There are many sayings about the origin of dragon boat racing, such as offering sacrifices to Cao E, Qu Yuan, water god or dragon god, which can be traced back to the Warring States period. Dragon boat race was first introduced to Japan, Vietnam, Britain and other neighboring countries, and it was the official event of Guangzhou Asian Games in 20 10.
On may 23rd, 201/year, the dragon boat race was approved by the State Council and included in the third batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
Legend of origin
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To commemorate Qu Yuan
According to the historian Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng, Qu Yuan was a minister in Chu Huaiwang during the Warring States Period. He advocated prospering talents and empowering the people, becoming rich and uniting with Qi to resist Qin, which was strongly opposed by the nobles. Qu Yuan was expelled from the capital and exiled to the Yuanxiang Valley. During his exile, he wrote immortal poems such as Li Sao, Tian Wen and Jiu Ge, which worried about the country and the people. In 278 BC, Qin Jun invaded Kyoto, Chu, and Qu Yuan could not bear to abandon his motherland. On the fifth day of May, after writing his masterpiece Huai Sha, he threw himself into the river.
Legend has it that after Qu Yuan's death, the people of Chu were so sad that they flocked to the Miluo River to pay homage to Qu Yuan. The fisherman paddled the boat and fished for his real body back and forth on the river. They rushed to catch up with each other and disappeared at Dongting Lake. After that, I will row a dragon boat on May 5th every year to commemorate it. Rowing a dragon boat to disperse the fish in the river so as not to eat Qu Yuan's body.
In Miluo City, Hunan Province, before the dragon boat race, you must go to Quzi Temple to worship the Weng God in the temple, wrap red cloth around the dragon head, and then race the boat, which is not only to worship the dragon god, but also to commemorate Qu Yuan. In Zigui, Hubei, Qu Yuan's hometown, there is also a ceremony to worship Qu Yuan. The custom of offering sacrifices to Qu Yuan is recorded in "Geography of Sui Shu": "The song is loud and clear, shaking the land and water, and the audience is like a cloud." Interpretation of Du Jingqu in Yuxi, Liu Tang: "Du Jing began in Wuling, and now it is in harmony with it, with a salty voice:' Where is it', which means four valleys." ?
Pan Hu in Yuanling evokes the soul.
Dragon Boat Racing
Long before Qu Yuan, there were dragon boats in Yuanling. Yuanling Dragon Boat originated in ancient times, and the object of sacrifice was Pan Hu, the ancestor of the five rivers. Pan Hu once settled in Banxi Cave in Yuanling, and gave birth to six children and six daughters. The children married and multiplied into six ethnic groups: Miao, Yao, Dong, Tu, She and Li. After Pan Hu's death, six tribes feasted on the wizard and invited God to bring him back to life. Because of the dense mountains and rivers in Yuanling, the wizard didn't know where his soul had fallen, so he asked all ethnic groups to build dragon boats and look for shouts by stream and river, which eventually evolved into a witch worship activity of rowing and evoking souls. In memory of Cao E
Zhejiang Province commemorates Cao E with dragon boat race. According to "Biography of Women in the Later Han Dynasty", Cao E threw herself into the river. According to folklore, she went into the river to find her father's body. There are many sacrifices in Zhejiang. Dianshizhai Pictorial Sacrifice to Cao E depicts the scene of people sacrificing Cao E in Huiji area. There is also the significance of commemorating Qiu Jin, a native modern female democratic revolutionary. ? [2]?
In memory of Wu Zixu
The competition in Shandong and Wudi (Jiangsu) is to commemorate Wu Zixu, so Suzhou has an old habit of offering sacrifices to Wu Zixu on the Dragon Boat Festival and holding competitions on the water to commemorate it. There is also a memorial ceremony in Guangxi, and there is also a memorial ceremony in Fuzhou.
In the 29th year of Qing Qianlong (1736), Taiwan Province Province began to hold dragon boat races. At that time, Jiang, the chief executive of Taiwan Province Province, held a friendly match in Fukeji Half Moon Pool in Tainan City. Taiwan Province Province holds a dragon boat race on May 5th every year. In Hong Kong, races are also held. ?
Historical origin
In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Qu Dajun, a famous scholar in Guangdong, recorded in Volume 18 of Guangdong New Language: "In May, a torrent poured into a hundred miles. The villagers are the meeting of dragon boats, and the viewers draw the boats and clouds together, embracing each other from head to tail. Scholars and women are like mountains, riding the tide, and it is dusk. The dragon boat is more than ten feet long, seven or eight feet high, and the dragon needs water for two feet. There are six or seven people sitting on their foreheads and necks. There is a brocade pavilion in it. Just take it twice. No fewer than seventy or eighty people played flags, covered, drummed and smashed with radiation hammers. The game was stormy. The ship is gone, and the water mark can't be closed for a long time. I also travel to the point of luxury. The dragon boat in Guangzhong is the most prosperous in Dongguan. From the new moon to the black of May, there is one in every cultural station. Peng Xia, for example, can be punished. ..... Guangzhou (Pearl River Delta) Dragon Boat, but Dongguan is the most prosperous. There are villages and towns from the first day of May to the evening (the first day to the thirtieth day). "
[Republic of China] "Dongguan County Records" records: "On the first day of May, drinking calamus realgar wine is ominous. Eat corn and race dragon boats. By the fifth day, the participants will benefit the public. Recommended to family shrines with festivals. " "Many people in the city are sewing small sachets, saying that they are wrapped at noon." "From the new moon to the hope, the competition is the most prosperous, and the dragon boat grows to more than ten feet. In the pavilion, colorful boats gather, head and tail are in phase, riding the tide. As the sun sets, the orchestral strings are not resting, and the ancient town is magnificent. "
Development history
Since the Song Dynasty, every year from the eighth day of April to the 30th day of May in the lunar calendar, Dongguan people row and wash dragon boats, enjoy the dragon boat scenery, eat dragon boat cakes, eat dragon boat meals and sing dragon boat songs, hence the name Dragon Boat Month. Every year, on the first day of the fifth lunar month, John Wan will hold a large-scale dragon boat championship, which is known as "the first dragon boat scene in Dongguan" and has the poem "Dragon Boat Race on the first day of May, Sailing the Wanjiang River". After the "Dongguan No.1 Dragon Boat Scene", all localities agreed to set their own dragon boat scene days, such as Fenxi scene on May 4th, Xincheng scene on May 10th and Xincun scene on May 14th. The villages in Wanjiang District hold dragon boat races with their own characteristics and the participation of the whole people. Until the end of the month, the "Dongguan No.1 Dragon Boat Scene" that John Wan people are proud of has continued to this day.