2. Jinyiwei is the exclusive military and political secret service agency of the Ming Dynasty, formerly known as "Gong Weisi" established by Zhu Yuanzhang, and later renamed as "Pro-military Dewey House". The main function of the Royal Guards is to "guard, inspect and arrest". Its leader is called the Commander of the Royal Guards, who is generally served by the Emperor's close military commander and is directly responsible to the Emperor. In the twentieth year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the burning of the instruments of torture of the Royal Guards, and the prisoners were handed over to the punishments for trial. At the same time, all internal and external prisons were ordered to be tried by the Third Law Department, and the Royal Guards were abolished. During the reign of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, the Royal Guards were restored, and Beizhen's deputy envoy handled the imperial edict. Next generation, the Royal Guards always exist. They obey the emperor directly, and can arrest anyone, including royalty, and hold a closed trial. They also participated in the work of collecting military intelligence and resisting enemy generals, such as collecting a large number of Japanese military intelligence during the Wanli Korean War. Until 166 1 year, the Royal Guards of Li Yong, the Emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty, convinced Ma Jixiang and Ren Zi, who were in charge of the Royal Guards, that he was killed by the curse of water, which can be said to be the official end of 290 years of history. After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, the Royal Guards were still set up, following the system of the Ming Dynasty. Shunzhi two years, renamed Luan Yiwei. The Royal Guards of the Qing Dynasty only existed for one year.
3. In December of the 18th year of Yongle in Dongchang, Judy of Ming Taizu decided to set up a new official position called Dongjingchang, and appointed her trusted eunuch as the leader. The establishment of the East Factory also has the intention of monitoring the Royal Guards. The deeper background of the establishment of Dongchang is the strengthening of centralization in Ming Dynasty. The function of the East Factory is to "seek rebellion and abuse". And have the power with a security guard ". A person in charge was given the power to arrest and visit spies. The investigation scope of Dongchang is very wide: First, the courts jointly try major cases, the public security department of Beizhen, Wei Jinyi extorts confessions from repeat offenders by torture, and Dongchang will send people to monitor them. Second, every yamen in the imperial court has the staff of the East Factory on duty to monitor the officials' every move. The leader of the East Factory is called the eunuch of the East Factory, also known as the factory official or governor, and is the second person among eunuchs after Li Si. Usually, the eunuchs in charge of the ceremony are the second and third divisions, and the official title is abbreviated as "Imperial eunuch in the East Factory" or "Prefect in the East Factory". In addition, there are more than 40 supervisors, foremen and clerks assigned by the Royal Guards. They were divided into twelve maids and maids. Each housekeeper wore a round hat, soap boots and a brown shirt. Others have the same boots and hats, but they wear straight bodies. Specifically responsible for detective work is the service director and fan service. The service chief is equivalent to the monitor, also known as the "platoon leader". * * *, more than one hundred people, also divided into twelve ugly heads, all wearing pointed hats, white boots, brown clothes and small tapestries. The commander-in-chief of the service has served many times and is also known as "Fan Zi" and "Director". These people are also composed of elites selected by the Royal Guards. The East Factory is not only more lean and reasonable in organization and personnel allocation, but also has formulated a quite strict system in investigation and operation. For example, on the first day of each month, the East Factory should focus on the investigation of the month, and the factory attendant will draw lots in the East Factory to decide the site he is responsible for. It can be found in the literature that the types of work in the East Factory have special names. For example, people who monitor officials of various ministries in North Korea and Jin Yiwei's interrogation of criminals are called "listening records", people who visit local officials are called "sitting records", people who record what an official has done, or people who arrest important criminals at the gate of a city are called "fighting things".
4. West Factory is the official name peculiar to Ming Dynasty, and its full name is Xiji Factory. In order to strengthen the spy rule, Ming Xianzong set up a West Factory outside the East Factory in the 13th year of Chenghua. Together with the East Factory and the Royal Guards, he was called the Factory Guard, and appointed eunuch Wang Zhi as the prefect. His influence surpassed that of the East Factory, and his activities spread all over the country from Beijing. Later, due to opposition, it was forced to cancel. In the first year, Zheng De briefly reopened for five years, and then it was revoked. The West Factory directly obeyed the emperor and was not controlled by any other organization or individual. As a short-lived secret service, Xichang has only two magistrates, Wang Zhi and Liu Jin. After Tang Xianzong's grandson Wu Zong succeeded to the throne, eunuch Liu Jin came to power, and eunuch forces rose again. In the year of Zheng Deyuan, the western factory led by eunuch Gu Dayong reopened. Ironically, although both the West Factory and the East Factory are under the command of Liu Jin, they are not cooperating with each other, but fighting for power and profit and tearing at each other. In order to change this situation, Liu Jin built an internal factory himself, which was directly under his command. Its function is the same as that of Dongxi Factory, but the scope of investigation is wider, even including Dongxi Factory and Royal Guards. For a time, the four secret service agencies, namely the Royal Guards, the East-West Factory and the Inner Factory, lived in peace, and the world was in chaos. In the fifth year of Zheng De, Liu Jin fell, and Ming Wuzong ordered the cancellation of the West Factory and the Inner Factory. As a temporary product, the West Factory disappeared forever in history.
5. The factory guards were the tools of secret service politics in Ming Dynasty, and they were the eyes, ears and minions of the emperor. The leaders of East Factory, West Factory and Inner Factory are mostly eunuchs of Silijian. In the early years of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty, Ma Yongcheng, one of the Eight Tigers, was in charge of the East Factory and Gu Dayong, one of the Eight Tigers, was in charge of the West Factory. At that time, Liu Jin, the eunuch of Li Si prison, had a conflict with them, and set up another factory in the old warehouse in Fu Rong, the capital, which was self-contained. The scope of investigation is larger than that of Royal Guards, East Factory and West Factory. In addition to the targets of supervision, the Royal Guards, the East Factory and the West Factory are also the targets of supervision. The power is above the East Factory and the West Factory, and the punishment is particularly cruel. The Royal Guards spy on all officials and people, and the factory spies on officials and people. The west factory sometimes monitors the east factory and the inner factory to monitor officials and factory guards, while the emperor directly leads and supervises all reconnaissance agencies, forming a reconnaissance agent system. After Liu Jin's downfall in the fifth year of Zheng De, the internal factory and the western factory were also abolished. Although the factory only existed for five years, it also killed many loyal people.