In fact, only 36 divisions, 87 divisions, 88 divisions and the Central Teaching Corps have really completed the reorganization, and the rest of the reorganization divisions who claimed to have received German-style training only carried out transformation and construction according to the German system. Their equipment is not as good as the real armored forces, and their modernization training has not been fully completed.
Besides, even the ordnance division has not prepared all the necessary weapons. For example, the 88th Division in Xie Jinyuan has only one artillery battalion and only about 72 heavy machine guns.
The first division of the Japanese army has more than 100 heavy machine guns and various heavy artillery, as well as huge naval and air forces to provide backup, so the firepower of the two sides is very different, and the training quality and tactical application are also different.
The most important thing is that in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, not only ordnance divisions but also local warlords who sent troops to participate in the war at the call of Chiang Kai-shek were put into Shanghai and Shanghai battlefields. They were as bloody as the Central Army, and they all defeated the Japanese army? Died in China in March? Dream hero.
Li Zongren (189 1─ 1969) recalled when Chiang Kai-shek was published. Lushan speech? After that, Guangxi Farmers from all counties have reported to the county government to join the army. In the end, because there were too many informants, the government was able to decide the choice by drawing lots.
In less than a month, they formed four armies? Among them, the 2nd1Army led by Liao Lei (1890─ 1939) took part in the Battle of Shanghai and defeated the Japanese army. So if you belittle it? A miscellaneous army? The role of, no matter in terms of historical facts and emotions are unfair.
Originally, Chiang Kai-shek hoped that with the help of the German military advisory group, he could complete the modernization reorganization plan of 60 divisions and establish a self-sufficient military industrial system.
1928, the Nanjing national government was not established for a long time, so it hired Bauer (max bauer, 1869─ 1969) as an economic adviser. He submitted the Proposal for Organizing the China Army, which not only suggested that the National Government first set up an elite teaching force that did not undertake combat tasks, but also provided suggestions on military industry, posts and telecommunications, transportation and coastal areas.
1930, under the guidance of Weiser (1869─ 1947), the teaching team was expanded into a teaching brigade, and finally it was organized into 36 divisions, 87 divisions and 88 divisions, which initially laid the foundation for the armored forces.
When there is 1933? Father of the national defense forces? Sechet (1866─ 1936) went to China as a general consultant, and then wrote a more ambitious proposal for the reform of the German army. Then in 1934, he facilitated the signing of a barter trade agreement between China's minerals and agricultural products and German industrial products, so that China, which was short of foreign exchange, could use products such as tung oil.
During the period of 1936, Germany's military sales to China accounted for 28.8%, and reached 37% the following year, which created the closest military-commercial relationship between the National Government and Germany before the Anti-Japanese War.
Alexander Ernst Alfred Herman Flehel von Falkenhausen (1878─ 1966), the last general adviser of the German Army Corps in China, stayed in China for the longest time and had the most far-reaching influence. He used Sichuan as an anti-Japanese base area, used guerrilla warfare to consume Japanese troops and blocked the Yangtze River, which all brought great help to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
However, Falkenhausen also admitted that it was very difficult to build an army that met German standards in terms of the quality of officers and men, industry and financial resources in China at that time, and the plan to train 60 divisions was only the embryonic form of a modern army. Moreover, most local warlords are unwilling to carry out disarmament in the name of reorganization, so it is difficult to achieve this goal.
Therefore, Falkenhausen adjusted Setchette's opinion according to the reality, thinking? At present, China's army can't undertake a new type of war, but it can't resist the enemy with a protracted war, forcing it (Japan) to strengthen its strength. What's more important is to build a small but extremely new defense force? It is advocated that the national army should first establish a light army, and in addition, laid-off soldiers should be assigned to construction projects or incorporated into the police to avoid repeating the tragedy of social unrest caused by the large-scale demobilization of Germans after World War I.
However, it is a pity that although the National Army made some achievements under the training of German consultants, the plan to reorganize 60 divisions broke out before the completion of the Anti-Japanese War, and the ambition of self-sufficiency in weapons was not realized.
Cech Ceng Dian Ming? China's army is in a state of lack of weapons, but buying weapons and ammunition can only be regarded as a transitional act. If there is no reliable domestic arms production to meet the training needs in peacetime and wartime, China will be forced to rely on foreign imports and cannot protect itself in wartime? .
As a result, as mentioned above, even the most elite 88th Division lacked heavy firepower. When the National Government reorganized 20 divisions, it even reported 12000 rifles, 108 light machine guns, 6 12 heavy machine guns and 120 mortars.
This has led to the confusion of weapons in the national army, the mixing of local and foreign materials, the difficulty in logistics supply and the lack of opportunities for collaborative exercises.