Calculators, tape measures and carpenters
1. Use a special tape measure.
Usually the scale is 10 cm, but the actual length is only 9 cm, and 10% is missing. Buy 3000 yuan of wood at a time, and virtually earn more 300 yuan. Carpenters generally know, but they can't say.
2. Calculation of volume
Even if you go to buy wood with a carpenter, you may not always calculate the volume of wood according to the whole process. At this time, JS often directly multiplies the length of wood by the width, and reports the area as the volume to the user. Therefore, buying wood may cost twice as much. For example, wood with a length of 4m, a width of 0.25m and a thickness of 0.05m should be calculated as 4 * 0.25 * 0.05 = 0.05m3, but if you are negligent, it will be calculated as 4 * 0.25 = 0. 1 m3, which is twice the difference. There are still many tricks in this calculation method.
3. If the wood thickness is less than 0.05 m, it is calculated as 0.05 m, which is euphemistically called "guild regulations".
If the buyer doesn't bring his own calculator, even if he does, he won't doubt that the calculator is fake or remote control. The remote control is usually in your pocket. When the calculator is running, press the remote control once to add 10%, and press the remote control twice to add 20%. If they use a calculator prepared in advance, the result will be the same as long as the other party presses the same number of times.
5. Woodworking
Woodworkers receive kickbacks when buying wood and plates.
According to the statistics of JS, which sells wood, 99% of carpenters take kickbacks, and 1% of them have disputes or even fights with sellers. As long as they see that the seller used the above method when buying, they can turn around and get the rebate after going out. Two: it's harder for you to figure out the fishy eye in sales!
Besides wood, there are many factors, such as formaldehyde content (formaldehyde is one of the ten items explicitly prohibited by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision in 2002). The formaldehyde in the board mainly comes from glue, and the formaldehyde content of some inferior boards exceeds the national standard 100%, which is as much as ten yuan lower than that of the board with standard glue, which is very harmful to human body. If the wood used to make the keel is not dry, it will cause the upper floor to arch and paint.
Some JS sell low-priced boards at high prices. For example, Wanxiang brand joinery boards can be divided into 60 yuan and 78 yuan, while JS can sell 60 yuan/Zhang boards in 78 yuan. Ordinary consumers do not have these discriminating abilities.
"Joint Marketing Alliance" in Sales
Mainly refers to some vendors of wood and board, mostly fellow villagers or friends, who gather in a certain area in order to obtain higher profits and bite high prices quite tacitly. Even if you asked your family in the past, it was almost the same price, so they agreed with this high price and thought that the market price was like this and was slaughtered.
"Playing hard to get" in sales
The wily JS can easily understand the buyer's psychology, so as to get high profits by playing hard to get. For example, you know that the price of a universal joinery board is 60 yuan, but you never know the price of density board, gypsum board, decorative board and three-five-fold board. JS sells Wanxiang blockboard to you at a price of 55% to gain trust, and then sells MDF at a price of 80 yuan/Zhang (actually 40 yuan). The more you buy, the greater the loss.
Carpenter's trick
People often take honest carpenters to buy wood, but they don't know that black-hearted carpenters secretly take kickbacks. Usually, a carpenter will walk around the market. You think he is looking at the wood, but in fact he is feeling the rebate rate, and an agreement can be reached with one look.
Bad Potter
I bought plates, and I'm going to transport them upstairs. Usually, the current decoration team claims to be skilled workers, and few people do the work of moving wood. So often before buying wood, the foreman will "remind" you to find a good porter in the market. When buying wood, there will be many porters staring like flies, and they often can't help negotiating porters' money at a very low price.
But when the wood is transported downstairs and the porter moves 20% of the goods, something will happen. Or too many things, low wages, starting from the ground, starting on the spot, the handling fee will double, especially useful when the weather changes and it looks like rain; Or if the wood is too long to move, ask the carpenter to cut it short before moving it, but if you insert 100 yuan, the company commander can move the wood; Or hungry and thirsty, can't move. Porters usually come from the same place in a certain area. Even if you don't use it, no one can use it, because they are all fellow villagers. Three: The large core board is a building material that every family needs to decorate, and it is also the most prone to problems. Almost all consumers will go to major building materials cities to make repeated comparisons before they dare to choose, but they may fall into new confusion-can the quality of large core boards be guaranteed?
Some consumers may have this experience. It didn't take long for the furniture and doors made of large core boards to deform. I thought that the decorator would be fine after repairing it. As a result, the repair is getting worse and worse. Not only is it deformed, but there are more and more blisters and discolorations, and the pungent smell is getting heavier and heavier. They found a decoration company and thought that the core board was provided by consumers themselves, and the deformation of furniture was not a problem of production technology, but the poor quality of the core board itself. The consumer found the distributor of the large core board again, but they thought that the product was ok, and took out the test report of the product, and all the indicators were qualified, no problem. Therefore, consumers are puzzled: why is it difficult to guarantee the quality of qualified large core boards?
