Putonghua, another name of modern standard Chinese, is a common language with Beijing accent as the standard pronunciation, northern Mandarin as the basic dialect and typical modern vernacular as the grammatical norm. Chinese is different from Putonghua. The promotion of Putonghua is not to eliminate dialects artificially, but mainly to eliminate dialect barriers, which is conducive to social communication and is not contradictory to people's use of inherited dialects.
As one of the working languages of the United Nations, Mandarin has become an important bridge for cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries and the first choice for foreigners to learn Chinese. By 20 15, 70% of the population in China has the ability to use Putonghua, and about 400 million people are limited to one-way communication.
The main source of modern Putonghua is the Central Plains Rhyme compiled on the basis of Dadu (Beijing) dialect in Yuan Dynasty. It used to be Mandarin in Ming and Qing Dynasties. During the Yongzheng period, Beijing dialect was formally established as the standard mandarin of the Qing Dynasty. Compared with the southeast dialect, modern Mandarin retains fewer ancient sounds and disappears "Rusheng".
Putonghua level is divided into three levels and six levels, namely, one, two and three levels, and each level is divided into two levels: A and B; The first grade is the highest and the third grade is the lowest. Putonghua proficiency test is not an evaluation of eloquence, but a test and evaluation of the standard level of candidates' mastery and application of Putonghua, which is a standardized Chinese proficiency test for candidates.
Putonghua test content:
The first part: Reading 100 monosyllabic words (accounting for 10 points) requires that the phonology of each syllable must be full, and the wrong one will be deducted by 0. 1 point.
The second part: Reading 50 disyllabic words (accounting for 20 points) requires reading out the sound changes. If the examinee makes mistakes in tone, rhythm, light tone, inflections, tone sandhi, etc. 0.2 points for each syllable.
Part III: Reading the passage (30 points), 0. 1 point will be deducted for phonetic errors, and 0. 1 point will be deducted for missing words, adding words and reading back.
The fourth part: free speech on the proposition (40 points), on-site lottery test. There are two topics on each label, one of which can be talked for 3 minutes.