Before the first emperor started his business, the middle road collapsed. Today he scored three points, and Yizhou was exhausted. This is a dangerous autumn. However, the ministers of the Guard persevered, and those loyal to it forgot to be outside, covering up the extraordinary experience of Emperor Wen and reporting it to the emperor. It is advisable to open a holy court, respect the legacy of Emperor Wen, and be benevolent. It is not suitable for complacency, and it is wrong to lead mistakes and block the road of loyalty and advice.
Therefore, in the model, Zhuge Liang paid attention to the situation that "Yizhou is tired of disadvantages", that is, Yizhou today, which can be said to support Shu Han to tide over the difficulties. On this basis, Liu Chan must select and appoint talents to restore its comprehensive national strength. However, when it comes to "Yizhou is tired of disadvantages", many people feel suspicious, because as early as in "Longzhong Dui", Zhuge Liang indicated to Liu Bei of the Three Kingdoms that Yizhou is a land of abundance, and Emperor Gaozu just occupied this area, thus creating the business of emperors. So, here's the problem. Zhuge Liang first thought that Yizhou was a land of abundance, and later said that Yizhou was a hinterland. Why? In other words, what is the reason behind the name "honest people buy shoes"?
First of all, in the ancient history of China, Yizhou can indeed be called the land of abundance, which should be questioned by Yongmu. As a regional name, the land of abundance was first seen in Volume III of Warring States Policy. Su Qin called the place in Guanzhong, Shaanxi where Qin Huiwen is located "Chengdu Tianfu". Records of Huayang Country (Volume 3) Shu Zhi: After Li Bingxiu repaired Dujiangyan City, Chengdu Plain was a regional port "thousands of miles away". When the drought hit the canal, the rain blocked the water gate. Therefore, it is said that floods and droughts follow people, and there is no shortage, so heaven and earth are called Chengdu Tianfu. " "Yizhou is in danger, fertile land is thousands of miles away, Chengdu is rich, and Emperor Gaozu is the emperor because of it." It is a famous saying in Zhuge Liang's famous book Longzhong Dui, which refers to the Chengdu Plain.
Because the land of abundance originally refers to areas with rich land resources and beautiful scenery, some works in history are also called "land of abundance" at some stages, such as northern North China, Jiangzhun, Fujian and other medium-sized areas, but they are all used sporadically, that is, ancient history. The land of abundance first refers to Guanzhong Plain, and then generally refers to Yizhou area, in other words, Chengdu Plain. As far as Chengdu is concerned, it is a prosperous city in the ancient history of China. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, there was a saying that Yangzhou and Yizhou (Chengdu) became the two most lively big cities at that time. Accordingly, in Longzhong Dui at the end of the Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang urged Liu Bei of the Three Kingdoms to win Yizhou.
However, it must be noted that Zhuge Liang said in Longzhong Dui: "Jingzhou is bordered by Han and Mian in the north, benefiting from the East China Sea, connected to the east and connected to Bayu in the west. This is a martial arts country, and the Lord can't keep it. This is a dangerous day, so it is a general. Does the general care? Yizhou is in danger, Woye is thousands of miles away, Chengdu is a land of abundance, and Emperor Gaozu became the emperor. " For this matter, in Bian Xiao's view, although Zhuge Liang praised Yizhou in Longzhong Dui, the starting point of Longzhong Dui is that Jingzhou and Yizhou straddle each other. For example, only Yizhou and Jingzhou are in hand, can we help Liu Bei, the Three Kingdoms, to start a career as a king. In 227 AD, Zhuge Liang often told Liu Chan, the late ruler, that Yizhou was exhausted, which was obviously directly related to the fall of Jingzhou.