After interviewing in the building materials market, the author found that almost every large core board dealer will hang a certificate in Chinese or foreign language on the wall to prove its quality. When some consumers doubt those certificates, most dealers will come up with various versions of quality inspection reports to prove how excellent and environmentally friendly their products are. Let's take a look at the test report of the big core board, which is also varied. Some are marked for inspection and only responsible for samples. Some are marked as batch inspection of products, while others are sampling inspection of a batch of products; Testing units have their own advantages, various associations, health departments, large and small testing centers. What is the mystery of these dazzling certificates and test reports?
According to the person in charge of the National Wood-based Panel Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, the inspection of building materials products can be divided into sampling inspection (sampling inspection) and inspection (entrusted inspection), and the entrusted inspection report will indicate "only responsible for incoming samples". But what consumers need to know is that most of the test reports of building materials products on the market are submitted for inspection. The disadvantage of this inspection method is that enterprises will inevitably take the best products to test, and the possibility of purchasing other high-quality products to test is not ruled out. In this way, the testing indexes of the products submitted by the manufacturer and the products sold may not be completely consistent. Sampling inspection can avoid this problem and is a real "umbrella" for consumers. At present, six imported brands, namely, Jiarui, Baili, Dehejia, Kangcai, Pule and Montblanc, have taken the lead in refusing to inspect the wooden floors sold in Beijing, and consciously accepted the random inspection by the National Wood-based Panel Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, and those that do not meet the standards will not be sold. The sampling results show that all the sampling products of these six brands meet the standard, and the formaldehyde emission is lower than the national standard. Consumers are advised to choose building materials products that have been tested by national authoritative testing institutions and issued sampling inspection certificates.
Professor Yang Meixin, a wood expert from Beijing Forestry University, suggested that consumers should choose truly high-quality products while reading the test report of large core board.
First of all, look at environmental protection: according to the requirements of the National Formaldehyde Emission Limit of Interior Decoration Materials, Wood-based Panels and Their Products, the formaldehyde emission of building materials directly used indoors must be less than or equal to1.5 mg/L. If the formaldehyde emission is less than or equal to 5mg/l, it must be covered before it can be used indoors. If the formaldehyde emission exceeds 5 mg per liter, it is not up to standard. The large core board is divided into E 1 grade and E2 grade according to the limit of harmful substances. Only E 1 grade core boards can be used for home decoration. Even if the E2 grade core board is a qualified product, its formaldehyde content may be more than 3 times that of E 1 grade core board, so it must not be used for home decoration. However, it is worth mentioning that if the dosage of E 1 grade large core board is too large, it will also cause excessive accumulation of formaldehyde. Secondly, look at its internal wood: it is appropriate to use joinery boards that are not too broken and have gaps of about 3 mm between the wood. Look at the moisture content of wood: when the moisture content is higher than the environmental equilibrium moisture content (the average annual moisture content in Beijing is 1 1.4%), the wood will dry and shrink, otherwise it will absorb moisture and expand.
For ordinary consumers, there is also a simple way to look at the price. At present, the unit price of large core boards in the market is mostly distributed between 55 yuan-140 yuan, so it is difficult to guarantee the quality of low-priced products. According to the technical experts of Dalian Penghong Wood Industry, the core board looks simple, but in fact it needs very high production technology. In the process of making truly high-quality large core board, not only enough space is needed to allow wood enough time for adaptive natural drying, but also strict drying process control is needed. Especially after the implementation of the national standard "Limit of Harmful Substances in Decorative Materials", the adhesives used for large core boards must be improved. Only the cost of large-scale core board manufacturers will increase by about 10%, coupled with the rising price of raw materials, it can be said that it is impossible to manufacture a real green core board of 50 to 60 yuan. The e 1 grade core board that meets the national standard is already very meager in 90 yuan. Therefore, it is best for consumers to buy in the regular market and choose the products of manufacturers with "after-sales service quality cards". Because wood is the main material in home decoration, the purchase volume is large, so you should be cautious when buying, blindly greedy for small and cheap, and you will find yourself suffering a big loss after decoration. It is best to bring experienced people or professional buyers, or you can entrust a decoration company to buy one of the four comprehensive analysis articles on the tricky sales of wood and plates.
1. Blockboard refers to the splicing machine and the general flat splicing! The price difference is about 10 yuan/piece.
2. Decorative boards are divided into nature and technology! The effect of technical wood is not real! Moreover, craft wood is cheaper than natural wood by more than 20 yuan/piece.
