What are the Putonghua textual research tests?

The Standard of Putonghua Proficiency Test promulgated by the State Language Committee is a unified standard of Putonghua proficiency level in China. Putonghua level is divided into three levels and six levels, namely, one, two and three levels, and each level is divided into two levels: A and B; The first grade is the highest and the third grade is the lowest. Candidates' Putonghua level is determined according to the test results. The standard of Putonghua proficiency test is: when reading aloud and talking freely, the pronunciation standard, vocabulary and grammar are correct, the intonation is natural and the expression is smooth. The total loss rate is less than 3%. When reading aloud and talking freely, the pronunciation standard, vocabulary and grammar are correct, the tone is natural and the expression is smooth. Occasionally there will be mistakes in pronunciation and tone. The total loss rate is less than 8%. When reading aloud and talking freely, the pronunciation of phonology is basically standard, the tone is natural and the expression is smooth. Several difficult pronunciations (flat tongue, front and back nasal sounds, lateral nasal sounds, etc.). ) sometimes I make mistakes. Lexical and grammatical errors are rare. The total loss rate is within 13%. When reading aloud and speaking freely, individual values are not accurate, and vowel pronunciation is not in place. There are many difficult sounds (flat tongue, front and back nasal sounds, lateral nasal sounds, Fu Hu, z-zh -j, aspirated but not aspirated, i- ü undifferentiated, voiced stops reserved, voiced stops fricative, voiced stops lost, vowels monosyllabic, etc.). ), and there are many mistakes. Dialect intonation is not obvious, and sometimes dialect words and dialect grammar are used. The total loss rate is less than 20%. When reading aloud and talking freely, there are many mistakes in vowel pronunciation, and it is difficult to exceed the common range of vowels, and the tone value is inaccurate. Dialect intonation is obvious. There are mistakes in vocabulary and grammar. The total loss rate is less than 30%. When reading aloud and talking freely in class B, there are many pronunciation errors in pronunciation and intonation, and the dialect features are prominent. Dialect intonation is obvious. There are many mistakes in vocabulary and grammar. Outsiders can't understand his conversation. The total loss rate is less than 40%. Edit the test outline of this paragraph "PSC Outline" is promulgated by the State Language Committee, which is a unified national Putonghua proficiency test outline. The contents of the Putonghua proficiency test paper all come from the outline. Outline content 1, Putonghua phonetic analysis, concise and accurate description and introduction of Putonghua phonology, in order to guide readers to learn Putonghua. This part of the content does not belong to the scope of testing. 2. Common words (thesaurus) are provided, which are arranged in table 1 and table 2. Table 1 is compiled according to some words in the Syllabus of Chinese Proficiency Vocabulary and Chinese Character Grades published by the Office of Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language and the Chinese Proficiency Examination Department, with a total of ***8455 items. Table 2 selects some common words in Modern Chinese Dictionary compiled by the Dictionary Editorial Office of Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, *** 15496. These words can basically meet the needs of general oral communication and correct reading of general written materials, and are one of the testing fields. During the test, there are two test items: reading monosyllabic words and reading disyllabic words. Among them, 60% of the words are selected from table 1 and 40% from table 2. 3. Some common words and short sentences that are inconsistent with Mandarin in dialect areas are provided. In the test, some parts are selected to evaluate the examinee's mastery of Chinese vocabulary. 