The third largest city in France, the capital of Rhone, and the capital of Rhone-Alpes region. Located at the intersection of the River Thorne and the River Rhone, on the main road of Paris-Basel. The urban population is 4 1.3 million, and the metropolitan population is 1.654.38+0.7 million (1.982).
The city is located in the corridor of the Rhone Valley, built on the moraine hills of the Alps, with an altitude of 169 meters. The climate is influenced by the gentle valley topography from north to south, which has both Mediterranean and continental characteristics. The average temperature in June is 5438+ 10, the average temperature in July is 2. 1℃, and the annual precipitation is 813mm.
Originally a fishing village between the River Thorne and the River Rhone. It became the capital of Gaul in 1 century BC. Because it is located in the relay station between the Mediterranean and northwest Europe, the water transportation is convenient, which provides conditions for its early development. At the beginning of the 2nd century, it had a population of 200,000, but its status declined in the past 1000 years. 1 1 century, with the oriental silk, spices, jewelry and food passing through the Rhone-Thorne trade road, a commercial market appeared. /kloc-became a religious center in the 0/3rd century. 15 to 16 century, textile, leather, printing, metal processing and other industries developed, and by 18 century, it became an industrial city with a population of100000. /kloc-in the 0 ~ (th) century, it became a railway transportation and financial center, and the silk weaving industry flourished. Later, it gradually developed chemical industry, machinery manufacturing, motors, man-made fibers, dyes and other departments. The economy is prosperous and the population has increased greatly. The population before World War I was nearly 500,000. Since 1930s, the suburbs have expanded rapidly and established important satellite towns, such as Vilban and Wales. The population of suburbs increased from about 194 1 in 2000 to about10.5 million in 2000, and then to 700,000 in10.975. At the same time, the urban population has decreased slightly. Lyon 1969 established a "city * * * isomorphism" with a wider scope, and there are 56 towns together with Lyon.
The core of Lyon, an important industrial zone in France, is a modern city with industry as its main industry. The employment in the secondary industry accounts for 45% of the total employment, while the employment in the tertiary industry is in a secondary position, which is quite special in French cities of the same size. There are various manufacturing sectors, mainly machinery, chemistry and textiles, and energy (oil refining and electricity), metallurgy and food industries also account for a certain proportion. The production of automobiles and engines is the most important in the mechanical industry. The chemical industry began to develop inorganic chemical industry in the second half of the19th century, and the petrochemical industry played a dominant role in the last 30 years. It is one of the national chemical industry centers with a crude oil processing capacity of 9.8 million tons. There is Pierre-Bennett Hydropower Station nearby. Lyon is the most important textile industry center in the whole region. The textile industry is famous for its traditional silk weaving industry, and the man-made fiber industry has a certain position. In recent years, the tertiary industry has also developed, especially banking and commerce. Convenient transportation, it is an important railway, highway, aviation and water transport hub; Roads and railways connect Paris, Marseille and Grenoble.
The old city is rich in historical sites, including ancient buildings in Roman times and Renaissance, famous churches and various museums, and parks including zoos and rose gardens are all tourist attractions. Industrial zones are mainly distributed in suburbs, with textile industrial zones in the north and chemical industrial bases in the south. The satellite city of Wales in the southeast is one of the important automobile industry bases.
Port Marseille
The Oriental Gateway of France-Marseille Port
Marseille is the second largest city in France, the largest commercial port near the Mediterranean, the capital of Provence-Alpes-C? te d 'Azur region and the capital of the Royal Province. The northwest is 773 kilometers from Paris, 3 13 kilometers from Lyon, and the population is 165438+ 10,000. Marseille is the oldest city in French history. It was built by Greek sailors from Asia Minor in the 6th century BC and was originally called Masalia. BC 1 century merged into Roman territory, and then declined and perished. /kloc-rose again in the 0 th century and was besieged by visigoths, burgundians, saracens and normans. 148 1 became a part of the kingdom of France. Since19th century, France has successively conquered countries in North Africa and West Africa, and Marseille Port has become a base for colonists to expand outward and a transit point for plundering colonial wealth. After the Suez Canal was dug, it became an important gateway for France to contact the Middle East and Asia.
Marseille citizens took an active part in the French Revolution. In July, l792, more than 500 Marseille volunteers marched to Paris singing "Battle Hymn of the Rhine Army". Later, this song was widely circulated as "La Marseillaise" and was designated as the national anthem of France by France No.1 and France in July 1795. 187 1 During the Paris Commune, the workers in this city once established the Marseille Commune. During World War II, French ships gathered in the port refused to yield to Nazi Germany and all died heroically. The heroic port of Marseille once again shocked the world.
Marseille Port has vast waters, vast hinterland, modern equipment and unique geographical conditions, and ships of 10,000-ton class can be unimpeded. Hong Kong consists of Marseille, Laszla, Foz and Rhone-St. Louis, with an annual freight volume of 654.38 billion tons. As the largest gateway of French foreign trade, Marseille Port mainly undertakes the import and export of crude oil and petroleum products, as well as minerals, tropical agricultural products, machinery, food and other products. Prosperous maritime trade has promoted the development of Marseille industry, making it the center of French oil refining and shipbuilding industry, and creating developed industrial departments such as machinery, food, electronics and textiles. The whole port of Marseille, with a total length of 70km, extends westward from Marseille along the Mediterranean coast to the coastal areas of the Rhone estuary, including Labrat, Bellevue-Don, Port Booker, Foss-sur-Mer and St. Louis at the Rhone estuary, forming a port group in southern France and becoming the industrial core of southern France.
Marseille, known as the "Port of the East", preserves the remains of city walls, baths, squares, theaters, arenas and so on left over from ancient Greece and Rome.
Marseille has many medieval buildings with different styles. The majestic Fort Saint-Jean (15th century) and Fort Saint Nicholas (17th century) confronted each other from north to south, guarding the entrance of the old port like mighty warriors. The castle of Yves Island off the old harbor is a place described by the famous French writer Dumas in his novel The Count of Mount Quito. Notre Dame Cathedral, with a height of162m, was revered in the 8th century, from 1853- 1864. On its spire, there is a 9-meter-high gilded statue of Notre Dame, which shines in the sunlight. Important places of interest in the old port area include Marseille History Museum, Lamar Church, Saint Victor Monastery (4th century), Marseille Opera House, City Hall (17th century), Saint Vincent Church, De Paul Church and Langshang Palace Art and Nature Museum (19th century). The quaint and elegant scenic spots and various forms of scenic spots reflect the elegance of this historic city along the Mediterranean coast. Marseille is also a place where celebrities gather. French President Pierre Tiber, painter Du Miai, dramatist Edmund and rostain were all born here. 1October 26th1987 10 Marseille and Shanghai became sister cities. 19971On February 4th, 1998, the draw ceremony for the' 98 World Cup was held in Marseille.
Paris, the capital of France, is the largest city in continental Europe and one of the most prosperous cities in the world. Located in northern France, on the west bank of the Seine River, 375 kilometers away from the estuary (English Channel). The Seine River winds through the city, forming two central islands (Sid and St. Louis). The urban population is 2 1.7 million. The city itself is located in the center of the Paris basin, with a mild maritime climate, no heat in summer and no cold in winter. 1 average temperature10.3 degrees in October, July/kloc-0.8 degrees, and annual/kloc-0.0 degrees. The annual rainfall distribution is balanced, slightly more in summer and autumn, with an average annual rainfall of 6 19mm.