Keywords:: construction industry bidding development
First of all, the implementation of bidding system is an important means for the government to implement macro-control.
Under the condition of planned economy, the government is the manager of social economy. Moreover, it is not only the decision-maker of macro economy, but also the direct operator of micro economy, and it undertakes all the affairs of social and economic life and "unifies to the end". The government has become the only subject in the process of economic operation, and enterprises and other economic organizations are only appendages of government agencies, and everything must be done according to the government's plan. From planned economy to market economy, enterprises, as producers, become the main body in the process of economic operation. Under the old and new systems, the functions of the government are completely different. The development of market economy objectively requires that government functions must be transformed from administrative command to macro-control. The government's macro-control of economic activities can be divided into direct control and indirect control. The so-called direct control means that the government uses administrative means to directly control and manage the economic activities of enterprises through administrative systems. Practice has proved that this direct regulation method can not adapt to modern economic activities at all. Practice has proved that this kind of direct regulation can not meet the requirements of modern economic development at all. In contrast, indirect macro-control is based on the application of market mechanism, which is implemented by inputting parameters into the economic system, that is, the government adjusts the market through parameters, and then realizes indirect macro-control of economic development through the market. In recent years, with the acceleration of China's urbanization process and the increase of urban infrastructure investment, the construction industry has made great progress, which has made great contributions to changing China's urban and rural appearance, improving people's living environment, improving people's quality of life and promoting economic and social prosperity and development. However, some large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises are struggling because of the incomplete reform policies and the irregular construction market. On the contrary, some private construction enterprises and township construction enterprises, although inferior to large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises in technical strength, equipment and social reputation, use their own flexibility and mobility, and some even take some unscrupulous methods to seize the project, thus making them extremely active in the construction market. At present, the problem of unreasonable industrial structure in construction industry is more prominent, and the construction administrative department must give full play to the government's macro-control function and reverse the passive situation as soon as possible. There are many ways for the government to realize macro-control, such as tax reduction and exemption, increasing credit funds, reducing credit interest and other economic levers, or adopting administrative means such as strict examination of enterprise capital, controlling the total balance and strengthening industry management. The implementation of bidding system in construction projects mainly solves the problem of who will undertake the project, which is related to the survival and development of every construction enterprise. We can adjust the bidding policy within the scope stipulated by law to realize the macro-control of the development of the construction industry. This kind of regulation and economic regulation belongs to indirect regulation means, which is much better than administrative intervention by direct regulation means. It is a benign operation mechanism of self-regulation by using the laws of market economy, which will certainly play an extremely important macro-control role in the coordinated development of the whole construction industry.
Second, the establishment of the bidding operation mechanism of rewarding the superior and punishing the inferior will certainly promote the survival of the fittest in construction enterprises.
"Openness, fairness, justice, honesty and credibility" is the principle of bidding, and "selecting the best" is the ultimate goal of bidding. As far as a project bidding is concerned, as long as the above principles are adhered to, the winning bidder must be the best among many bidding enterprises. Therefore, the implementation of the bidding system will surely realize the survival of the fittest for construction enterprises. Bidding for construction projects is a scientific, normative and policy-oriented work, and each specific link is directly related to the vital interests of construction enterprises, especially the selection of bidders and the evaluation method. As long as the policy is slightly adjusted, it may affect the winning bid. Therefore, we must adhere to the principle of bidding in our work, especially the principle of "selecting the best" in the whole bidding process to realize the survival of the fittest and the optimization of the industrial structure of construction enterprises. For example, in the selection of bidding units, at the beginning, our city adopted the way that the construction unit recommended bidding enterprises among the enterprises that passed the pre-qualification. In practice, we find that this method has many shortcomings. Before determining the bidding unit, the bidding enterprise shall try its best to do the work of the construction unit and strive for the bidding right. In order to obtain the right to contract, some construction units privately agreed to some additional conditions of the construction units. Although some construction projects have been tendered and signed contracts according to regulations, the construction unit has selected the outsourcing team in advance, and the construction unit has privately promised to win the bidding recommendation right of the construction unit at all costs. Once winning the bid, it has to accept all the irrationality. The existence of these problems will lose the real meaning of bidding, and it is more difficult to ensure the implementation of the principles of