Napa is a ceremony to worship heaven. It is said that in ancient times, Naxi ancestors first appeared at the junction of heaven and earth. Therefore, Naxi people think that Naxi people are the earliest people in human life in the world.
Napa is also a combination of Dongba culture and Tibetan culture. It is a unique festival for the Naxi people in Yanjing and an important festival for the Naxi people in Yanjing.
According to the traditional custom, Naxi village people hold it in turn in every household in the village. "Pa" means pig in Tibetan. Every year, the organizer selects a pure black boar for the whole village as a sacrifice for Napa Festival. However, other members also have the obligation to provide pig food to ensure that pigs grow fat and strong, which has been handed down for many years. Napa Festival is held in the Tibetan New Year every year, which is also a feature of Naxi village people in the New Year. On the first day of Napa Festival, a "Bei Zeng" ceremony was held in the evening, and all family members gathered at the host's house to prepare for the ceremony of Napa Festival. In the evening, people first feed highland barley wine and Tibetan white wine to the pigs preparing for the festival to play an anesthetic role; Naxi elderly people began to pray for sacrifices, praying for good weather, happiness and peace in the coming year; At one or two o'clock the next morning, people dared to carry the pig to the sacrificial platform. First, the butcher slaughtered the pigs, roasted them with fire and removed their hair. Followed by "simmering mulberry", according to the needs of Tibetan Buddhism, cypress leaves or pine leaves are ignited, and a little liver, lung and pig blood are taken from pig viscera and thrown into the fire to worship heaven. The old Naxi people recite Dongba Sutra and pray for God to bless the harmony, health and happiness of all things on the earth. Then, according to tradition, Lao Dongba of Naxi nationality can judge the signs of disaster, bumper harvest and death in the coming year from the shape and integrity of the spleen and scapula of pigs.
Next, all the family members will gather in the host's house to celebrate the festival by singing and dancing. Generally, such festivals will last for two or three days, and it will be another family's turn to host them next year, so people in Naxi Village will continue to inherit and carry forward the treasures of national culture.
Wedding Festival
There is a strange festival in Gada village, Naxi township, which is a fake wedding held in the village from the ninth to the eleventh day of the first lunar month, commonly known as "wedding sacrifice".
During the wedding, the whole village was very lively. On the first day, in order to prepare for the wedding, a respected and eloquent wedding host held a meeting of young people in the village in the morning, and selected the most hardworking and beautiful young couple of the year as the bride and groom of this fake wedding, and determined the family who presided over the "wedding" by drawing lots. In the afternoon, the "groom" and the "bride" were baptized and sent invitations; Other young people are preparing for the "wedding" of the "groom" and "bride" tomorrow. Early the next morning, all the men, women and children in the village wore festive costumes and took wedding gifts to congratulate the family that organized the wedding and help organize the wedding. The best man and bridesmaid also went to the "groom" and "bride" to congratulate them and help them dress up. After lunch, the grand "wedding" began. First, the host announced the beginning of the "wedding". Then, the groomsmen and bridesmaids, surrounded by the "groom" and "bride" dressed in gorgeous clothes, walked slowly to the auspicious pattern painted with the symbol "Tashi Daji" (that is, the cross symbol used by the Nazi party: "punishment") and listened to the host's "wedding toast", which was called "thank you" in Tibetan. Afterwards, representatives of both men and women made speeches for the "groom" and the "bride" respectively. Finally, both men and women made wonderful free defense, which made people end this "wedding" celebration with bursts of laughter. After dinner, all the villagers danced around the bonfire on the wide dam. It was not until the third day that the wedding in Gada Village came to an end. Tibet is called "the sea of singing and dancing", and people in Xizang is good at singing and dancing. Known as "a nation that can talk, sing, walk and dance", men, women and children can dance. Folk dances include "Heizai" and "Guozhuang". Mangkang's string dance is a wonderful flower in the colorful Tibetan culture, which is simple, elegant, elegant, melodious and cheerful. Mangkang string dance is one of the precious cultural heritages inherited and developed in Tibetan culture.
Mangkang string dance
String dance, called "harmony" in Tibetan, is translated as "circle dance" Mangkang Heizai is one of the famous folk dances in Changdu area. Its main features are that men lead the dance with horns and huqin, while women wave long sleeves and dance with the rhythm of the piano. Dancers form a circle, step on the beat, sing passionately and dance while singing. First, light singing and dancing, then gradually speed up the rhythm, and finally push it to the climax of fast rhythm, ending a black boy. When dancing, individuals can enter or exit the dance circle at any time.
The tunes of Mangkang Heizi are short, pithy, soft and smooth, with beautiful melody, which can be used to sing lyrics of various themes. Its huqin has a chord of 5 degrees and a range of 8 degrees. When playing the violin, we don't change the handle, and adopt the methods of "old with little" and "little with old" to deal with overtones.
Mangkang Heizi is a traditional folk comprehensive art which integrates poetry, piano, song and dance in Changdu area. Most of the lyrics sing praises to hometown, praise the snow scene, reflect national customs or express life philosophy by metaphor, pour out love between men and women, and express happiness and auspiciousness. The implication is profound, gorgeous and implicit, with rich feelings and strong local flavor. Mangkang Heizi usually jumps the most when he wears a tie and plays bazi after work, during holidays, at wedding parties and before the summer harvest and autumn harvest. At home, in the wild, I often dance around the bonfire all night, even for two days in the blue night. In Mangkang, no matter the town or the country, no matter the old people or children, as long as they hear the voice of the Hu Qin, they will scramble to join the happy string dance.
In 2006, Mangkang Heizi was included in the first batch of intangible cultural heritage list.
Sanxian dance
Sanxian Dance is located at the first stop of the "Tea Horse Ancient Road" in Tibet. The simple and elegant sanxian dance is a pearl on the ancient tea-horse road, which is deeply loved by local people. Travelers have played an important role in the spread of Sanxian Dance, making Sanxian Dance a very famous dance in southeast Tibet and at the junction of Tibet, Sichuan and Yunnan.
Sanxian Dance originated in Daxu Village, Quzika Township, Mangkang County. According to research, it has a long history of 400 to 500 years. So far, it is not only widely circulated in this town, but also quite famous in the surrounding areas. Three-string partner, three-string. It is said that the head of the piano is the dragon's head, the body is the dragon's backbone, and the strings are the dragon's tendons. Today's three-stringed instruments are made of pure wood. The performance of Sanxian Dance consists of men and women dancing together, with beautiful lyrics and melodious rhythm, fast and slow. Music is characterized by simplicity, liveliness and smooth singing. Regardless of the number of people, venues and other restrictions, men and women sing together and dance while singing. Generally, it starts with melodious and relaxed music, and the smooth and cheerful halftime performance ends with enthusiasm. The main content is to avoid disasters, celebrate the harvest and wish good luck.
Sanxian Dance in Daxu Village, Mangkang County has a long history, ancient magic, unique form, strong national style, strong plateau characteristics, rich song and dance content, and its song and dance tradition is precious.
However, Sanxian Dance is facing a lost situation. After careful arrangement and excavation by the vast number of literary and art workers and old folk artists of Mangkang Folk Art Troupe, this unique art in Mangkang County once again shows its former elegance. It is said that the original dance has 13 programs, and only 7 programs have been handed down. After liberation, Sanxian Dance was well received by the audience in the 65,438+0965 cultural performance celebrating the founding of Xizang Autonomous Region. Today, about 200 artists can dance seven dances that have been handed down to this day.