3. The thickness of blockboard is different! Generally, the price is low and the thickness is insufficient! Only about 1.6! (There are four kinds of manufacturers: 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, each with first-class, second-class and third-class products. )
4. Environmental standards: national standards E 1 and E2! The E0 standard may be added recently! Different standard prices vary greatly! The effect of actual use is mainly manifested in the concentration of formaldehyde!
5. Some JS provide you with a performance fingerboard! In other words, there are only 1 rows of fingers around! The middle is generally flat! Price difference 10 yuan/each!
6. The thickness of the veneer is also different! Generally, the board is about 2.5mm! 3.0-3.5mm thick plate! The main difference is that it curls unexpectedly before receiving the post! One-sided stickers indicate that the blockboard is deformed!
7. Keels Sometimes JS will recommend you how cheap keels he has to seduce you! Other keels will have broken roots! So cheap! When calculating the wood square, sometimes JS will calculate 3.5cm as 5 or 6cm! Even if the price he gave you is very low, it is normal to calculate 3.5 as 4 and 4.5 as 5, which will push your price up to several hundred per cubic meter!
Friendly reminder:
Everyone TX: in the process of buying! If you bring a carpenter, because in many cases, the carpenter will ask the supplier for a kickback. If you don't give it, the carpenter will ask the landlord to buy it at another home for various reasons until the supplier is willing to provide a rebate! So friendship reminds everyone to pay attention! Whenever you buy something, you should judge and analyze whether the goods you want to buy are worth the price you will pay and whether there is the possibility of being cheated. To avoid being jointly calculated by carpenters and JS!
In short, the water on the plate is deep! There is no certain foundation! Try not to venture to the big market for gold! Many people regret it after buying it! It is recommended to buy it in a big supermarket! Special reminder: Never bring carpentry! (Except, of course, a carpenter with good character), if the carpenter goes, don't let him easily influence your decision! You can listen to his advice, but you must add your own judgment and analysis when making a decision.
Five: Two or three tricks teach you how to skillfully choose qualified veneers.
Nowadays, when people decorate, they also use veneers more. Because the veneer on the veneer surface and the substrate, as well as the veneers on each layer of the substrate, are bonded by adhesive, the evaluation of the decorative board is mainly based on its bonding performance, including surface bonding strength, immersion peeling, substrate bonding strength, in addition to water content and formaldehyde emission.
Bonding strength of veneer
The bonding strength of veneer can be divided into two types: the bonding strength between surface and substrate. Its surface bonding strength is an important criterion to measure the bonding performance between veneer and substrate. According to the national standard, the surface bonding degree of moderate parts in the test should be not less than 0.5MPa, and the ratio of qualified specimens to effective specimens should be not less than 80%. The higher the proportion, the higher the surface bonding strength of the product; If the surface bonding strength is low, there is a great possibility of glue opening between the surface veneer and the substrate during use.
Dip stripping
Impregnation peeling reflects the adhesion between the veneer on the surface of the product and the layers of the substrate. Its principle is that after the specimen is soaked and dried, the adhesive layer is subjected to the stress of wet expansion and dry contraction, so the adhesive performance is judged according to whether the adhesive layer is peeled off or not. If the impregnation peeling performance is poor, it will lead to the phenomenon of glue opening between the surface veneer and the substrate, and between the veneers of the substrate.
Moisture content and formaldehyde emission
After testing the bonding strength, it is also important to see whether the moisture content and formaldehyde of the board exceed the standard.
General veneer requires a certain moisture content, and it is suitable to use veneer with low moisture content in places with relatively low humidity; On the contrary, plates with higher moisture content should be used. If the moisture content of the board is low, it is easy to crack, warp and deform after moisture absorption in places with high humidity. According to relevant regulations, the moisture content of veneer should be between 6%- 14%.
Secondly, the latest national standard of formaldehyde emission is ≤ 5 mg/L, which is the index of material reaching the standard. At present, urea glue is still the main adhesive used in decorative boards, and the residual formaldehyde that does not participate in the reaction will gradually be released into the surrounding environment.
Only by doing the above can we choose qualified veneers in the selection.
Six: the thorny point in the story of "discount"
Common package combinations include sink with faucet, cooker with range hood, toilet with washbasin, etc. Can these packages really benefit consumers? Insiders pointed out that in regular building materials supermarkets, the preferential price of packages is credible, and consumers also buy building materials. The cost of purchasing alone is indeed more than that of purchasing in sets. However, in a few non-standard markets, packages may become synonymous with price traps, because the products supplied by these markets are often mixed, and some vendors mix brand-name building materials with inferior building materials, such as brand-name water heaters with inferior cookers, imported sinks with inferior brands and so on. Consumers are often confused by low prices and passively accept inferior products they don't want to buy. And sellers make profits by making profits from famous brand products and making money from inferior products.
