Teaching is like three carriages: teaching design, teaching process and teaching reflection. Teaching design is preparing lessons, which is a complex teaching technology. Successful teaching lies in teachers' excellent teaching design ability. Teachers' teaching design ability is the most direct and basic factor affecting the teaching effect of teachers' education. Improving teachers' teaching design ability is an effective way to optimize the teaching effect of school education, an active strategy to improve teachers' teaching behavior and a necessary condition to promote students' all-round development. Teaching design ability is a combination of many skills. How to improve the effectiveness of classroom teaching by improving teaching design? I think we can start from the following aspects:
First, a reasonable determination of teaching objectives
Teaching goal is the guiding ideology of a class, the starting point and destination of a class, the soul of teaching, and determines the success or failure of teaching. Therefore, a clear and reasonable teaching goal is the premise to improve the effectiveness of classroom teaching. As far as Chinese teaching is concerned, teachers should first consider students' cognitive basis when determining classroom teaching objectives, and think about stimulating cognitive interest, improving reading analysis skills and strengthening emotional interaction. In order to improve the direction, pertinence and effectiveness of teaching, we should not only pay attention to the teaching of necessary basic knowledge and skills, but also pay attention to the cultivation of students' self-development ability, so as to achieve the unity of teaching form and learning content. With such teaching objectives, we can have a general thinking direction when designing teaching plans.
Second, grasp the teaching framework as a whole.
Because classroom teaching is a dynamic process of teacher-student interaction, unexpected situations occur from time to time, or the progress of each link is not completely under the control of teachers, which requires teachers not only to carefully study textbooks, understand the basic spirit and writing intention of textbooks, grasp the basic clues of teaching activities provided by textbooks, analyze the ideas and methods infiltrated by textbooks, understand the teaching ideas contained in new textbooks, and grasp the teaching framework as a whole. Have a clear orientation of the classroom teaching process, and consider the basic situation of class students and learning, so as to adjust at any time and realize the overall teaching goal.
Third, carefully design the teaching situation.
Whether the learning situation is effective is not to create a situation for the sake of having a situation, but to point out whether the situation is scientific, reasonable and effective. That is, the situation arrangement is scientific and reasonable, which has practical significance. An effective teaching situation should make students physically and mentally happy and fascinated, and be full of vitality and fun in the classroom. Constructing vivid problem situations can really stimulate students' interest in learning, help students find those challenges that are real to them personally, and thus urge them to devote themselves to learning activities; It is helpful to mobilize students' existing knowledge and experience and their own way of thinking, participate in problem-solving activities, and help solve problems. In teaching, the creation of problem situations should have a modern flavor, the learning-related materials that occur in real life should be introduced into the classroom in time, and students should have a * * * voice that echoes the textbook characters and textbook knowledge, so as to enhance the times of teaching. Therefore, constructing a realistic, interesting, scientific and contemporary situation is the "real" situation that meets the students' internal development needs.
As far as moral education in primary schools is concerned, how to improve teaching design to improve teaching effect? I think we should improve the teaching design from the following aspects:
First, get close to life and society.
Tao Xingzhi, a famous educator, said: "Education should be liberated from the cage ... The world of birds is the forest, and the world of education is the whole social life." The moral education curriculum in primary schools faces the whole life world of children, and morality exists in all aspects of children's lives. Therefore, in teaching, we should organize and arrange teaching content based on students' life, so that students can be close to life and society, thus guiding students to love life, learn to be a man and form good moral character.
It is not enough for students to acquire knowledge only by teacher's indoctrination and book study. In teaching activities, teachers should try to draw students' eyes to the endless world of knowledge outside textbooks, guide students to love life, learn to be a man, put morality in children's real life, and let children form good moral habits in the process of life. For example, when teaching the activity "Civilization starts with me", I designed a lot of notes before class. Notes are written with tasks. Let the students accept the task by drawing lots first, and then tell them how to complete the task. In this way, students can be led to real life outside the textbooks, observe and experience life for themselves, and let them know that civilization is not only reflected in classrooms, classrooms and campuses, but also in all walks of life in society. Tell you about the process and feelings of completing the task in class. Finally, through students' own observation, we can discover and experience the importance of civilization, develop students' imagination and creativity, and guide students to play in their favorite way. In the play, the students really feel the happiness brought by civilization and feel that civilization is a kind of beauty. Therefore, there is a sense in my heart that I want to talk about civilization, and civilization starts with me.
Second, creative use of teaching materials
When using textbooks, we must change the concept of "textbook-centered" in the past, so as to guide students to the life world outside textbooks, conduct detailed research and planning on textbooks according to curriculum standards, and creatively use textbooks in combination with local actual conditions and children's development needs, instead of following the book step by step. On the premise of ensuring the realization of the basic goals, teachers can make necessary adjustments to the educational content, so that children can get maximum development in all aspects of targeted and high-quality educational activities.
Teachers should creatively develop local curriculum content (local curriculum) on the basis of making good use of teaching materials. The resources of this course are diverse, including people and events around children's lives, family, school, street, nature, environmental facilities, human landscape, tourism, experiences and discoveries in children's lives, and various programs, cultural activities, major events and folk activities can all be used as important curriculum resources.