Skating is the oldest skating event, which can not only enhance the balance, coordination and flexibility of the human body, but also enhance the cardiopulmonary function and aerobic exercise ability. Let's share the oldest skating events.
The oldest skating event is 1 speed skating.
Speed skating Speed skating is a winter sport. The athletes put on skates and competed on the ice track. Speed skating is the oldest and most extensive event in skating. "
Speed skating competition
Speed skating is divided into big track speed skating and indoor short track speed skating. Speed skating usually refers to big track speed skating. The big track speed skating competition is held on the track with a circumference of 400 meters. The runway is divided into two parts, inside and outside, and two people in each group run at the same time. Switch lanes inside and outside every 1 lap 1 time.
Athletes take a squat posture when skating. With the help of narrow and long skates, the fastest skating speed can be obtained through the periodic action formed by alternating pushing ice, retracting legs, lowering knives, sliding in and coordinating the whole body. Speed skating competition is divided into all-around competition and short-distance all-around competition, usually held separately or divided into two competitions.
Competition project
Adult men 1 day 500m, 500m, the second day1500m,10000m; Adult women 1 day 500m, 3000m, the second day1500m, 5000m. Short-distance all-around competitions are available to both men and women; 1 500m a day,1000m a day, 500m a day for 2 days,1000m a day.
The ranking of individual events is based on the timing results of skaters. All-around and short-distance all-around competitions are converted into component quantities according to four individual achievements, and those with less accumulated points in four events rank first. From 1 session to 1 session, there have been 500m men's speed skating events in the Winter Olympics, 1500m, 5000m, 10000m * *, from 1976 to 65438+.
Women's events started with 500m from the 8th session of 1960, 1000m, 1500m, 3000m * * and increased by 500m from the 6th session of 1988, making it five events.
Standard speed skating runway
The standard speed skating runway is two closed runways, which are composed of two straight runways and two semicircular curves with the radian of 180. The maximum circumference is 400 meters and the minimum circumference is 333. 1 ~ 3 meters. The international competition will be held on a runway with a circumference of 400 meters. The runway has a linear length of11.98 meters, a runway width of 5 meters, an inner ring radius of 25 meters and an outer ring radius of 30 meters.
Assuming that the runway is in the north-south direction, the end point should be located in the southwest corner, and the straight runway in the east is the "lane change area". The boundary line of the runway should be made of tight and tidy snow, with a width of 10 cm and a height of 5 cm (the trace can be clearly seen when the skates touch it lightly). Snow lines should be piled up except that there is no snow line in the lane change area, but the snow line should not be frozen on the ice.
If there is no snow, rubber, wood blocks or other suitable substances with a width of 5 cm, a length of 10 cm and a height of less than 5 cm can be used to replace the snow line with coordinated colors. The marking lines of the starting line, sideline, preliminary starting line and finish line of the first 5m interval 1 m are all blue, and the finish line is red with a line width of 5cm.
Speed skating is the oldest skating event and an ice competition with skates as tools. It belongs to skating in international sports taxonomy. Refers to the skating competition for the purpose of competing within a specified distance.
Speed skating is the abbreviation of speed skating, which is one of the three major skating events in the Winter Olympics, along with figure skating and short track speed skating. There are 14 events in speed skating, which is the most sports event in Beijing Winter Olympics in 2022.
The speed skating competition in Beijing Winter Olympics includes 14 events, 7 for men and 7 for women. They are men: 500m, 1000m, 1500m, 5000m, 1000m, and women: 500m, 1500m.
Generally speaking, each group consists of 2 athletes. In the two tracks, the runner from the inner lane should switch to the outer lane when taxiing to the lane change zone, and the runner from the outer lane should switch to the inner lane. In the lane-changing area, in order to avoid collision between athletes, the debut athletes have the priority to change lanes. If an athlete collides when changing lanes, the inner lane athlete will be disqualified.
The general rules are as follows:
Start a race
After hearing the password of "take your positions", the athlete must stand between the preparatory line and the starting line and maintain an upright posture. After hearing the "ready" password, they should quickly make a starting posture and wait for the shot. At this time, athletes' skates must not cross or step on the starting line, but only touch the line with the tip of the skates.