4. Provide 50 reading materials numbered 1-50 in turn for reading test. During the exam, candidates randomly selected 2 numbers, of which 1 was determined for the exam. 5. List the question 1-50 as an oral test topic. During the test, the examinee randomly selects two numbers and determines 1 topic for oral test. 6. In the general introduction, the Outline of Putonghua Proficiency Test also expounds the requirements and characteristics of Putonghua Proficiency Test, and stipulates the requirements for writing test papers and the scoring method of Putonghua Proficiency Test. Therefore, those who take part in the Putonghua proficiency test must first learn and master the contents of the outline and carry out necessary training before they can take the test according to the basic conditions. Introduction to the Test Paper The Putonghua proficiency test paper consists of five test items, with a total score of 100. (1), read 100 monosyllabic words for 3 minutes, accounting for 10. Objective To investigate the pronunciation of initials, finals and tones in Mandarin. (2) Read 50 disyllabic words in 3 minutes, accounting for 20 points. Objective To examine not only the pronunciation of tone, rhyme and tone of candidates, but also the pronunciation of tone sandhi, rhyme and light tone. (3) The judgment test is limited to 3 minutes, accounting for 10. The purpose is to test the examinee's mastery of vocabulary and grammar in Putonghua. (4) Read a 400-word essay, with a time limit of 4 minutes, accounting for 30 points. The purpose is to examine the ability of candidates to read written materials in Putonghua, focusing on pronunciation, inflection and intonation. (5) Speak for at least 3 minutes, accounting for 30 points. The purpose is to examine the degree to which candidates can speak Mandarin without written support. Grade certificate candidates can obtain the national Putonghua proficiency test grade certificate after passing the test, which is uniformly produced by the State Language Committee. Candidates' test scores and corresponding grades will be recorded on the certificate. The certificate is national and valid for 5 years. After the expiration of the validity period, a new grade certificate needs to be obtained through testing. Edit the registration method of this paragraph. City Test Center organizes the announcers, program hosts and people from all walks of life who voluntarily accept the Putonghua proficiency test in this city's radio and television system to conduct the Putonghua proficiency test. The radio and television system announcer, program host Putonghua test by the administrative department of radio and television unified organization registration; The OAU Putonghua proficiency test for people from all walks of life is organized every two months, and the candidates themselves register at the municipal testing center. When registering, you should bring your ID card, work permit (student ID) and a recent two-inch bareheaded registration photo. The Office of the Language and Literature Working Committee of each district and county (hereinafter referred to as the Language Committee Office) organizes teachers and other relevant personnel in this district and county to conduct Putonghua proficiency tests, generally twice a year. Before the exam, the district and county language Committee office will register at the city test center. Special reminder: According to the document of the State Language Committee, those who sign up for the Putonghua proficiency test must not have taken the Putonghua proficiency test in the first five months. In other words, the interval between two Putonghua proficiency tests should not be less than 5 months. Test scope and test method of Putonghua proficiency test outline: scope * * * 50 sets of Putonghua proficiency test questions in Shandong Province compiled by Shandong Language and Literature Working Committee. * * * Four parts: 1, reading 100 monosyllabic words, * * 10 points 2, reading 50 disyllabic words, ***20 points 3, reading aloud (selected by drawing lots) * * 30 points 4, speaking (selected by drawing lots) * *. The purpose of the flat syllable word test is to examine the pronunciation scoring rules of candidates' initials, finals and tones: the score of this content is *** 10. Deduct 0. 1 point for each mispronounced sound, vowel or tone, and deduct 0.05 point for each word with defective pronunciation. Candidates can read it again if they make a mistake. Definition of error and defect (1), error: reading one initial, vowel or tone into another sound or rhyme, or reading according to the pronunciation of dialect. For example: initial consonant error: such as reading Z C S as ZH CH SH or ZH CH SH as Z C S, etc. Vowel errors: for example, pronounce O as E (bo-be) and ing eng ong as ying-yong. Tone error: Putonghua has four tones, so it is wrong for candidates to keep the dialect tone. (2) Defect: refers to the transitional state of one or more syllable components in syllable pronunciation from dialect to Mandarin. (that is, although not pronounced as another, the pronunciation position is not accurate) Initial defects: For example, after the tip of the tongue sounds zh, ch and sh, although not pronounced before the tip of the tongue sounds Z, C and S, the pronunciation