Ancient Greek polis

From the 8th century BC to the 6th century BC, the ancient Greek city-states gradually formed. City-state refers to a state form in ancient Greece, which is generally centered on a city, including its surrounding village communities. The main body of city-state residents is the collective male citizens who have the right to participate in politics. The biggest city-states are Sparta and Athens. Fighting with each other was costly, and after the late 5th century BC, ancient Greece was weak.

Sparta covers an area of 8,400 square kilometers, about half that of Beijing, and has a population of about 400,000. At its peak, there were 9,000 male citizens. The territory of Athens is about 2,550 square kilometers, which is about one seventh of that of Beijing. It has a population of 200,000-300,000, with 30,000-40,000 male citizens at most. Ancient Greece was more of a small country with a population of 20,000 to 20,000, which was only the size of a town in China.

Therefore, its main characteristics are small countries and few people, and the States have long been independent and autonomous. Every city-state is an independent sovereign state, and the relations between countries are generally equal neighbors. The autonomy of the city-state belongs to the citizens of each state more or less. According to the size of citizens' right to participate in politics in the citizens' assembly, city-state governments can be divided into several types, among which aristocratic system and democratic system are the most popular in ancient Greek city-States. The so-called city-state citizens do not refer to all adult citizens, but to male members who have citizenship and have the right to participate in the citizens' assembly. In addition to nobility and democracy, ancient Greek city-states also had monarchy, oligarchy and tyrant. The citizen politics implemented by the ancient Greek city-states enabled the citizens of the city-states to enjoy full political rights. In particular, the democracy in Athens provided valuable experience for future generations. Maritime transportation is convenient, and commercial trade makes the city prosperous.

Democracy in Athens: ① All male citizens' assembly ② "500-member parliament" ③ Officials draw lots ④ Jurors draw lots ⑤ Tao Exile Law guarantees democracy.

Evaluation of democratic system (essence): ① Make citizens actively participate in and discuss state affairs; Based on slavery, slaves, women and foreigners, who account for the majority of the population, have no political rights. Spartan military: ① obeying military needs all one's life; ② The boy started military training at the age of seven; 3 girls should also practice running and throwing spears.