If an athlete intentionally fails to stand in position immediately, or runs out before shooting, it is a foul. Athletes should be recalled and violators should be warned. If one athlete steals and another athlete steals, only the former will be warned and the latter will not be punished. It's like an athlete stealing the race for the second time and being disqualified.
slip
Athletes must run counterclockwise in the competition, and they must run on the track decided by their own lottery. If they encroach on other people's runways, they will be disqualified. If an athlete falls in skating, he can continue skating after standing, but he must not interfere with others' skating, otherwise he will be disqualified.
When entering, leaving and running in a corner, you are not allowed to touch or cross the snow line for the purpose of shortening the distance. Otherwise, you will be disqualified. If the athlete is affected by no fault of his own, he can be allowed to run again with the permission of the referee and get better results in his two runs. But if the skates are damaged or the rink is not clean, you are not allowed to run again.
Exchange runway
Athletes on the inner and outer runways must change runways when they slip into lane-changing areas. All events that start in the lane-changing area will not change lanes at the beginning. When the athletes on the inner and outer runways arrive at the lane-changing area and run at the same time, they should first let the athletes in the outer lane change to the inner lane, and the athletes in the inner lane must cross in front of them before changing lanes.
Run on the same track
When athletes run back and forth on the same track, the latter must keep a distance of 5 meters from the former, or surpass the former, but they must not run in parallel or with the belt, otherwise they will be warned, and will be disqualified if they commit another crime, and ordered to leave the track immediately.
The latter can surpass the former from the inside or outside, but it must not hinder the former. If there is a collision, the latter's admission qualification will be cancelled. However, when the latter wants to surpass the former, the former shall not hinder the latter's transcendence, otherwise the former's admission qualification will be cancelled.
get in
When the athlete reaches the finish line, the skates touch the finish line. If you fall near the finish line, you can judge that you have reached the finish line as long as your skates touch the finish line. After a fall, athletes can stretch their feet and try to reach the finish line, but they must not hinder others from skating, otherwise they will be disqualified.
In the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, all speed skating events will be held in the National Speed Skating Hall (also known as the Ice Belt), which will be built in the Beijing Olympic Park hockey field for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the Beijing Olympic Park archery field for archery.
The Ice Belt is the first Winter Olympics venue in the world to adopt the ice-making technology of transcritical direct cooling of carbon dioxide, which will generate the largest ice surface in Asia, with an area of1.2000 square meters. According to the brochure for the Olympic bid, 12000 spectators (6800 permanent seats and 5200 temporary seats) will be accommodated during the Winter Olympics. Venues can make ice according to different needs and standards of different sports.
Short track speed skating is the oldest skating event, which originated in Canada. At that time, some speed skating enthusiasts in Canada often went to the indoor ice rink to practice, so there was an indoor speed skating competition. At the beginning of the 20th century, short track speed skating was gradually widely developed in Europe and America.
1975, the International Skating Federation established the Technical Committee of Short Track Speed Skating. 198 1, the World Short Track Speed Skating Championships will be held. 1988 Calgary Winter Olympics listed short track speed skating as a performance event for the first time, 1992 Albertville Winter Olympics listed short track speed skating as an official event.
198 1 year, short track speed skating entered China. 1982, the State Sports Commission officially decided to develop short track speed skating in China, and listed it as a national and national sports event, and the International Skating Federation also listed short track speed skating as an official sports event of the Asian Winter Games. Since then, all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China have set up short track speed skating teams.
On February 22nd, 20 18, Wu Dajing broke the world record in the men's 500-meter short track speed skating final of PyeongChang Winter Olympics, winning the first gold medal of PyeongChang Winter Olympics for the South Korean delegation, which was also the first time that China won the gold medal in the men's event of PyeongChang Winter Olympics.
The short track speed skating competition venue covers an area of 30× 60m. The length of each lap of the oval track is11.12m. The straight width is not less than 7m, the curve radius is 8m and the straight length is 28.85m. ..
Black rubber blocks are placed at the corners at both ends of the venue as marking lines, which also increases the safety of the competition. Athletes are not allowed to slide into the marking line, and there is no marking line in the straight area, so they can slide at will.
Short track speed skating is a fixed counterclockwise direction, which is the natural habit of most people. The existing short track speed skates are also designed in the counterclockwise direction.
Short track speed skating skates are higher, shorter and more curved. This design makes the turn smoother, the tool rest is movable, and the player can adjust the position of the blade when skating. The tube of roller skates must be closed and the blade root must be circular. Minimum radius10 mm. The knife tube is fixed on the shoe at least at two points, and there are no moving parts.