bidding projects. This not only creates convenient conditions for the construction unit to engage in unhealthy practices, but also is not conducive to the preferred bidding. After we found this problem, we cancelled the recommendation system of the construction unit in time and stipulated that the bidding unit should participate in bidding for the project contracted by bidding. This method eliminates the conditions for construction units and construction enterprises to engage in over-the-counter transactions and ensures the fairness and justice of competition. At the same time, in order to prevent the randomness of lottery and prevent excellent enterprises from losing the bidding opportunity, we stipulate that the project management department (construction enterprise) that won the national, provincial and municipal high-quality engineering medals and provincial advanced units, models and civilized construction sites in the previous year will be given a certain number of direct bidding opportunities without lottery. In terms of bid evaluation and scoring methods, the city has also adopted the methods of adding points for winning projects, deducting points for inferior projects, and canceling two bidding qualifications. Through the implementation of the above measures, enterprises are encouraged to compete with strength and performance, thus enhancing the enthusiasm of enterprise management, upgrading, upgrading and creating excellence. On the one hand, the engineering quality of our city has generally improved to a higher level. Last year, the qualified rate of the project reached 100%, and the excellent rate reached 40%, up by 10 percentage point year-on-year; The elimination rate of common faults in engineering quality reaches 70%. The construction of civilized construction sites has been continuously strengthened. In the whole city, 132 construction sites were rated as up-to-standard construction sites, and 40 building numbers were rated as provincial civilized construction sites or model construction sites, all of which were significantly higher than the previous year. On the other hand, some powerful enterprises have won the bid, while those enterprises with poor strength, or those that used to contract projects only by relationships and channels, have gradually been eliminated by market competition, the order of the construction market has gradually improved, and the market competition environment for survival of the fittest has gradually formed.
Third, the vigorous implementation of the bidding system will certainly promote the adjustment and optimization of the internal structure of construction enterprises.
Large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises are still the main force in China's construction industry. At present, the operating system and management mode of these enterprises still have the influence of planned economy to a greater or lesser extent, and the operating institutions that adapt to the market competition mechanism have also been fully formed, which virtually limits the development of enterprises. Judging from the situation in our city, the building capacity of large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises only reaches about 40% of their building capacity, and the living resources of individual state-owned enterprises only reach about 10 ~ 20%. Enterprises are faced with a series of problems, such as outdated management system, less construction tasks, lack of funds and poor turnover. In addition, the wages and labor insurance of retired employees have also become the historical burden of enterprise development. The increase of construction enterprises and fierce market competition have brought a strong impact to state-owned enterprises. The full implementation of the bidding system has fundamentally purified the external environment for the development of construction enterprises. This has created good development opportunities for large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, but it has also brought them severe challenges. In the process of bidding, although the government has provided opportunities for large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises to participate in market competition and tried to protect them under the same conditions, fierce competition and strict or even harsh requirements of owners still bring great pressure to state-owned enterprises. This objectively requires state-owned enterprises to see not only what advantages the outside provides for their market competition, but also their own difficulties in the market competition, quickly change their concepts, deepen internal system reform, readjust internal operating mechanisms, change management into management, take the road of collectivization and integration, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of employees, establish a sense of responsibility, urgency and crisis, and adopt a good mental state, superb technical force and advanced technology.
Four, the implementation of the bidding system is the need of anti-corruption work.
Under the condition of planned economy, the construction tasks of construction enterprises are issued by administrative instructions. After the implementation of market economy, construction enterprises have been pushed to the market, and the construction market has also changed from "Party B's market" under the planned economy to "Party A's market". Once the construction unit has a project, many construction enterprises will come to discuss the intention and conditions of contracting, and private negotiations and transactions are inevitable. Especially due to the nature of public ownership in China, asset owners are different from asset managers. The legal representative of a state-owned enterprise does not own the assets of the enterprise, but has the right to control the assets of the enterprise. An enterprise as a legal person is not fully responsible for assets. Some people may take some illegal practices in order to seek the private interests of departments and individuals, which leads to the phenomenon of private contracting, private recruitment and indiscriminate recruitment to a certain extent, which is easy to breed corrupt behaviors such as asking for bribes. It is for the above reasons that it is particularly important to implement the bidding system in the field of construction project contracting.
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