position is too high, which is quite different from the pronunciation value of the Mandarin initial. When reading, the tongue sounds j, q, x are too close to z, c, s, and the tip of the tongue rubs. Such as Penglai, Weihai and Wendeng areas: essence (spirit), (interest) and appearance (appearance). Vowel defect: For example, the tongue movement of polyphonic vowels is obviously insufficient, which does not reflect the sliding process. (that is, the vowel gradual change is not enough in the process of compounding, which saves some pronunciation changes. ) such as cotton-padded jacket (-ao-[]) to (-iao-[]) Tone defect: basically can read the tone pattern of four tones in Mandarin, but the tone pattern is not in place, obviously low or high, and the tone contrast between ordinary high and low can not be seen clearly. According to the examination rules, a single-byte word cannot enter the first level if its total score is 1. The test of disyllabic words 1. Objective: To investigate the pronunciation of tone, rhyme and tone, as well as the mastery of tone changes such as light tone, Hua Er and tone sandhi. 2. Scoring rules: 0.2 points will be deducted for each mispronounced syllable and 0. 1 point for each pronunciation defect. (The total score of this content is 2 points, so you can't enter the first level. The definitions of errors and defects in disyllabic words are the same as those in monosyllabic words. 3. On tone sandhi, Er Hua and Tone sandhi: (1) Tone sandhi: In a certain language environment. Some syllables lose their original tone and become light and short tones, which is light tone. Light tone is a sound change phenomenon when music is read continuously. Read softly in the following situations: A. Structural auxiliary words: "Yes, yes, yes" Example: Our writing is good and happy. B. Tense particle: "zhe, le, guo" Example: laugh, learn and walk C. Mood particle: "mo, ba, la, ah" Example: xing, zou, xing, chi D. suffix "zi, tou, men" of nouns or pronouns Example: table, stone and them. The trend verb "come, go, get up and go down" after the e verb or adjective: come in, go out, stand up, please come in. F. The locative words "up, down, inside, edge and face" after nouns or pronouns: wall, underground and home. G The second syllable of overlapping words and the second and fourth syllables of overlapping verbs. Example: Look, Dad, discuss. (2) Erhua: The roll vowel er in Mandarin can be combined with other vowels to form a roll vowel, which is called Erhua. Er Hua in Er Hua rhyme is not pronounced Er Hua, but only a tongue rolling action is attached to the front vowel to make the vowel have a tongue rolling sound. Example: Flowers-HUAR Songs-GER (generally, anything with the word "er" can be changed into a child. Tone sandhi of monosyllabic words: when syllables are pronounced continuously, the tone values of some syllables will change, which is tone sandhi. A: Tone sandhi: The two tones are connected, and the first tone is flat: very good, very skillful. The first two are connected, and the first two are connected: first divide the speech into two or three fields, and then change the tone according to the above method: "Please buy me five paper umbrellas". Before the tone sandhi, the tone sandhi is changed to semi-north, and before the light tone sandhi is changed to semi-or near-tone sandhi: Sister, Miss, the tone sandhi of B: "One" is single-minded, or in. Reader's tone: read the rising tone before the sound is removed: definitely, everything should be read before the sound is removed: one heart, one year, an overlapping verb. Read c: single-minded tone sandhi, or read the semitone at the end of the sentence or before the stop. Read the rising tone before the sound is gone: no, it's fine. Light tone between words: the items to be examined include: language, language flow, tone sandhi, intonation, etc. Requirements: Read articles correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin. Scoring rules for on-site reading in Putonghua test: 0. 1 point will be deducted for each phonetic error, 0. 1 point for missing a word, 1-3 point for dialect intonation, 1-2 point for incoherent language or improper speech speed, and 65,438 points for reciting once or less. Content: draw lots to determine the topic, the time is 4 minutes, not less than 3 minutes. Scoring rules: language features ***25 points, divided into 5 grades, vocabulary and grammar standardization * * 10 points, divided into 3 grades, natural fluency ***5 points, divided into 3 grades. Pay attention to colloquialism, but don't emphasize the logic of the content. For more exam information, please click on Abang Education at the bottom left.