After Battle of Red Cliffs, the seven counties of Jingzhou were divided by Liu Bei, Cao Cao and Cao Cao, and Liu Bei went to Sichuan, leaving Guan Yunchang to stay in five counties of Jingzhou (Nanjun, Changsha, Lingling, Guiyang and Longtan). Among them, Nanjun was borrowed from Wu by Liu Bei. After Liu Bei of the Three Kingdoms acquired Shuchuan, he returned Changsha and Guiyang counties to Cao Cao (equivalent to returning Nanjun). Later, when Guan Yunchang sent troops to attack the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao's Xiangyang area, Sun Quan sent Lv Meng to attack the three counties in Jingzhou, which led to the fall of the three counties in Jingzhou. So obviously, although Liu Bei occupied most of Jingzhou after Battle of Red Cliffs, with the demarcation of Xiang River and the appearance of Xiangfan War, Liu Bei's camp in the Three Kingdoms completely lost its chassis in Jingzhou.
Therefore, after Guan Yunchang's carelessness in Jingzhou, Zhuge Liang's "Longzhong Dui" was certainly not completed. After all, Shu Han, who could not cross Jing and Yi States, only became a separatist camp, but could not help the Han family unify the whole country. From this point of view, there is no doubt that Zhuge Liang's remarks about Yizhou before the overthrow had some truth and were in line with the situation at that time. On the other hand, in addition to Guan Yunchang's careless loss of Jingzhou, the Yiling War initiated by Liu Bei during the Three Kingdoms period certainly put Yizhou under great work pressure. In July of Zhangwu (22 1), Liu Bei of the Three Kingdoms was very ambitious and attacked Cao Cao of the State of Wu. When Cao Cao couldn't beg for mercy, he surrendered to Cao Jun and served as the commander-in-chief of Lu Xun, leading the army to fight. Lu Xun and Liu Bei of the Three Kingdoms were at loggerheads for seven or eight months, and finally defeated the Shu Han army in Yiling.
The great defeat of Yiling War is another great loss of the overall strength of Shu Han after Guan Yunchang lost Jingzhou. In this campaign, Liu Beijun was basically wiped out, and tens of thousands of people died. Fu Zi also described that Wu Jun solved more than 80,000 Shu-Han armies, and Liu Beicai of the Three Kingdoms survived. For this matter, in Bian Xiao's view, in the battle of Yiling, hundreds of thousands of elite soldiers lost by Shu Han mostly came from Yizhou, which means Yizhou cannot recover this huge loss in the short term. After losing Jingzhou and losing Yiling, Yizhou also defected, which caused great harm to Shu Han.
In the end, Liu Bei died in the summer of April in 223 (the third year of Zhangwu in Shu Han Dynasty), and in May, Liu Chan proclaimed himself emperor and renamed him Jianxing. Around June this year, Lu Yong, an aristocratic family in Yizhou County, took advantage of the chaotic opportunity of Shu Han's new defeat of Yiling, Liu Bei's death in the Three Kingdoms and Huang Yuan's rebellion to instigate Zhang Kejun's secretariat Zhu Bao, Zhang Yuejun's advanced customization and Yizhou County's tribe Meng Huo to revolt together. When the rebellion just broke out, Zhuge Liang did not immediately send troops to Zhangzi County to defect because the overall strength of Shu Han had not been repaired at that time. In 225 AD, that is, after waiting for two years, Zhuge Liang personally led the eldest son of the army to rebel in Central and South China. But in 227, Zhuge Liang put forward the "model", which pushed Shu Han into the historical time link of Jiang Wei's northern expedition to Cao Jun.
Yizhou was the only place for Shu Han at that time, but it had to confront the most powerful Cao Jun immediately. To a certain extent, this can be called an egg hitting a stone, and it also makes Yizhou's manpower and material resources worry about resources. Taking Zhuge Liang's five northern expeditions to Jiang Wei as an example, the problem of money and grain immediately endangered Zhuge Liang's battle plan. From this perspective, although Yizhou is a land of abundance, it has been struggling because of the heavy losses it suffered before.
For example, among the thirteen states divided by the Han Dynasty, Yizhou is indeed a relatively rich state, which can be described as a long-distance running champion. However, the long-distance running champion is now carrying sandbags to compete, which shows that he is really under too much pressure. On this basis, Zhuge Liang later said that Yizhou was exhausted, and it was precisely because of this situation that Shu Han became the first of the three countries in Wei Shuwu to perish. What do you think of this matter?