There will be a discount after the price increases. This is the favorite of merchants and the most gullible trick for consumers. Many merchants often increase the unit price of some items by 10% to 20%, and then use posters to promote price discounts. Last year, the reporter saw a toilet in the southern building materials market, which was priced at 860 yuan at that time. In April this year, this toilet advertised and announced a "50% discount", but the price after the "50% discount" was 9 10 yuan!
Steal the beam and replace the column. Some businesses are good at fiddling with specifications and models, playing a very low discount on the surface, and shoddy goods when actually delivered, while the building materials market is extremely rich in categories, and consumers are often kept in the dark.
Discount is not good for everyone.
Discount is used to attract customers, which is understandable and one of the commercial means. But if the whole industry is discounted, it is very abnormal. The agent of a famous building materials brand told reporters that the vicious competition caused by the prevalence of discounts is not good for both buyers and sellers.
Why do you say that? The source said that, first of all, discount merchants treat consumers differently. For example, customers who combine hard and soft can get a 60% discount, while buyers who have no time to travel back and forth can only get a 20% discount. Secondly, giving discounts to buyers and sellers wastes a lot of time and energy and increases the cost. For example, the consumer bargained for a set of sanitary ware and went to the specialty store no less than 10 times in three months, which not only cost him dozens of hours and a lot of transportation expenses, but also consumed a lot of working time of the sales staff. Finally, the discount wind is also easy to cause confusion in the market price system and pose a threat to the survival and development of enterprises. For example, a building materials brand familiar to southern consumers, due to the implementation of the marketing system of multiple agents in a region, several agents turned from infighting to vicious price reduction, from 20% to 7% and 6.5%, and finally there was no profit for each other. Up to now, this brand has almost withdrawn from the southern market.
Seven: stealing the beam and replacing the column.
Some decoration companies can easily change the materials ordered by consumers, such as buying tiles and changing packaging, showing you first-class products, but getting second-class products when picking up goods; Or the box is marked with first-class goods, and it is filled with second-class goods; For example, I chose 100 yuan/square meter board, but 30 yuan/square meter board was used for decoration.
Countermeasure: read the invoice clearly and pay attention to the merchant and article number on it. In addition, in order to prevent the parcel from being transferred, it is necessary to unpack and inspect the goods one by one and watch the loading get on the bus. For careful consumers, bringing their own calculators and measuring tools is also a good way to prevent being cheated.
Eight: short of Jin and two.
This phenomenon often appears on a large number of small auxiliary materials, such as battens and tiles. In real life, it often happens that merchants take out several pieces from several boxes of accessories purchased by customers. Because of the large number of boxes, customers will not check them one by one and generally can't find them.
Countermeasures: count in time. However, it is difficult for consumers to check paint and other accessories, which are quantified by volume. Therefore, consumers are advised to choose products from well-known brands and regular manufacturers.
Nine: refer to a deer as a horse.
Most consumers have no professional knowledge of building materials, and often have a little knowledge, so they can't match the professional names and popular names of building materials. Therefore, it is a common practice for merchants to confuse consumers with similar names. For example, merchants may confuse birch and cherry with similar colors but completely different textures to deceive consumers.
Countermeasures: In addition to learning more knowledge about building materials at ordinary times, the seller must be required to indicate the name, grade and brand of the floor in the receipt certificate when purchasing, and ask for the quality responsibility list. If it is found to be false, you can complain accordingly. In addition, consumers can choose reliable brand-name building materials suppliers, and the building materials needed for decoration can be purchased at one time, which can save a lot of expenses and guarantee after-sales service. It is a very cost-effective choice.
Ten: the difficulty of marble
1, confuse the real with the fake
Sichuan red is dyed with 663, and the price difference is 100 yuan/square. The identification of dyed paperboard depends on the side of the paperboard. If it is the same color as the board (not polished), it is dyed. Generally, the undyed side is white, and the dyed board looks dull and will fade after a long time.
2, the production method is different
Marble lines are generally ground with waste materials, with high cost and good quality. However, some JS lines are ground after being pasted with plates, with poor concave-convex feeling, but the price is much lower.
3, grinding edge
Edge grinding requires a good process, which is usually done by the master of the stone factory, while some material suppliers use coolies to grind, with uneven results and different glossiness, and the cost is quite low.
Edge grinding can be divided into water grinding and dry grinding. Water mill quality is good, dry grinding quality is poor, and gloss is even worse. JS put the oil in the dry grinding place, hoping to achieve the effect of water milling and get higher profits.
4. Different places of origin
Take Dahua Green as an example. Made in China, made in Taiwan Province Province and made in Greece, with different prices. The shop looks imported, but it's actually made in China for you. It is also a big flower, and the dark one is more expensive than the light one. This is also a place to play tricks.
Step 5 repair
Some boards are defective, JS uses pencil to add color and wax, and some boards have tiny cracks. JS uses marble glue to repair them, so that the secondary board can be sold at the price of the first-class board.