China Library Classification. : G424 Document ID: A ItemNo.:1672-3791(2012) 05 (b)-0203-01In order to further improve the construction level of biochemistry and laboratory technology courses and comprehensively improve the teaching quality, According to the spirit of "Notice of Ministry of Education on Starting the Construction of Excellent Courses of Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Engineering in Colleges and Universities" and "Notice of Hubei Provincial Department of Education on Selecting Provincial Excellent Courses in Colleges and Universities" and the school-running mode of our school 1233, the teaching methods and means of biochemistry and laboratory technology, one of the main courses of medical laboratory technology specialty, have been reformed and achieved certain results.
1 Teaching method reform
The course of Biochemistry and Laboratory Technology adopts project teaching, and various teaching methods are adopted in the teaching process, aiming at highlighting the purpose of taking students as the main body and teachers as the leading factor. The teaching mode of theory plus experiment in the past has been changed, and the confirmatory experiment in the past runs through the process of completing specific projects, which makes students' learning objectives more clear and completely changes the phenomenon of theory plus experiment. The training of different biochemical test skills also tries to adopt the real test items commonly used in clinic, and introduce clinical real cases into the teaching process, so as to make students' learning objectives more clear and improve their learning interest. The specific teaching methods used in the course teaching are as follows.
1. 1? Project teaching method
Project teaching method is a typical student-centered teaching method, which is characterized by "taking projects as the main line, teachers as the leading factor and students as the main body". The course of biochemistry and laboratory technology pays attention to the cultivation of professional ability. According to the workflow and typical tasks of clinical biochemical laboratory, the course design is 15 typical project, such as specimen collection, treatment and preservation of biochemical laboratory technology, quality control of clinical biochemical laboratory, blood lipid determination, liver function test, etc. In the process of project learning, students complete the teaching content stipulated in the teaching plan under the guidance of teachers, understand and master the knowledge and skills required by the course, cultivate ideas and methods for analyzing and solving problems, improve their interest in learning and arouse their enthusiasm for learning.
1.2? PBL (problem-centered) teaching method
PBL teaching method emphasizes problem-centered, students find problems themselves or teachers ask questions, and students learn with problems, which has strong pertinence, clear purpose and high efficiency. The teaching effect of PBL depends on the cooperation between teachers and students, so the evaluation of both sides can objectively reflect the teaching effect of PBL between teachers and students. First of all, students evaluate their own knowledge, application and development of various skills, and group members evaluate each other. Secondly, on the basis of students' self-evaluation and mutual evaluation, teachers are instructed to evaluate students' speech times, speech content and quality, review materials and written reports, group learning and mutual cooperation, and comprehensively evaluate students in combination with test paper results. The third is that students evaluate teachers' knowledge content, teaching attitude, teaching methods, language expression and guide communication. It is also necessary to make a subjective evaluation of students' understanding and memory of what they have learned, their ability to analyze and solve problems, their autonomous learning, their interest in learning and their spirit of cooperation through questionnaires.
1.3? Network teaching method based on modern educational technology
This course makes full use of modern educational technology and the rich network resources of the school to carry out teaching. Each teacher in the course group is equipped with a computer. Through the application training of modern educational technology, young and middle-aged teachers have mastered basic modern educational technologies such as the use of conventional teaching media, network-assisted teaching platform and multimedia courseware making. Teaching courseware is made by multimedia technology, and some experimental operation skills are also shown to students in the form of video. Resources such as curriculum standards, lesson plans, courseware, classroom videos, and autonomous learning materials have been launched, realizing the networking of courses and the three-dimensional teaching resources, thus providing more interactive and open learning space for students' learning.
1.4? Real practice method
Real clinical specimens are used to practice biochemical tests. In the designed training and teaching projects, except the recovery test and interference test, all other projects come from the commonly used clinical biochemical tests.
1.5? Case guidance method
It has changed the traditional teaching mode of instilling teaching centered on teachers' "teaching", actively adopted the teaching mode with case analysis as the background, and introduced project-based learning content with real clinical cases. Through heuristic teaching, classroom discussion is strengthened and students' favor is won. For example, when teaching the chapter of "disorder of glucose metabolism", the teacher borrowed the medical records of diabetic patients in endocrinology department of the hospital medical record room, and explained and analyzed the process of diabetes caused by disorder of glucose metabolism in teaching with actual cases as the background, so that students could understand it more thoroughly and master it more firmly.
1.6? Simulation training method
Taking the common clinical examination items as the training content, we can realize the zero distance between teaching and clinic.
1.7? Field learning method
Using the existing excellent teaching resources, Xiangyang Central Hospital, First People's Hospital and Chinese Medicine Hospital (clinical teaching base) carried out on-site teaching, which effectively made up for the lack of in-hospital learning.
1.8? Assessment method for the purpose of comprehensive ability
In order to adapt to the goal of modern talent education and training, we have established a brand-new practical examination mode with comprehensive ability training as the core. Practice examination is in line with the industry. According to industry standards, full-time teachers and industry experts take part in the examination of routine testing items by drawing lots. The assessment method is divided into two parts: oral examination (20%) and practical operation skill assessment (80%). The oral examination mainly examines the principle, reference value, clinical significance and matters needing attention of the measurement items; Practice assessment mainly assesses the integrity of the compilation of training materials, the standardization of operation, the accuracy of sample addition, the correctness of result calculation and the standardization of result report, and comprehensively evaluates students' comprehensive vocational skills and professional quality.
2 teaching methods
This course is teacher-oriented, student-centered, using a variety of modern teaching methods to improve teaching quality and efficiency, and build a good learning platform for students. The specific teaching methods are as follows.
(1) The integration of "teaching-learning-doing-competition" means learning by doing, learning by doing, and not being satisfied with doing. The integrated teaching method of "teaching, learning, doing and competing" is an organic combination of theoretical teaching and practical training. In the real professional learning situation, teachers' teaching, students' learning, students' doing, practical project implementation and skill competition are integrated, and teaching, learning, doing and competition are integrated. Its essence is to integrate classroom, laboratory and working situation, so that students can feel the atmosphere of situational teaching, learn skills and acquire abilities during the project implementation. (2) Make full use of on-site teaching, give full play to the role of excellent teaching resources, and keep up with the clinical development trend. (3) The simulated training room provides a training environment close to the real clinical position. (4) Evaluate the results of all practical teaching projects within and between groups in time, and effectively promote students' attention to the quality of test results.
3 effectiveness
After the positive reform of teaching methods and means, biochemistry and laboratory technology has become a brand course in our college. In particular, project teaching is well received by experts and peers inside and outside the school. Through the application of project teaching, students' learning enthusiasm has been greatly improved. There are more autonomous learning than before, and the classroom atmosphere is more active. After class, more students use their spare time to do experiments and discuss problems, and their skills assessment scores are significantly higher than those of students who used traditional methods to attend classes before. The specific results are as follows.
The accuracy of (1) experimental results is obviously improved. (2) The scores of skills assessment have improved significantly, from the average score of 82.5 in the traditional teaching class (grade 2009) to the average score of 89.3 in the reform class (grade 2000). (3) The number of trainee students who can work in a week has greatly increased. (4) Students' cooperative spirit has been fully exercised. (5) The overall level of students' mastery of theoretical knowledge has also been significantly improved.
refer to
[1] Cai Zehuan. Re-discussion on "1233" school-running mode [J]. Journal of Xiangfan Vocational and Technical College, June 2007 (1):1.