national key cultural relics protection unit, a national key scenic spot and a national AAAAA tourist attraction. Mount Tai is located in Anshi, Shandong Province, in the middle of Mount Tai. Its main peak, Yuhuangding, is 1,545 meters above sea level. It is magnificent and is known as the first of the five mountains and the first mountain in the world. In the traditional culture of the Han people, Mount Tai has always had the Five Sacred Mountains. Since Qin Shihuang granted Mount Tai a title, emperors of all dynasties have continued to offer sacrifices to Zen Buddhism on Mount Tai, and built temples and carved inscriptions on Mount Tai.
10. Reasons for the formation of mountainous landscapes
Definition
There is no universally accepted definition of mountains.
Height, volume, slope, and other intervals and continuity of mountains are used to define mountains.
In the Chinese dictionary, the definition of mountain is a raised part of the ground made of soil and rocks.
Whether a mountain is called a mountain or not depends on the local people. The highest point in San Francisco, California is called Mount Davidson, although it is only 300 meters tall. The height of Mount Scott near Lawton, Oklahoma, from the surrounding area to the top is 251 meters.
The only mountain in Shouguang is located between Sunjiaji and Majiazhuang, 8 kilometers southwest of the county. It is named Jingshan because it has not risen for a long time. The longest point from east to west is 1.24 meters, and the widest point from north to south is 0.7 meters. It is high in the north and low in the south. The highest point is 0.6 meters above the ground, and the lowest point is only 0.1 meters.
The definition of a mountain by the United Nations Environment Program includes:
The highest point is at least 2,500 meters higher than the base.
The highest point is 1500m-2500m higher than the bottom, and the slope is greater than 2 degrees.
The highest point is 1000m-1500m higher than the bottom, and the slope is greater than 5 degrees.
The local altitude (radius 7 kilometers) is more than 300 meters, 300-1000 meters.
According to this definition, mountain ranges cover 33% of Eurasia, 19% of South America, 24% of South America, and 14% of Africa[7]. As a whole, 24 of the U.S. regions of the planet are mountainous, and 10 percent of people live in mountainous areas. Most of the world's rivers come from mountains, and half of the population relies on mountain water.
The 50 highest mountains on earth are all in Asia.
Planetary geology deals with the mountainous regions of the planet. In this discipline, mountains are often called montes (singular mons). The highest mountain in the solar system is Olympus Mons on Mars, with an altitude of 21,229 meters.
Form
Mountains are formed by volcanism or continental drift (plate collision) resulting in folds, fractures, uplift, sedimentation, erosion and other geographical factors. For example, in the Himalayas, the Eurasian plate and the Indo-Australian plate collided with each other, causing the plates to squeeze; the Appalachian Mountains on the east coast of North America are ancient continental terrains that were eroded to form what they are now.
Climate
See: Mountain climate
Mountain climates become cooler at higher altitudes due to the combined effects of convection and radiation. The temperature drops by about 0.6 degrees per 100 meters, and the altitude rises by about 0.5 degrees per 100 meters.
Mountains with a large height difference from the top of the mountain often have diverse ecological environments. From the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, there will be different ecological landscapes or biospheres due to different altitudes. It is formed mainly because flora and fauna within a specific altitude range cannot live above or below the area (due to unfavorable climate), resulting in biota appearing only on mountains at specific heights. Generally speaking, this is the result of microclimate.
The cooler climate on the mountain will affect the animals and plants living on the mountain. Specific animals and plants generally tend to grow in specific climate environments. Therefore, with different altitudes and climates, different ecosystems will appear, which are altitude zones. In some areas with a dry climate, there is more rainfall and lower temperatures in the mountains, which also intensifies the altitude segmentation.
Some animals and plants in the altitude division will only appear in a certain area, because areas with higher and lower altitudes are not suitable for the migration of animals and plants and the reproduction and growth of organisms. Such a situation is generally called an island in the sky.
Altitude divisions usually have a fixed form. At the highest altitudes, trees can grow with or without other life. This area has an alpine climate, similar to the tundra. Below the tree line is a subalpine climate with coniferous forest plants that are cold and drought tolerant. At the lowest altitudes there are montane forests, usually dominated by coniferous forests, but in tropical areas there are broadleaf forests and even rainforests.
Mountains and People
Mountain areas are not suitable for human habitation, so most people prefer to live on flat land (unless necessary), because the climate in mountainous areas is usually very bad, and the terrain may It cannot develop into a big city under the restrictions, but the mountainous areas with gentle slopes are still suitable for farming. At high altitudes, there are even fewer people living there because of the lack of oxygen and susceptibility to UV rays.
In addition, once people living in low-altitude areas stay for more than a few hours at an altitude of more than 3,500 meters, more than 40 to 50% of them will develop mountain sickness (a disease caused by low oxygen concentration in high-altitude areas). ).
In modern times, the primary use of mountains is for human recreation, while other minor uses include logging, mining, or grazing. Some peaks offer views to people. But the possibility of reaching a mountain peak is affected by its height, slope, latitude, topography, climate and other factors. Roads and cable cars are common facilities, making it easier to reach the top of the mountain. Recreational activities offered in the mountains include hiking, climbing, camping, rock climbing, ice climbing, grass skiing, skiing, snowboarding, and more.