Which country forced China to sign the Lhasa Treaty and the Sino-British Tibet-India Treaty?

The Lhasa Treaty and the Sino-British Tibet-India Treaty are unequal treaties that Britain forced China to conclude after the Sino-British Tibet-India Treaty and its renewal. 1903165438+10 (September 29 of Guangxu), Britain launched the second war of aggression against Tibet, and occupied Lhasa in August of the following year. On September 7th, British Colonel Rong forced Lausanne Gyanzan, the director of Gandan Temple in Tibet, to sign ten articles of the Lhasa Treaty, the main contents of which are as follows: (1) Except Yadong, open Gyangze and Gadak as commercial ports, allowing Britain to send personnel to supervise commerce respectively; (2) The compensation of 7.5 million rupees will be paid in seventy-five years. Before the indemnity was paid, the British army occupied Chunpi; ③ Dismantle the fortifications from the China-Myanmar border (now Sikkim) to Lhasa; (4) Tibetan land shall not be sold or leased to any foreign country without the prior consent of Britain; No foreign interference is allowed in all affairs in Tibet, and no foreign personnel are allowed to enter Tibet; Tibet's railways, highways, wires, minerals or other rights shall not be transferred to any foreign country or its subjects; Tibetan income, goods or cash shall not be mortgaged or transferred to any foreign country or its subjects. 1904 1 1 In June, India's acting governor, Charles, was ordered by the British government to ratify the Lhasa Treaty, and stated in the annex that the compensation would be reduced to 2.5 million rupees. Three years after the reparations were paid, the British troops retreated from Chunpi.