Osmanthus fragrans has many nicknames: it is called "Gui" because its leaves are like Gui; Texture such as rhinoceros, also known as osmanthus; It is elegant and noble, full of fragrance, and is called "Xianyou"; Osmanthus fragrans is also called "immortal tree" and "old moon in flowers". Osmanthus fragrans generally grows on rock ridges, also known as "rock osmanthus"; Osmanthus fragrans has a far-reaching fragrance when it blooms, and its fragrance is clear and rich, and it can be washed far-reaching, so it has the reputation of "nine-mile scent";
Yellow flowers are as thin as millet, so they are also called "golden millet"; Osmanthus fragrans is a "Xianke"; Flowers bloom in autumn, and it is said that the autumn god belongs to the west, so it is also called "Xixiang" or "Autumn Township"; Osmanthus fragrans is a symbol of nobility, chastity, honor, friendship and good luck. Those who succeed in official career are called "laurels".
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According to written records, osmanthus trees in China have been cultivated for more than 2,500 years. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was mentioned in Mountain Scenery in the South of Mountains and Seas that the swaying mountains were covered with laurel trees. Shan Hai Jing Xi Shan Jing mentioned that there are many osmanthus trees in Gaotu Mountain. Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs" includes "Helping Beidou to drink osmanthus pulp and faithfulness as a laurel flag". "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" praised: "The beauty of things is the glory of showing off".
Yue Jue Shu, compiled by Yuan Kang and others in the Eastern Han Dynasty, contains Ji Ni's words: "Give birth to laurel, and history will give birth to children." It is obvious that Guangxi has been loved by people since ancient times. From the Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Osmanthus fragrans became a valuable flower and tribute, and became a symbol of beautiful things.
"Miscellanies of Xijing" records that when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty first built Shanglin Garden, his ministers presented more than 2,000 kinds of flowers, including ten osmanthus trees. In BC11/year, Emperor Wu invaded South Vietnam, and then built a rich palace in Shanglinyuan, where exotic flowers and trees were planted widely, including 100 osmanthus plants.
Most of the plants planted at that time, such as bananas, osmanthus, henna, longan, litchi, olives, citrus and so on. , dead, osmanthus is lucky to survive. Sima Xiangru also mentioned Osmanthus fragrans in Shang Lin Fu. At that time, the introduction of osmanthus into the palace was successful and had a certain scale. ?
In the Jin Dynasty's Nanzhi, it was recorded: "When Guangxi comes out of Hepu, it will be born on the top of the mountain, evergreen in winter and summer, with its own forest and no miscellaneous trees." Nanjing is the ancient capital of China. During the reign of Emperor Wu of Qi Dynasty (AD 483-493), Xiangzhou, Hunan sent osmanthus trees to plant in Fanglin Garden.
According to "Southern Fireworks", (583-589 AD) a "Gui Gong" was built in the courtyard for the beloved princess Zhang Lihua, and a osmanthus was planted under the tree, which made Zhang Fei domesticate a white rabbit, called the Moon Palace. It is conceivable that the legend that the moon and Chang 'e, osmanthus tree and jade rabbit were regarded as the moon palace was quite popular at that time.
It shows that as early as 2000 years ago, China used osmanthus trees for garden cultivation. At present, there is also a Chinese osmanthus in the holy water in the southeast of Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province. According to legend, it was planted by Xiao He of Emperor Gaozu Liu. Its trunk diameter is 232 cm, its crown area is more than 400 square meters, and its branches and leaves are lush and magnificent. ?
In the Tang Dynasty, it was very common for literati to introduce osmanthus, and singing osmanthus became a common practice. Liu Zongyuan moved more than ten osmanthus plants from Hengyang, Hunan Province to plant Lingling. Bai Juyi is the secretariat of Hangzhou and Suzhou. He brought cinnamon from Tianzhu Temple in Hangzhou to Suzhou for planting.
In the Tang Dynasty, Li Deyu collected a large number of flowers and trees in recent twenty years, among which the red laurel in Tunxi, the laurel in Zhongshan, the laurel in Qushan, the purple laurel in Yongjia and the Zhen Hong laurel in Zhongshan were all introduced to his villa on the outskirts of Luoyang. At this time, it is more common to plant osmanthus in the garden temple. ?
Myths and legends of osmanthus constantly appear, especially the story of Wu Gang's cutting osmanthus in Tang Dynasty novels, which is widely circulated among Chinese people. Legend has it that there is a laurel tree in the middle of the month, which is 500 feet high. WU GANG, a native of Hexi in Han Dynasty, was punished for disobeying the rules when he was studying immortals. The tree in the middle of the moon was cut down, but he couldn't.
Thousands of years have passed, and WU GANG has been cutting down trees hard every day, but that magical osmanthus tree is still full of vitality and fragrance every Mid-Autumn Festival. Only on the Mid-Autumn Festival did Wu take a rest under the tree and have a reunion festival with the world. Mao Zedong's poem "Ask WU GANG what he has, and WU GANG holds out osmanthus wine" is from this allusion. ?
After Tang and Song Dynasties, Osmanthus fragrans was widely used for cultivation and appreciation in gardens. There is a famous sentence in the poem Lingyin Temple in the Song Dynasty, "Osmanthus fragrans is in the middle of the moon, and the fragrant clouds float outside", so later generations also call it "Tianxiang". Li Bai said in the poem "Gui Fu", "Ghost in Nanshan, An Zhi, with green leaves hanging down. Yin Qing can also entrust, why not plant Yuan Jun? "
It shows that the poet should be planted in the laurel garden, which can be watched and encouraged from time to time. This demand leads to the growing popularity of osmanthus in gardens. For example, in the Song Dynasty, Mei wrote "Lin Xuangui": "There are no evil trees in the mountains, but there are green laurels." In Ouyang Xiu's Xie Shuanggui Shuzi, "Fu, Yao Lanqu" implies that osmanthus fragrans have been transplanted to the peony railing in the poet's courtyard.
In Song Dynasty's Song of Osmanthus fragrans by Mao Kun, "Jade steps show graceful autumn osmanthus shadows" means planting osmanthus fragrans in front of the jade steps. In Ni Zan's poem Osmanthus fragrans in Yuan Dynasty, "Osmanthus fragrans is Ye Wan in color, and the autumn light is pale" points out that Osmanthus fragrans is planted in front of the window.
Folk cultivation of osmanthus fragrans began in the Song Dynasty and flourished in the early Ming Dynasty. Five osmanthus producing areas in the history of China were all formed here. Osmanthus fragrans from China was introduced to Britain in 177 1 and has developed rapidly in Britain since then. Now it is cultivated in many countries in Europe, America and Southeast Asia, especially in Mediterranean countries.
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