A. Plagiarism
B, disrespect for the subjects
C, against ethics
D, violating the law
Answer: b
Social psychologist S. Milgram conducted at 1963 Yale University, USA. This research is one of the most influential experiments in social psychology.
In milgram, 40 volunteers, including teachers, engineers, employees, workers and businessmen, with an average age of 25-50, were recruited through open recruitment at a price of $4.50 per hour. The experimenter told the subjects that they would take part in an experiment to study the influence of punishment on students' learning, and asked them to decide one of them to be a student and the other to be a teacher by drawing lots. The teacher's task is to read the relevant words aloud, and the student's task is to remember them. Then the teacher shows them and asks the students to choose two correct answers from the four words given. If they are wrong, the teacher will shock the students by pressing the button as punishment. In fact, the researchers have arranged in advance that the result of each lottery will always be the real subjects as teachers, while the students are the experimenters' assistants. During the experiment, the fake subjects as students and the real subjects as teachers were arranged in different rooms. Tie the electrode to the student's arm; Be tied to a chair so that you can be punished by the teacher when you make mistakes in memorizing words. Teachers and students communicate with each other through sound. Every key on the teacher's operating table indicates the severity of electric shock, ranging from 15V to 450V. These electric shocks are actually fake, but in order to convince teachers of the whole experiment, let them receive an electric shock with an intensity of 45V as an experience.
In the experiment, whenever a student makes a mistake, the examiner orders the teacher to give an electric shock, and the intensity should be increased; With the increase of electric shock intensity, students gradually changed from moaning, shouting and cursing to begging, begging for mercy, kicking people and finally fainted. If the subjects are hesitant, the examiner will severely urge them to continue the experiment and say that all the consequences will be borne by the experimenter.
The results show that: During the whole experiment, when the voltage was raised to 300V, only five people refused to raise the voltage again. When the voltage was increased to 365,438+05 V, four people refused to obey orders, and when the voltage was 330V, two people refused. Later, the voltage reached 345V, 360V, 375V, 1 and everyone refused to obey orders. * * * There were 14 people (accounting for 35% of the tested ships) who made all kinds of resistance: they refused to carry out the examiner's orders. The other 26 subjects (65%) obeyed the experimenter's orders and persisted until the end of the experiment, although they showed different degrees of tension and anxiety.