What was the political system of ancient Greece like?

Ancient Greek politics meant that citizens shared public power equally. The word pure democracy was first seen by James, the father of the American Constitution. 6? 1 Madison Expo. He used pure democracy to refer to democratic countries such as ancient Athens, which was different from the form of government that the United States wanted to establish-it was then called the * * * Republic. Madison thinks: "A pure democracy, I think, is a society composed of a few citizens who get together to discuss and manage the government;" And a Republic, I think, is a representative government. "This paper wants to continue to use the word pure democracy, but it can also be said to be the definition of democracy to refer to the ideal type of democracy. Pure democracy is a way of governance in which members of the same institution share public power on average per head. This definition is not only used for democracy, but also for social organizations, such as family, friends circle and non-governmental organizations. For politics, pure democracy is a political way in which public power is shared equally by all citizens. This definition is almost completely applicable to classical democracy. In ancient Greek democracy, power was distributed in this way. In the 5th century BC, there may be hundreds of democratic city-states in ancient Greece, and the number of citizens in most city-states (who must be adult males) is 2000-10000. Athens in the late 5th century BC was the acme of the development of democracy in ancient Greece. There were 40,000 to 50,000 citizens in Athens in Pericles' era. In these democratic city-states, citizens hold civic meetings to directly decide laws and policies, and administrative officials and judicial officials are mostly held by citizens in turn by drawing lots. In the larger Athens city-state, some citizens have to hold several public offices a year. In these city-States, power is distributed to citizens on an average per head, not by other factors such as property, knowledge and IQ. Quite simply, how many people divide power into how many shares, which is democracy. Not only legislative power, executive power and judicial power are equally distributed per head. Because civilians always occupy the majority of the population, democratic countries in ancient Greece are usually controlled by civilians. The first notable feature of this definition is to define democracy from the perspective of power. Only by defining democracy with power can democracy be the most thorough definition. Power is the core essence of politics, and only from the distribution of power can a complete analytical path of democratic politics be formed. Defining democracy from the perspective of decision-making procedure, election of political leaders or political process can of course show many characteristics of democracy, but it has not reached the core of democracy and found the deepest essence of democracy. Power is the blood of politics, and political system is the mode of power distribution. The following analogy can be made simply: power = participation = decision-making, and governance = benefit. Only by defining democracy from the perspective of power can we grasp the essence of democracy, fully show the institutional characteristics of democratic politics, and fully show the spiritual essence of democracy and its significance to human survival. Defining democracy with mathematical concepts is the second distinctive feature of this definition. Numbers are a preconceived concept, a basic tool for human beings to know the world and themselves, a basic tool for understanding economic issues, fairness and justice, and a basic tool for understanding democratic issues. Regrettably, previous thinkers did not define democracy with mathematical concepts, which is also an important reason for the confusion of the concept of democracy. In fact, Aristotle also talked about the characteristics of democratic mathematical concepts. He pointed out that "justice is the mathematical equality that takes care of all citizens' rights" and "the power of governance" ... are evenly distributed to all citizens in quantity. But he did not include this feature in the definition of democracy. The word "democracy" still has a certain derogatory meaning in Aristotle. Based on the experience of the ancient Greek city-states, he summed up a definition of democracy: "The civilian regime (that is, the democratic regime) should be a regime controlled by the free and poor, but also by the majority." The third characteristic of this definition is to define democracy in an ideal way. Just like some definitions in physics and mathematics, the real world has its infinite proximity, but it will never be exactly the same. In other words, realistic democracy can be as close as possible to pure democracy, but it is difficult to be completely equal to it. Ideal type is democracy in the original sense and pure democracy, which can better reveal the connotation, essence and spiritual implication of democracy. Democracy in ancient Greece is a model of pure democracy and an extremely precious great heritage of mankind. It shows a pure and quintessential form of democratic politics and ignites the democratic dream of mankind. The democratic regime of mankind has never reached the purity of ancient Greece. Of course, ancient Greek democracy also had some shortcomings. Its inclusiveness is limited to male citizens, and foreigners, women and slaves are excluded from the political process. It is a kind of omnipotence politics. Without the concept of human rights, the power of most people is unrestricted, and sometimes it will turn into mob politics. But none of these can hide its eternal dazzling light, and it has set a democratic benchmark for mankind in an extremely pure form that will never be surpassed.